E. Andrade, I. S. Alves, Ana Carolina Lodi Lobato, R. Stenders, R. C. Curzio, C. E. S. Bonfim
{"title":"Life-shortening effects of radiological weapons in military operations","authors":"E. Andrade, I. S. Alves, Ana Carolina Lodi Lobato, R. Stenders, R. C. Curzio, C. E. S. Bonfim","doi":"10.1177/15485129211064265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15485129211064265","url":null,"abstract":"Military operations can present risks whose origins may be unconventional. As an example, we can mention those within the spectrum of chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) defense. This study evaluates, through a computer simulation, an operation in which soldiers face radiological contamination after the triggering of a radiological dispersion device (RDD) in an inhabited urban area. The simulation of the Gaussian scattering (analytical) of the Cs-137 radionuclide is performed using the HotSpot Health Physics codes software. The results of the simulation are evaluated according to two radiological risk domains, referring to high (above 100 mSv) and low integrated radiation doses over 4 continuous days of operation. The radiological risk for developing solid cancer according to specific epidemiological models was estimated. This information served as a basis for estimating the future detriment, that is, the loss of life expectancy (LLE). In addition, the methodology may serve as an instructional resource for tabletop exercises contributing to develop leadership and preparation for decision-making in asymmetric environments.","PeriodicalId":223838,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117270012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The department of defense high performance computing modernization program","authors":"J. Michael Barton","doi":"10.1177/15485129211061743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15485129211061743","url":null,"abstract":"The Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program celebrates its 30th birthday in 2021. It was created to modernize the supercomputer capability of Department of Defense laboratories and test centers and continues to excel in that mission, providing hardware, software, networks and domain expertise. We describe the Program, the environment in which it was created, the people who helped bring it into existence, and future directions.","PeriodicalId":223838,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130992569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vinicius G. Goecks, Nicholas R. Waytowich, Derrik E. Asher, Song Jun Park, Mark R. Mittrick, J. Richardson, Manuel M. Vindiola, Anne Logie, Mark S. Dennison, T. Trout, P. Narayanan, A. Kott
{"title":"On games and simulators as a platform for development of artificial intelligence for command and control","authors":"Vinicius G. Goecks, Nicholas R. Waytowich, Derrik E. Asher, Song Jun Park, Mark R. Mittrick, J. Richardson, Manuel M. Vindiola, Anne Logie, Mark S. Dennison, T. Trout, P. Narayanan, A. Kott","doi":"10.1177/15485129221083278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15485129221083278","url":null,"abstract":"Games and simulators can be a valuable platform to execute complex multi-agent, multiplayer, imperfect information scenarios with significant parallels to military applications: multiple participants manage resources and make decisions that command assets to secure specific areas of a map or neutralize opposing forces. These characteristics have attracted the artificial intelligence (AI) community by supporting development of algorithms with complex benchmarks and the capability to rapidly iterate over new ideas. The success of AI algorithms in real-time strategy games such as StarCraft II has also attracted the attention of the military research community aiming to explore similar techniques in military counterpart scenarios. Aiming to bridge the connection between games and military applications, this work discusses past and current efforts on how games and simulators, together with the AI algorithms, have been adapted to simulate certain aspects of military missions and how they might impact the future battlefield. This paper also investigates how advances in virtual reality and visual augmentation systems open new possibilities in human interfaces with gaming platforms and their military parallels.","PeriodicalId":223838,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124611692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Camilo Hernandez, M. Buchely, J. P. Casas-Rodriguez, A. Maranon
{"title":"Behavior of oil-based modeling clay at medium strain rates","authors":"Camilo Hernandez, M. Buchely, J. P. Casas-Rodriguez, A. Maranon","doi":"10.1177/15485129211049794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15485129211049794","url":null,"abstract":"The modeling clay is an oil-based soft, flowable, and pliable material made from waxes and oils. Besides its primary use for making sculptures, the modeling clay is commonly used to evaluate bulletproof vests and simulate metal manufacturing processes by conformation. In ballistic tests, the clay is used to retain the deformation of the rear face of body armors; and in the study of metal forming processes, it is used as a physical model to provide information on the plastic flow. However, its mechanical dynamic behavior is not entirely understood. In this study, Plastilina Roma No. 1 modeling clay was mechanically characterized using the power-law constitutive model at medium strain rates ( 10 2 s − 1 ) . The material parameters were determined using a penetration model based on the Cavity Expansion Theory and an inverse technique involving the comparison of the model with experimentation. The optimum set of constitutive parameters was found by reducing the difference of the calculated penetration profile and the measurements from a drop test. This optimization process was programmed on the MATLAB–Simulink environment. The determined material parameters were validated by comparing the results from a computational model with three test set-ups. Finite element model results show good concordance with experimental measurements.","PeriodicalId":223838,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125402039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Epidemic Attack on the Aircraft Carrier Theodore Roosevelt: Bridging the Gaps in Emergency Management","authors":"K. Lai, S. Yanushkevich, V. Shmerko","doi":"10.1177/15485129211028659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15485129211028659","url":null,"abstract":"This paper advocates for causal models of the emergency management cycle (EMC) for decision support in epidemic or pandemic scenarios. The model capability is demonstrated for the case of the COVID-19 attack at the NATO flagship USS Theodore Roosevelt in early 2020. Computational intelligence is a reasonable approach for dealing with uncertainties such as low reliability of information and source credibility. The proposed EMC causal models enable the development of countermeasures for epidemiological attacks using the notion of gaps in the four EMC phases: mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. In particular, the EMC problem can be formulated and formalized as bridging the identified technology–society gap, e.g., mitigation of risks and biases; and machine reasoning can be incorporated at any level of the EMC decision-making. Using available real-world data on the USS Theodore Roosevelt outbreak, we show how machine reasoning mechanisms can help the captain to make more reliable decisions in critical epidemiological situations.","PeriodicalId":223838,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133810480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Traumatic brain injury risk assessment with smart technology","authors":"Chiming Huang, Rosa H. Huang, Baniadam Majid","doi":"10.1177/15485129211008529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15485129211008529","url":null,"abstract":"Mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs) continue to burden our warfighters. The high-tech industry has delivered wearable Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) head-impact sensors to monitor impact ...","PeriodicalId":223838,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation","volume":"33 6-7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120929455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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