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Robust Sensor for Broadband Permittivity Measurements at 110-170 GHz 用于110-170 GHz宽带介电常数测量的鲁棒传感器
2021 13th International Conference on Electromagnetic Wave Interaction with Water and Moist Substances (ISEMA) Pub Date : 2021-07-26 DOI: 10.1109/ISEMA49699.2021.9508297
F. Daschner, M. Höft
{"title":"Robust Sensor for Broadband Permittivity Measurements at 110-170 GHz","authors":"F. Daschner, M. Höft","doi":"10.1109/ISEMA49699.2021.9508297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMA49699.2021.9508297","url":null,"abstract":"For many upcoming technical applications in the frequency range of mm waves it is important to know the permittivity of the materials used. Therefore it must be possible to measure them. However, the smaller the wavelength, the greater the cross sensitivity with respect to the mechanical dimensions. In this article the use of a simple and robust arrangement as a sensor for measuring the permittivity of materials is discussed. To be able to measure pasty and liquid materials, a rectangular waveguide is sealed at the aperture with an adhesive tape. The sensitivity to variations of the permittivity and the loss factor tan δ is investigated by simulations. An attempt is then made to use these data to calibrate a prototype sensor and to interpret different measurements with liquids.","PeriodicalId":224651,"journal":{"name":"2021 13th International Conference on Electromagnetic Wave Interaction with Water and Moist Substances (ISEMA)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131156372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Microwave investigation of the drying behavior of CA-cement bonded refractory monolithics ca水泥粘结耐火单体干燥性能的微波研究
2021 13th International Conference on Electromagnetic Wave Interaction with Water and Moist Substances (ISEMA) Pub Date : 2021-07-26 DOI: 10.1109/ISEMA49699.2021.9508273
Thekla Stein, O. Krause, M. Höft
{"title":"Microwave investigation of the drying behavior of CA-cement bonded refractory monolithics","authors":"Thekla Stein, O. Krause, M. Höft","doi":"10.1109/ISEMA49699.2021.9508273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMA49699.2021.9508273","url":null,"abstract":"Cement bonded refractory monolithics are typically used in the field of industrial high temperature treatment of products between 600 °C and 2000 °C. Calcium aluminate (CA) cement is used in low concentrations to obtain a primary green strength after the addition of water. The formation CA-hydrate phases ensure a safe installation. However, before the first use of these linings it is necessary to remove the hydrate bond and the residual pore water quantitatively to avoid serious damages due to an explosive expansion of water when water steam is formed. The water expulsion is a complex process consisting of different subsequent stages in the temperature range, of 250 °C to 650 °C that firstly starts with the dry-out of pore water and ends with the decomposition of the most stable hydrate phases. At present state of art refractory linings are dried during the first heat-up of the furnaces whereat the temperature increase is very shallow until 700 °C. The major drawback of the procedure is that it is based on empirical values that include a safety coefficient. In consequence the procedure is not optimized in terms of time, energy consumption and in consequence in CO2 emission. Microwave moisture measurements could fill this gap, because microwaves are sensitive to humidity and hence this method could be used to determine, contact free, the decomposition temperatures of the hydrate phases and the total dry out of the material. In this paper we report on our first experience how microwave measurements could be applied to investigate the drying behavior that is related to the decomposition of the hydrate phases in the temperature field between 250 °C and 650 °C.","PeriodicalId":224651,"journal":{"name":"2021 13th International Conference on Electromagnetic Wave Interaction with Water and Moist Substances (ISEMA)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130154004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
High Precision and Range of Concentration Measurement for Sediment-Water Mixture based on Time Domain Reflectometry 基于时域反射法的沉积物-水混合物浓度高精度范围测量
2021 13th International Conference on Electromagnetic Wave Interaction with Water and Moist Substances (ISEMA) Pub Date : 2021-07-26 DOI: 10.1109/ISEMA49699.2021.9508295
Chih‐Ping Lin, Y. Ngui, I-Ling Wu, C. Chung, Wan-Ting Lin
