The Indonesian Biomedical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Ischemic Stroke in Animal Model: A Systematic Review","authors":"Muhammad Agus Aulia, Keri Lestari, Ahmad Faried, C. R. Sartika, Andi Wijaya, Achmad Adam, Hanna Gunawan, Rima Haifa, Nabilla Farah Naura, B. Pongajow","doi":"10.18585/inabj.v15i6.2460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18585/inabj.v15i6.2460","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Stroke is one of many leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Despite decades of research, treatment for stroke recovery is still inadequate. Recently, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is considered as one of the potential treatments for stroke due to their capabilities to repair or regenerate damaged tissues, as well as immunomodulators in inflammatory conditions. Many pre-clinical and clinical trials have shown MSC therapy feasibility, safety, and efficacy in treating stroke. However, evidence regarding the optimal treatment plan and factors that can improve stem cell functional outcomes in treating stroke needs to be further explored. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted.METHODS: Recent literatures from 2015-2022 regarding stem cell therapies, specifically MSC on ischemic stroke, were collected from two reliable databases: PubMed and PubMed Central. Collected literatures were properly applied to inclusion-exclusion criteria and appraised critically. Keyword strategies on databases were employed, including both medical subject headings (MeSH).RESULTS: Five literatures from 726 were identified and used for systematic review. All animal model in the literatures were prepared to have middle cerebral artery occlusion. All studies indicated that MSC therapy is a safe and reliable procedure despite the variety of transplantation routes. No report of toxicity, rejection reaction, nor infection on MSC treated groups.CONCLUSION: Stem cell sources, dosages, and delivery routes could be resourceful for future translational studies to ensure the safety and efficacy of MSC therapy for ischemic stroke.KEYWORDS: ischemic stroke, mesenchymal stem cells, regenerative medicine, immunomodulator","PeriodicalId":22516,"journal":{"name":"The Indonesian Biomedical Journal","volume":"14 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138980538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Protective Effect of Andrographis paniculata Against Lipopolysaccharide-induced Sepsis in Lung Tissues of a Rat Model Through the Decrease of ICAM-1 and E-selectin Expression","authors":"Michael Kevin, N. S. Widyastiti, Selamat Budijitno, Yan Wisnu Prajoko, N. Susilaningsih","doi":"10.18585/inabj.v15i6.2693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18585/inabj.v15i6.2693","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Andrographis paniculata has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and immunomodulatory effects. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and E-selectin are released in inflammatory conditions due to sepsis. In sepsis-associated fatalities, E-selectin is strongly expressed on pulmonary microvasculature and ICAM-1 is strongly expressed on pulmonary microvasculature endothelial cells, pulmonary macrophages, and lymphocytes. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the protective effect of A. paniculata leaf extract against lung injury in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis mouse model.METHODS: Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into 1 control group and 4 sepsis groups. The control group was fed ad libitum for 14 days, followed by an intraperitoneal injection of 5 mg/kgBW 0.9% NaCl on day-21. While the sepsis groups were fed ad libitum and orally administered 0, 200, 400, and 500 mg/kgBW of A. paniculata leaf extract, respectively, for 14 days. All four sepsis groups were intraperitoneally injected with 5 mg/kgBW LPS on day-21. Mice termination and measurement of ICAM-1 and E-selectin were performed on day-25. The immunohistochemical examination of ICAM-1 expression was performed using ICAM-1/CD54 antibody, meanwhile E-selectin expression RESULTS: All groups given A. paniculata leaf extract showed lower expression of ICAM-1 (p<0.001) and E-selectin (p<0.001) than the group without extract. A. paniculata leaf extract 500 mg/kgBW gives the best effectiveness compared to other doses.CONCLUSION: A. paniculata leaf extract has a protective effect against lung injury by lowering the expression of ICAM-1 and E-selectin in lung tissue.KEYWORDS: ICAM-1, E-selectin, sepsis, Andrographis paniculata, andrographolide","PeriodicalId":22516,"journal":{"name":"The Indonesian Biomedical Journal","volume":"170 