European Journal of Health Sciences最新文献

{"title":"PREVALENCE OF PATHOGENIC ENTERIC BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH DIARRHOEA IN CHILDREN OF UNDER FIVE YEARS AND THEIR SENSITIVITY TO ANTIBIOTICS IN UNGUJA ISLAND, ZANZIBAR","authors":"M. Omar, Es Kigadye, S. Massomo, S. Mchenga, Burhani Simai","doi":"10.47672/EJHS.421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/EJHS.421","url":null,"abstract":"Background:  Diarrhoea is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among children in developing countries and resistance of bacteria is a global problem.Objective: The present study in Unguja Island, Zanzibar, aimed at determining the prevalence and identity of pathogenic enteric bacteria associated with diarrhoea in children under five years and to assess the resistance of these bacteria to antibiotics.Methodology: A cross sectional quantitative study was conducted, a total of 319 stool samples were collected. The prevalence and identity of pathogenic enteric bacteria were determined through conventional methods and antimicrobial resistance by the Kirby-Bauer antibiotic testing method.Results: The prevalence isolates were; Shigella spp. In 41.5%, Salmonella spp.(29.3%), Vibrio parahaemolyticus(13.1%) and pathogenic E. coli (16.2%). Pathogenic enteric bacteria were commonly more resistant to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, Erythromycin, Tetracycline and Ampicillin but were less resistant to Ciproflaxin, Gentamycin, and Chloramphenicol respectively.Conclusion: The results indicated that the prevalence of pathogenic enteric bacteria was high and often they were resistant to antibiotics commonly used to treat diarrhoea in children under five years in Zanzibar. We therefore recommend reviewing of guidelines for treatment of childhood diarrhoea, promote health education, scale up vaccination campaign and regulate the use of antimicrobials to prevent further development of antibiotic resistance.","PeriodicalId":224837,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122557546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SONOGRAPHIC INCIDENCE OF CHOLELITHIASIS IN THE INDIVIDUAL WITH POSITIVE FAMIL HISTORY","authors":"Z. Iqbal, M. Javaid, Midrarullah Khan, M. Zubair, Noraiz Ali, R. Bacha, M. Yousaf","doi":"10.47672/EJHS.420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/EJHS.420","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The incidence of Cholelithiasis is definitely recognized through propelling ages, as gallbladder stones are unordinary in individuals more young then 30 years for the most part with the recurrence running from 10 to 20% of the aggregate population. It represents a major burden for healthiness global and are one of the most widely recognized issue presenting to emergency room. Ultrasound is perceived as the highest quality level for diagnosing gallstones.Objectives: The present study was aims to establish the sonographic incidence of Cholelithiasis in the individual with positive family history.Material and Method: The Cross sectional study was included 130 patients. This study was conducted at the Department of Radiology in Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar, Pakistan. The duration of study was from 15 July to 15 October 2019. Data was analysis by Statistical Software for Social Sciences “SPSS version 24”. Results: Overall 130 patients included in this study. Out of 130, female individuals was 85(65.4%) and male 45(34.6%). Epigastric pain was in all individuals 130(100%). Out of 130 patients, gallstones found in 76(58.4%) patients, in which males are 21(16.2%), females 55(42.3%) and the remaining 54(41.5%) patients had no stone. In 130 patients, 37(28.5%) had positive family history and 93(71.5%) negative family history.Conclusion: It is suggested that all individuals who have epigastric pain should go through process of ultrasonography. The overall prevalence of gallstone disease was 28.5%. The occurrences of gallbladder stones were revealed several folds elevated in female while contrast with male.","PeriodicalId":224837,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114166832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE ACCURACY OF LIQUID BASE PAP SMEAR VS CONVENTIONAL PAP SMEAR CYTOLOGY","authors":"K. Alama, A. Abakar","doi":"10.47672/EJHS.414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/EJHS.414","url":null,"abstract":"The main aim of the present study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of Liquid base versus Conventional smears (CS). The specific objective was to evaluate and compare efficacy liquid base cytology with conventional cytology (CS) as a screening tool and to assess the quality of immunohistochemical stain in conventional smears. A prospective study including 100 cervical samples over a period of six month. Split sample was obtained using cervex-brush. CS was prepared from the brush and the brush head was suspended in the LBC vial and processed by thin prep 5000 machine. The smears were stained with Pap stain and extra five conventional and thin prep slides prepared and stained with immunomarker. Results showed that there were 4.0% unsatisfactory (U/S) cases in CS and 1.0% in LBC; the main cause was ranging between obscuring blood and inflammation in CS and low squamous cellularity in LBC. About 5% split samples had epithelial abnormalities both in CS and LBC (3% atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS), devided between LBS 2% while CS1%.Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) 2%, devided between LBC 1% and CS 1%. Infections as Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) and spores of candida species, 1% and 2% respectively detected only in LBC smear and missed in CS preparations of the same samples, considering 2-3 minutes for LBC screening and 5-6 minutes for CS screening following the international standards. Conventional smears did not appear to confer a cytomorphological advantage and has a lower diagnostic accuracy using IHC. The sensitivity of Thin Prep was significantly higher than that of CS due to cellular clumps and presence of marked inflammatory cells and blood which compete other epithelial cellular elements in staining affinity in addition to the length of the smear which need large volume of stains to cover the whole area. While the confined area of thin prep smear and homogenous cellular distribution support the advantages of thin prep over the conventional smear when using IHC stain. The study concluded that LBC technique leads to significant reduction of U/S rate. LBC samples offered better clarity, uniform spread of smears, less time for screening and better handling of hemorrhagic and inflammatory samples. In addition to feasibility to do further special stains and HPV tests. LBC had equivalent sensitivity and specificity to CS.","PeriodicalId":224837,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127696727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OBESITY: IMPROVING ACCESS TO FACILITIES FOR EXERCISE AMONG FORMAL SECTOR EMPLOYEES IN KENYA","authors":"Joshua