{"title":"High Precision and Range of Concentration Measurement for Sediment-Water Mixture based on Time Domain Reflectometry","authors":"Chih‐Ping Lin, Y. Ngui, I-Ling Wu, C. Chung, Wan-Ting Lin","doi":"10.1109/ISEMA49699.2021.9508295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMA49699.2021.9508295","url":null,"abstract":"Concentration measurement of sediment-laden flow is crucial in studying river morphology, impact of climate change on sediment yield from watershed, reservoir sedimentation management, and ecological impact. Suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in above applications ranges from sub 1g/L (1000 ppm) in natural streams to over 500 g/L (500,000 ppm) in dredging production. Particle size dependency is also an issue on top of the challenge to meet such a wide measurement range for any measurement technique. Dielectric-based method is recently developed to overcome these challenges using time domain reflectometry (TDR) technique. This study aimed to enhance the measurement precision and range through an advanced signal processing technique and a rigorous frequency-dependent dielectric mixing model. Probe and material factors were investigated to rationalize the necessary calibration. Experiments on both the lower SSC range and high SSC range verify the excellent performance of TDR method for SSC measurements.","PeriodicalId":224651,"journal":{"name":"2021 13th International Conference on Electromagnetic Wave Interaction with Water and Moist Substances (ISEMA)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124919801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Dispersion Errors in Time Domain Reflectometry 时域反射测量中的色散误差
2021 13th International Conference on Electromagnetic Wave Interaction with Water and Moist Substances (ISEMA) Pub Date : 2021-07-26 DOI: 10.1109/ISEMA49699.2021.9508269
I. Woodhead, A. Tan, K. Eccleston, I. Platt, David Rankin
{"title":"Dispersion Errors in Time Domain Reflectometry","authors":"I. Woodhead, A. Tan, K. Eccleston, I. Platt, David Rankin","doi":"10.1109/ISEMA49699.2021.9508269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMA49699.2021.9508269","url":null,"abstract":"Measurement of moisture content in a range of materials commonly uses time domain reflectometry and a transmission line surrounded by the material under test. The approach uses propagation time on the transmission line as a surrogate for permittivity and hence moisture content. However frequency dispersion that is caused by radiation from the transmission line can induce errors when using conventional methods for calculating the propagation delay. We show a relative permittivity discrepancy of 0.6 when measuring a material with a permittivity of 9. We observe that empirical calibration may remove this error, describe a adaptation of the conventional tangent method for calculating propagation time, and propose a theoretical approach.","PeriodicalId":224651,"journal":{"name":"2021 13th International Conference on Electromagnetic Wave Interaction with Water and Moist Substances (ISEMA)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123854624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Attenuation-only Method for Moisture Sensing in Granular Materials 颗粒材料中水分传感的仅衰减方法
2021 13th International Conference on Electromagnetic Wave Interaction with Water and Moist Substances (ISEMA) Pub Date : 2021-07-26 DOI: 10.1109/ISEMA49699.2021.9508270
S. Trabelsi, M. Lewis
{"title":"Attenuation-only Method for Moisture Sensing in Granular Materials","authors":"S. Trabelsi, M. Lewis","doi":"10.1109/ISEMA49699.2021.9508270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMA49699.2021.9508270","url":null,"abstract":"A method for nondestructive moisture content determination in granular materials from measurement of attenuation only at microwave frequencies is proposed. For purpose of illustration, the measurements were carried out on wheat, corn, and soybeans at room temperature (23 °C) for frequencies ranging from 7 GHz to 12 GHz with a free-space transmission technique. Linear correlations between attenuation and moisture content provided moisture content were identified. For each material and each frequency moisture content calibration equations were established. At each frequency, performance of these equations in moisture prediction from attenuation measurement were evaluated by calculating the standard error of calibration (SEC). Values of the SEC ranged from 0.34% to 1.45%.","PeriodicalId":224651,"journal":{"name":"2021 13th International Conference on Electromagnetic Wave Interaction with Water and Moist Substances (ISEMA)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117179593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Activities in imaging through fog at CD6: polarimetric imaging 在CD6处通过雾成像的活动:偏振成像