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139010180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Hydrogen-Rich Water on Interleukin-1β, Number of Osteoclasts and Osteoblasts in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats with Orthodontic Tooth Movement","authors":"Lina Hadi, A. Hutapea, Florenly Florenly","doi":"10.18585/inabj.v15i6.2677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18585/inabj.v15i6.2677","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) may increase the risk of treatment-related complications for some diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Hydrogen-rich water (HRW) has been demonstrated in many studies to reduce oxidative stress and cell damage. This study aimed to examine the levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, blood glucose level, body weight, tooth displacement, and population of osteoclasts and osteoblasts in diabetic rats with OTM.METHODS: Thirty rats (Rattus novergicus) were divided into 6 groups: OTM, HRW, DM, DM+OTM, DM+HRW, and DM+OTM+HRW. DM, DM+OTM, DM+HRW, and DM+OTM+HRW groups were induced with streptozotocin (STZ) after 8 weeks of high-fat diet (HFD) and continued being fed HFD for 4 weeks. OTM, DM+OTM, and DM+OTM+HRW groups were placed on an orthodontic device for the orthodontic treatment. HRW, DM+HRW, and DM+OTM+HRW groups were administered HRW via oral gavage 3 times a day for 4 weeks. At the end of the study, all rats were euthanized and blood samples were collected for IL-1β measurement using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Meanwhile, the rats’ maxilla was taken to measure tooth movement, and the number of osteoclast and osteoblast were counted.RESULTS: The highest increase of IL-1β was in the DM+OTM group (140.07±5.14 pg/mL) and the lowest was in the HRW group (92.80±2.89 pg/mL). The average number of osteoblasts were higher in tension sites, while osteoclasts were higher in pressure sites.CONCLUSION: Consumption of HRW in STZ-induced diabetic rats with OTM can reduce IL-1β levels, reduce tooth mobility, and promote bone remodeling.KEYWORDS: diabetes mellitus, hydrogen rich water, interleukin-1β, orthodontic tooth movement, osteoblast, osteoclast","PeriodicalId":22516,"journal":{"name":"The Indonesian Biomedical Journal","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138980140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Higher Nrf2 Level is Correlated with Metabolic Parameters in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"Rina Triana, I. Sukmawati, Mas Rizky Anggun Adipurna Syamsunarno, Keri Lestari","doi":"10.18585/inabj.v15i6.2656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18585/inabj.v15i6.2656","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common metabolic disorder associated with oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms related to the role of nuclear factor erythroid 2 (Nrf2), a master regulator of cellular antioxidant defenses, in individuals with T2DM, is essential. Therefore, in-depth investigation regarding the associations between Nrf2 levels, and metabolic parameters, such as waist circumference, fasting glucose levels, HbA1C, and serum inflammatory markers expressions is needed to elucidate the mechanisms driving T2DM and its metabolic disturbances.METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study including 90 T2DM and 25 healthy subjects. Nrf2 level; serum inflammatory markers levels, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, interferon (IFN)-α2, IFN-g, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17A, IL-18 and IL-23; as well as waist circumference; fasting glucose levels; and HbA1C were measured. Nrf2 concentrations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while serum inflammatory markers concentrations were quantified with flowcytometry.RESULTS: Nrf2, TNF-α, and IL-17A levels were significantly higher in the T2DM group, while IL-1β, IFN-α 2, IL-10, IL-12p70, and IL-23 levels were elevated in healthy controls Nrf2 exhibited positive correlations with waist circumference, fasting glucose, HbA1C, and TNF-α. Conversely, an inverse correlation of Nrf2 was observed with IL-1β, IL-12p70 and IL-17A.CONCLUSION: Correlations between Nrf2 and metabolic clinical parameters suggest its role in regulating glucose metabolism and adiposity. Elevated Nrf2 levels observed in T2DM patients may present novel therapeutic avenues for enhancing endogenous antioxidant defenses.KEYWORDS: type 2 diabetes mellitus, Nrf2, oxidative stress, inflammation, metabolic regulation, therapeutic strategies","PeriodicalId":22516,"journal":{"name":"The Indonesian Biomedical Journal","volume":"13 