Ongwae","doi":"10.47672/EJHS.394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/EJHS.394","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This systematic review addresses the challenges of lack of access to facilities for exercise among employees working in the formal sector in Kenya. It identifies the causes of the problem and summarizes the best available evidence of the most promising options to address the problem.Methodology: A systematic approach was used in conducting literature review. The selection criteria for the papers were based on relevance of the paper and applicability to the context of study. At the initial stages, the investigations were limited to Pubmed and Hinari academic data bases for academic journals on the subject. When the databases did not yield adequate results, other search engines were used. Google and google scholar provided relevant articles. In order to get the best results which are relevant to the policy brief subject, terminologies and key words were used in the search. The following search terms were run in the two databases: ‘Workplace Obesity’, ‘Obesity and exercise at the workplace’, ‘Physical Activity in the Workplace’, Workplace and obesity’ and ‘workplace gyms’. A database was created in which the source of the literature identified and reference details of the search were stored. My search yielded 122 records of which 85 records remained after duplicates were removed. 60 records were screened and at the end 25 records were included in the final analysis. Findings: Obesity can have a huge impact in workplaces because it affects employees’ productivity. Ultimately, it affects the organizations’ bottom-line. This policy brief acknowledges that both the employee and the employer have a role to play in promoting utilization and access to facilities for exercise at the workplace.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Employees need to have sufficient knowledge about the benefits of engaging in physical. The employer needs to put policies and systems in place to promote access to facilities for exercise at the workplace. Such systems should include appointing Wellness coordinators and sensitizing the Human Resources personnel of their organizations about the advantages of having healthy employees.","PeriodicalId":224837,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125959585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FEMALE SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION. UNSPOKEN TRUTH? HYDERABAD SINDH BASED STUDY","authors":"I. Shaikh, Naila Masood, K. Shaikh","doi":"10.47672/EJHS.405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/EJHS.405","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sexual cycle is complex and have so many phases. There are desires that initiates sex , which  occur with or without stimulus. Sexual dysfunction is a problem that occurs during the sexual response cycle that inhibits person from sexual satisfaction .It is difficult to estimate the prevalence of sexual dysfunction in women because of religious grounds, natural shyness, illiteracy, and unawareness of sexual education.Objective: To determine female sexual dysfunction in non-diabetic young female of Hyderabad, and to enhance awareness of this taboo problem in women.Material and methods: This cross-sectional   questionnaire based study includes 276 married non diabetic females, enrolled   by non-probability convenience sampling from OPD of private clinics of sadder Hyderabad. Study was conducted in l accordance with the guidelines for Declaration of Helsinki and data was collected after obtaining participants consents. All women were interviewed according to questionnaire designed in local aspects by modifying female sexual scale which contained 19 different questions, most of them having score from 1 to 5 or -1 to -5. This scale has been modified in local languages in Urdu and Sindhi. All data was entered and analyzed using statistical package for social sciences version 22.0.Results: The mean age was 23±9.5 years, mean BMI  was 24±5.5, mean duration of marriage was5.6±4.3 years, (24%) didn’t  conceived after 2 years of marriage.(55%) had 2 or more  children, Contraceptives user were 24±5.6 Pain  was experienced during coitus  by (15%), decreased desire in (20%),decreased secretion during foreplay in (15%) lack of orgasm in (30%) and arousal failure in (10% )and only (10%) had mixed disorder.(30%) had orgasm failure score of 25 and p value adjusted with age 0.03, arousal failure was in 10% but score was very low -10, p value was0.04.Conclusion: Awareness and decreasing shyness barriers of sexuality are increasing among the women.  Women are seeking a sexual solution, which is the first step toward proper treatment plan.","PeriodicalId":224837,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132029296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 pandemic and its implications on elimination of hepatitis by 2030: Current and future prospects","authors":"M. Kamran, W. Jafri","doi":"10.47672/ejhs.703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47672/ejhs.703","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of this paper was to discuss the challenges and difficulties faced by health agencies in meeting the WHO objective of eliminating hepatitis amid the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, this paper also elucidates the various solutions to these problems, so that a realistic way forward can be determined in order to deal with this chronic problem in an effective and timely manner.     \u0000Methodology: This was a theoretical paper. \u0000Findings: The present world is witnessing an unprecedented global calamity in the form of COVID-19 pandemic. The impact of the contagion is so immense and wide-spread that it has practically brought the best economies and healthcare systems of the world to the verge of collapse. With the entire world focusing on the pandemic itself and its consequences, the emphasis on other major health issues has dwindled considerably. One of those essential and magnanimous tasks is the universal campaign for the elimination of hepatitis. The Global Health Sector Strategy (under the umbrella of WHO) has identified five key areas in which significant efforts are required in order to eliminate hepatitis from the world by 2030, which will be discussed in detail in this paper. \u0000Recommendations: Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, a targeted effort is required by health agencies and other stake holders in order to eliminate hepatitis from the world by 2030. This would include satellite (point of care) testing for chronic viral hepatitis, application of telecommunications technology for treatment and follow-up, and practically educating primary care physicians to treat non-emergent and uncomplicated cases instead of referring them to specialist clinic.","PeriodicalId":224837,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"11 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125009852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}