2021 13th International Conference on Electromagnetic Wave Interaction with Water and Moist Substances (ISEMA) Pub Date : 2021-07-26 DOI: 10.1109/ISEMA49699.2021.9508284
Sara Peña-Gutiérrez, Maria Ballesta-Garcia, S. Royo
{"title":"Activities in imaging through fog at CD6: polarimetric imaging","authors":"Sara Peña-Gutiérrez, Maria Ballesta-Garcia, S. Royo","doi":"10.1109/ISEMA49699.2021.9508284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMA49699.2021.9508284","url":null,"abstract":"The CD6 has recently developed a powerful line of research on polarimetric imaging. This field covers several applications in which the addition of polarization properties enables to enhance the contrast in detection. Moreover, recent literature states the possibility of using polarization illumination and detection to improve the range detection in turbid media such as fog, dust or smoke. This paper addresses the optical engineering behind the detection of polarization imaging and sets the basis of using polarization as a tool in detecting through fog.","PeriodicalId":224651,"journal":{"name":"2021 13th International Conference on Electromagnetic Wave Interaction with Water and Moist Substances (ISEMA)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130262159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Impact of the cation exchange capacity on dielectric relaxation spectra of water saturated clays 阳离子交换容量对水饱和粘土介电弛豫谱的影响
2021 13th International Conference on Electromagnetic Wave Interaction with Water and Moist Substances (ISEMA) Pub Date : 2021-07-26 DOI: 10.1109/ISEMA49699.2021.9508335
Felix Schmidt, N. Wagner, Solveig Landmark, J. Bumberger
{"title":"Impact of the cation exchange capacity on dielectric relaxation spectra of water saturated clays","authors":"Felix Schmidt, N. Wagner, Solveig Landmark, J. Bumberger","doi":"10.1109/ISEMA49699.2021.9508335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMA49699.2021.9508335","url":null,"abstract":"Clay is a key mineral phase in soil science and geotechnical engineering due to its ubiquitous appearance in soils and sedimentary rocks. Under moist conditions exchangeable cations at clay mineral interfaces dissociate and form an electrostatic double layer. Hence, clay dielectric relaxation spectra contain valuable information of the material due to strong contributions by interactions between aqueous pore solution and mineral phases. Against this background, dielectric relaxation spectra of kaoline, illite and two bentonites were measured at water saturation with network analyzer technique in the frequency range from 1 MHz to 5 GHz. To relate physicochemical material parameters such as cation exchange capacity or specific surface area to the dielectric relaxation behavior, measured dielectric relaxation spectra were parameterized by a generalized fractional dielectric relaxation model (GDR), a mixture model in combination with a Cole-Cole relaxation function (augmented broadband complex dielectric mixture model - ABC-M) and a theoretical mixture equation (complex refractive index model CRIM). The spectra show clear signatures of the dominated clay mineral. There is evidence that relaxation parameters of the low frequency dispersion in terms of relaxation strength and apparent direct current conductivity are closely related to the cation exchange capacity.","PeriodicalId":224651,"journal":{"name":"2021 13th International Conference on Electromagnetic Wave Interaction with Water and Moist Substances (ISEMA)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130550962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Activities in imaging through fog at CD6: polarized light propagation modelling CD6处雾成像活动:偏振光传播模型
2021 13th International Conference on Electromagnetic Wave Interaction with Water and Moist Substances (ISEMA) Pub Date : 2021-07-26 DOI: 10.1109/ISEMA49699.2021.9508301
Maria Ballesta-Garcia, Sara Peña-Gutiérrez, S. Royo