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138979289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preoperative Level of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 2 Predicts The Suboptimal Outcome After Primary Debulking Surgery in Patients with Advance Ovarian Cancer","authors":"Pande Kadek, Aditya Prayudi, Gde Sastra, I. Nyoman, Gede Budiana, Kade Yudi, I. Saspriyana, Nyoman Bayu, Ketut Mahendra, Suwiyoga","doi":"10.18585/inabj.v15i6.2722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18585/inabj.v15i6.2722","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The need for clinically useful biomarkers which can predict the surgical outcome after primary debulking surgery (PDS) in patients with advance ovarian cancer (AOC) is really important. Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) is the main binding protein expressed by ovarian cancer cells, which plays a prominent role in promoting proliferation, driving invasion, and suppressing apoptosis. This study was conducted to assess the performance of IGFBP2 in predicting the surgical outcome after PDS in patients with AOC.METHODS: Twenty-four subjects with AOC (Stage IIIc/IV) who underwent PDS were recruited consecutively. Clinicopathologic data were obtained from subjects' medical records. Blood samples were withdrawn form each subject and preoperative level of IGFBP2 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Multivariate analysis was employed to test the performance of multiple predictors of surgical outcome.RESULTS: Eighteen patients (75%) had suboptimal outcome after PDS. Mean IGFBP2 level was significantly higher in the suboptimal group (1157.5±359.9 ng/mL vs. 679.1±504.5 ng/mL, p=0.018). In bivariate model, higher preoperative level of IGFBP2 predict the suboptimal outcome with good accuracy (AUC: 0.796, sensitivity: 83.3%, specificity: 83.3%, p=0.033, optimal threshold level 870 ng/mL). Higher IGFBP2 level was associated with higher risk of suboptimal outcome, although IGFBP2 was not an independent risk factor (adjusted OR: 5.0, 95% CI: 0.43-57.9, p=0.198).CONCLUSION: IGFBP2 is a novel and promising biomarker for surgical outcome prediction following PDS in AOC patients. Since it is predictive for suboptimal outcome, patients with higher preoperative level of IGFBP2 needs more thorough preoperative evaluation as well as meticulous surgical technique to optimize the surgical outcome.KEYWORDS: IGFBP2, advance ovarian cancer, PDS, surgical outcome, predictor","PeriodicalId":22516,"journal":{"name":"The Indonesian Biomedical Journal","volume":"1 3‐4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138980697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduced Population of CD36-/ABCA1+ Macrophages is Correlated with An Increase of Coronary Artery Disease Risk Markers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"Nur Irawati, Heri Wibowo, A. R. Prijanti, Rona Kartika, D. Tahapary","doi":"10.18585/inabj.v15i6.2625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18585/inabj.v15i6.2625","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Cluster of differentiation (CD)36 and adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) are 2 macrophages-expressed receptors that promote cholesterol uptake and efflux, in which their imbalance might be associated with the foam cell formation risk. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been correlated with the increase of this plaque formation. Therefore, it is necessary to determine whether expression of CD36 and ABCA1 in macrophages are correlated with coronary artery disease (CAD) risk markers in T2DM cases.METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from 13 diabetic patients and 11 healthy donors. Then, the PBMC-derived macrophages were cultured with supplement of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Expression of CD36 and ABCA1 was measured using flowcytometry, meanwhile the supernatant concentration of interleukin (IL)-1b and IL-10 was measured by multiplex immunoassay.RESULTS: T2DM subjects more likely to have low proportion of CD36-ABCA+ macrophages compared to healthy donors (p=0.041) and it had negative correlation with glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance markers, including fasting blood glucose (FBG, r=-0.408, p=0.048), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c, r=-0.380, p=0.049), triglyceride glucose index (r=-0,518, p=0.009), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP, r=-0.556, p=0.005). Moreover, it also had a negative correlation with atherogenic markers such as triglyceride (r=-0.417, p=0.043), triglyceride/HDL, and LDL/HDL, but had positive correlation with HDL (r=0.540, p=0.007). Most of T2DM subjects had high IL-1β/IL-10 ratio after ox-LDL and LPS stimulation (p=0.02 and p=0.05, respectively).CONCLUSION: Reduced proportion of CD36-ABCA1+ macrophages followed with high IL-1β/IL-10 can be a marker of CAD in T2DM.KEYWORDS: type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, macrophages, ABCA1, CD36","PeriodicalId":22516,"journal":{"name":"The Indonesian Biomedical Journal","volume":"22 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139010631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CHEK1 and GFPT1 as Potential Blood-Based Biomarkers for Colorectal Cancer","authors":"Habibah Faroque, Nur Soleha Aria, Nor Amira Muzilah, H. A. Al-Jamal, Mohd Fadliyazid Ab. Rahim, Yasuhiro Nakamura, Hironobu Sasano, A. Azmahani","doi":"10.18585/inabj.v15i6.2708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18585/inabj.v15i6.2708","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The checkpoint kinase 1 (CHEK1) and glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase 1 (GFPT1) genes have been reported to have a crucial role in carcinogenesis in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, their association with the pathogenesis of CRC remains unclear. This study was conducted to study the expression of CHEK1 and GFPT1 genes in adenoma and adenocarcinoma CRC patients’ whole blood samples compared to the healthy controls.METHODS: A comparative cross‑sectional study to examine the expression of CHEK1 and GFPT1 genes were conducted in 6 colorectal adenoma and 6 colorectal adenocarcinoma patients along with 6 healthy controls. Blood samples were taken from subjects, and CHEK1 and GFPT1 genes were analyzed by using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). RESULTS: CHEK1 gene expression in blood samples has the highest in adenoma patients meanwhile for the GFPT1 gene expression has the highest in adenocarcinoma patients. Higher CHEK1 gene expression were also found in adenoma patients compared to healthy controls (p=0.040) and adenocarcinoma patients (p=0.025). Besides, at the 5% level of significance, the median GFPT1 gene expression was higher in colorectal adenocarcinoma patients compared to colorectal adenoma patients and healthy controls.CONCLUSION: CHEK1 and GFPT1 may function as potential regulators in adenoma and adenocarcinoma and measuring their expression might be a potential tool to determine the CRC progression and could be further explored as blood diagnostic biomarkers for CRC patients.KEYWORDS: CHEK1, GFPT1, colorectal cancer, adenoma, adenocarcinoma","PeriodicalId":22516,"journal":{"name":"The Indonesian Biomedical Journal","volume":"254 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138981034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Achatina fulica Mucus Ameliorates UVB-induced Human Dermal Fibroblast Photoaging via the TGF-β/Smad Pathway","authors":"Ch. Tri Nuryana, Tiara Puspita Agustin, S. Haryana, Y. Wirohadidjojo, Nur Arfian","doi":"10.18585/inabj.v15i6.2580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18585/inabj.v15i6.2580","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Ultraviolet B (UVB) induces skin photoaging by reducing collagen deposition via impairment of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Achatina fulica mucus (AFM) is a native medicine acting as vehicle of anti-aging ingredients. The present investigation examined the effect of AFM on UVB-induced fibroblast photoaging by assessing TGF-β, Smad3, and Smad7 mRNA expressions.METHODS: AFM was extracted from A. fulica using electrical shock and freeze-dried into a powder. Normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cultures were irradiated with/without 100 mJ/cm2 UVB and treated with/without 10% platelet-rich plasma or different concentrations of AFM: 3.9 μg/mL in AF3 group; 15.625 μg/mL in AF15 group, and 62.5 μg/mL in AF62 group. The mRNA expressions of TGF-β, Smad3, and Smad7 in NHDF were evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS: TGF-β mRNA expressions in the AF3 (0.85±0.01), AF15 (0.94±0.02) and AF62 (1.64±0.03) groups were significantly higher (p<0.05) compared with that in the UVB group (0.55±0.04). Moreover, Smad3 expressions in the AF3 (1.42±0.25), AF15 (1.89±0.13), and AF62 (2.50±0.31) groups were significantly higher (p<0.05) compared with that in the UVB group (0.57±0.08). Furthermore, Smad7 expressions in the AF3 (1.57±0.18), AF15 (0.87±0.03), and AF62 (0.25±0.09) groups were significantly lower (p<0.05) than that in the UVB group (2.57±0.06).CONCLUSION: AFM ameliorates UVB-induced fibroblast photoaging by upregulating the TGF-β/Smad3 expressions and downregulating Smad7 expression.KEYWORDS: Achatina fulica, TGF-β, Smad, collagen, UVB, fibroblast, photoaging","PeriodicalId":22516,"journal":{"name":"The