{"title":"Activities in imaging through fog at CD6: polarized light propagation modelling","authors":"Maria Ballesta-Garcia, Sara Peña-Gutiérrez, S. Royo","doi":"10.1109/ISEMA49699.2021.9508301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMA49699.2021.9508301","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, in CD6, a new line of research devoted to polarimetric imaging is being developed. The use of polarization adds new information that is not reachable using other conventional imaging modes. In addition, recent literature explores the capability of using polarized illumination and detection to extend the range and enhance image contrast in turbid media such as fog, dust or smoke. Different computational and experimental tools are presented, in order to study polarized light behavior when propagating through foggy media.","PeriodicalId":224651,"journal":{"name":"2021 13th International Conference on Electromagnetic Wave Interaction with Water and Moist Substances (ISEMA)","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130692845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
An NMR tomograph for building materials- applications, experimental studies and limitations - 建筑材料的核磁共振层析成像。应用，实验研究和局限性
2021 13th International Conference on Electromagnetic Wave Interaction with Water and Moist Substances (ISEMA) Pub Date : 2021-07-26 DOI: 10.1109/ISEMA49699.2021.9508330
Thilo Bintz, S. M. Nagel, Ludwig Stelzner, Robert Lauinger, W. Schmidt, S. Kruschwitz
{"title":"An NMR tomograph for building materials- applications, experimental studies and limitations -","authors":"Thilo Bintz, S. M. Nagel, Ludwig Stelzner, Robert Lauinger, W. Schmidt, S. Kruschwitz","doi":"10.1109/ISEMA49699.2021.9508330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMA49699.2021.9508330","url":null,"abstract":"1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) offers many possibilities for non-destructive testing of rocks and building materials. Especially NMR relaxometry allows to determine moisture contents and to get valuable information on pore space characteristics. With the technical opportunity to measure the NMR signal in different depths, it even enables the detection of moisture ingress and transport, which are common reasons for degradation processes. In this paper, we therefore present an NMR tomograph designed for rock cores and building materials. As this tomograph is still a unique measuring device and in use for less than 2 years now, we performed series of systematic measurements to address its technical possibilities and limitations. Furthermore, we also show some results of ongoing laboratory studies.","PeriodicalId":224651,"journal":{"name":"2021 13th International Conference on Electromagnetic Wave Interaction with Water and Moist Substances (ISEMA)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122052695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Time domain reflectometry to monitor in-situ drying behavior of calcium sulfate foam 时域反射法监测硫酸钙泡沫的原位干燥行为
2021 13th International Conference on Electromagnetic Wave Interaction with Water and Moist Substances (ISEMA) Pub Date : 2021-07-26 DOI: 10.1109/ISEMA49699.2021.9508271
F. Bonitz, Ralf Wagner, Heike Dreuse, Hans-Werner Zier
{"title":"Time domain reflectometry to monitor in-situ drying behavior of calcium sulfate foam","authors":"F. Bonitz, Ralf Wagner, Heike Dreuse, Hans-Werner Zier","doi":"10.1109/ISEMA49699.2021.9508271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMA49699.2021.9508271","url":null,"abstract":"The calcium sulfate foam (SULFOAM) building material was developed during a research project and needed to be characterized regarding to its in-situ drying behavior. For this reason, the dielectric properties in dependence of volumetric water content have been determined between 50 MHz and 5 GHz with coaxial cell measurement method. After this, a time domain reflectometry (TDR) measurement setup was developed and integrated in three different test walls. From this data permittivity and volumetric water content of SULFOAM are calculated via different approaches and related to the frequency spectra. Finally, it will be shown that spatial changes along the sensor cable make moisture transfer and drying behavior visible. The measurements helped to understand the material behavior for different use cases and provided the skilled in the art with a valid tool for the assessment of the material.","PeriodicalId":224651,"journal":{"name":"2021 13th International Conference on Electromagnetic Wave Interaction with Water and Moist Substances (ISEMA)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124014915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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