Indonesian Biomedical Journal","volume":"20 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139010650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AvrA Salmonella Increases TLR4/NF-κB/β-catenin/TGF-β Expressions of Colorectal Cancer Mice Model","authors":"B. P. Wibowo, H. Kalim, Husnul Khotimah, H. Sujuti, Ettie Rukmigarsari, N. Erwan","doi":"10.18585/inabj.v15i6.2607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18585/inabj.v15i6.2607","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is reported as the third most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide. Salmonella infection plays a role in developing this cancer, which is chronically related to the avirulence protein A (AvrA) effector protein produced by the bacteria. This study was conducted to point out the effect of AvrA Salmonella on the occurrence of CRC through the regulation of TLR4/NF-κB/β-catenin/TGF-β expressions in the azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) CRC model.METHODS: A randomized control group post-test-only study was conducted using male Balb/c mice with 30-gram body weight (10-12 weeks), which were divided into three groups, namely the negative control (normal mice without any treatment), positive control (AOM/DSS-treated mice), treatment 1 (T1) (AOM/DSS-treated mice + AvrA Salmonella) groups. Colon tissue was collected and then prepared for immunohistochemistry staining using TLR4, β-catenin, NF-κB, TGF-β, and Ki67 antibodies, whereas apoptotic cells were stained using TUNEL assay.RESULTS: The expressions of TLR4, β-catenin, NF-κB, TGF-β, Ki67, and apoptosis percentage indicated significant differences among the three groups, which statistically showed p<0.05 in all observed parameters. The mean of all parameters was far more significant in the T1 group than in the negative and positive control groups.CONCLUSION: The findings revealed that AvrA Salmonella could increase the expressions of TLR4, β-catenin, NF-κB, TGF-β, and Ki67 and decrease the apoptotic percentage. Thus, AvrA Salmonella influences CRC tumorigenesis through TLR4/NF-κB/β-catenin/TGF-β and is suggested as a potential target in future preventive and curative management for CRC.KEYWORDS: AvrA Salmonella, carcinogenesis, colorectal cancer ","PeriodicalId":22516,"journal":{"name":"The Indonesian Biomedical Journal","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138978671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Quinine Sulfate in Patients with Mild-To-Moderate COVID-19: A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Irma Rahayu Latarissa, M. Barliana, A. Meiliana, Ida Paulina Sormin, Erizal Sugiono, Cissy Bana Kartasasmita, Irmansyah Irmansyah, Keri Lestari","doi":"10.18585/inabj.v15i6.2543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18585/inabj.v15i6.2543","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Before WHO revoked the emergency use authorization for Chloroquine (CQ) and Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) because of their side effects, it was suggested to use these two drugs for COVID-19 therapy. In addition, another derivate of quinine, namely Quinine Sulfate (QS), showed good in silico and in vitro antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. Prior the WHO revocation, this study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of QS in mild-to-moderate COVID-19 patients.METHODS: This was an adaptive, controlled, multicenter, randomized, double-blind clinical trial involving mild-to-moderate COVID-19 patients in Indonesia. The participants were divided into 2 groups: the control group (standard COVID-19 treatment + placebo) and the treatment group (standard COVID-19 treatment + QS). The primary outcome was the efficacy of QS based on clinical status using a 7-point ordinal scale. The secondary outcomes were the efficacy of QS in terms of the incidence and duration of oxygen supplementation, incidence of mechanical ventilation, and length of stay.RESULTS: No significant difference in the efficacy parameters studied was found between the control group and the treatment group. The difference in the mean oxygen saturation was also measured and the results showed a significant difference where the treatment group had higher mean oxygen saturation than the control group (p=0.001).CONCLUSION: Although not significant, the treatment group showed better therapy outcomes compared to the control group.KEYWORDS: clinical trials, efficacy, quinine, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine","PeriodicalId":22516,"journal":{"name":"The Indonesian Biomedical Journal","volume":"41 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138979727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}