Paulo Maranhão, L. Andraos, R. Guedes, Eugenio Epprecht
{"title":"Landmine detection via multivariate image analysis","authors":"Paulo Maranhão, L. Andraos, R. Guedes, Eugenio Epprecht","doi":"10.1177/15485129221082048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15485129221082048","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the technological advances in sensors, landmine action still causes many deaths and mutilations in several countries worldwide, and the search for efficient methods to detect mines has become a relevant issue. Thus, this work proposes a landmine detection approach using multivariate analysis of infrared (IR) images. In addition, it is proposed to monitor these images through a control chart to help identify the mine. Experiments following this approach have indicated effectiveness in the detection of landmines, enabling their safe removal.","PeriodicalId":223838,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132478130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Morten Rikard Jensen, Steven Grate, Kshitiz Khanna
{"title":"Fast procedure for vulnerability simulation of armored vehicles","authors":"Morten Rikard Jensen, Steven Grate, Kshitiz Khanna","doi":"10.1177/15485129221078988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15485129221078988","url":null,"abstract":"The presented work discusses performing a V/L (Vulnerability/Lethality) analysis on an armored tank based on an RHA (Rolled Aomogeneous Armour) equivalence. It is shown how the approach works using small examples verified with hand calculations. Other more complex examples include a set of welded plates protecting a HYBRID III 50 Percentile Male ATD (Anthropomorphic Test Device). Considered response parameters are the VAA (Vulnerable Area Assessment) damage maps, expected protection capability plot, and damage area fractions. Furthermore, different V/L analyses of the Russian T-80 tank are displayed. It is illustrated how to apply the concept of explicit finite element models to find the critical RHA equivalent armor thickness at normal impact. It is done with terminal ballistic models for three materials: RHA, Aluminum 5083-H116, and Armox 500T.","PeriodicalId":223838,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133472844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multiple maneuver model of cooperating ground combat troops","authors":"J. Nohel, P. Stodola, Zdenek Flasar, M. Rybansky","doi":"10.1177/15485129221078939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15485129221078939","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes the possibilities of using the Maneuver Control System CZ (MCS CZ) in creating a multiple maneuver of a group of cooperating units. It is a tactical information system designed to support the decision-making of commanders in order to effectively deploy their units on the battlefield. The system evaluates the geographical and hydrometeorological battlefield influences as well as the enemy’s situation to calculate the maneuver axes of a unit composed of up to three teams with the same goal. To verify the calculations of mathematical-algorithmic models of the system, two measurements were performed on model situations. In the first of them, a group of three unmanned systems carried out an attack on an identified delivery system of weapons of mass destruction. The second model situation included a hasty attack by three infantry squads on anti-aircraft equipment. In both cases, the resulting group of maneuvers used the fastest and safe axes of advance, spatially synchronized according to tactical principles. In both cases, the enemy’s weapon systems were quickly attacked and destroyed immediately after their identification from three directions. The commander’s decision-making process was largely replaced by the MCS CZ calculations in model situations, which significantly shortened its duration.","PeriodicalId":223838,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation","volume":"160 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121482944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance analysis of cooperative NOMA system for defense application with relay selection in a hostile environment","authors":"I. Kumar, A. Kumar, Ritesh Kumar Mishra","doi":"10.1177/15485129221079721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15485129221079721","url":null,"abstract":"In the current scenario, where all the services have become online, the demand for increased capacity, low symbol error rate (SER), better data rate, and low latency with high quality of services has been expected from the service providers. Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is the key enabling technology by which all the above requirements could be achieved. In this work, the physical layer security of a cooperative NOMA system has been improved. The present approach of the decode-and-forward (DF) method consists of one base station (BS), N relays, and two users. Here, a two-stage relay method has been proposed, and analytical results are generated to show that this two-stage relay scheme has been found to achieve the lowest outage probability among all possible relay schemes with the highest attainable diversity gain. In a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the asymptotic and closed-form expressions for outage probability have been obtained. The outage probability for N relays is also computed, which shows that the outage probability decreases as the number of relays get increased. Meanwhile, the Monte-Carlo simulation shows that cooperative NOMA with the proposed two-stage relay technique outperforms cooperative NOMA using the traditional max-min approach.","PeriodicalId":223838,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133101954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of combat textile cloth on human radar cross section for microwave camouflage applications","authors":"Renan Richter, Daniel Gonçalves, Newton A S Gomes","doi":"10.1177/15485129221077432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15485129221077432","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes an analysis of the effect of combat textile cloth on human radar cross section (RCS) for microwave camouflage applications. Based on numerical simulations for the definition of the geometric profile of the human body and the measurement of electromagnetic parameters of the fabric, made by cotton and polyester, the work reveals that the uniform has a direct influence on the absorption of electromagnetic waves from a hypothetical ground surveillance radar (9.375 GHz). The results of 360° measuring human RCS showed that it can be attenuated, on average, by approximately 8 dB due to the effect of the material.","PeriodicalId":223838,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130002607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Ravi, G. R. Kulkarni, Samrat Ray, Malladi Ravisankar, V. G. Krishnan, D. Chakravarthy
{"title":"Analysis of user pairing non-orthogonal multiple access network using deep Q-network algorithm for defense applications","authors":"S. Ravi, G. R. Kulkarni, Samrat Ray, Malladi Ravisankar, V. G. Krishnan, D. Chakravarthy","doi":"10.1177/15485129211072548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15485129211072548","url":null,"abstract":"Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) networks play an important role in defense communication scenarios. Deep learning (DL)-based solutions are being considered as viable ways to solve the issues in fifth-generation (5G) and beyond 5G (B5G) wireless networks, since they can provide a more realistic solution in the real-world wireless environment. In this work, we consider the deep Q-Network (DQN) algorithm-based user pairing downlink (D/L) NOMA network. We have applied the convex optimization (CO) technique and optimized the sum rate of all the wireless users. First, the near-far (N-F) pairing and near-near and far-far (N-N and F-F) pairing strategies are investigated for the multiple numbers of users, and a closed-form (CF) expression of the achievable rate is derived. After that, the optimal power allocation (OPA) factors are derived using the CO technique. Through simulations, it has been demonstrated that the DQN algorithms perform much better than the deep reinforcement learning (DRL) and conventional orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) schemes. The sum-rate performance significantly increases with OPA factors. The simulation results are in close agreement with the analytical results.","PeriodicalId":223838,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation","volume":"180 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121263676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Koen van der Zwet, A. I. Barros, Tom van Engers, P. Sloot
{"title":"Promises and pitfalls of computational modelling for insurgency conflicts","authors":"Koen van der Zwet, A. I. Barros, Tom van Engers, P. Sloot","doi":"10.1177/15485129211073612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15485129211073612","url":null,"abstract":"Insurgency conflicts pose significant challenges to societies globally. The increase of insurgency conflicts creates a need to understand how insurgencies arise, and to identify societal drivers of insurgencies or effective strategies to counter them. In this paper, we analyze the contributions of computational modeling methods for the analysis of insurgent conflicts. We formalize a specific literature-based analysis framework using the identified key factors and drivers, which enables the evaluation of specific models in this domain. Through a systematic literature search, we identify 64 computational models to apply our framework. We highlight the development and contributions of various methodologies through an in-depth analysis of 13 high-quality models. The evaluation of these computational models revealed promising directions and future topics to design specific simulation models for all identified factors. In addition, our analysis revealed specific pitfalls concerning validity issues for each of the modeling methods.","PeriodicalId":223838,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121097866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Simulation of chromatic and achromatic assessments for camouflage textiles and combat background","authors":"Md Anowar Hossain","doi":"10.1177/15485129211067759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15485129211067759","url":null,"abstract":"Chromatic and achromatic (AC) assessments of camouflage textiles have been critical to the defense researchers for concealment, detection, recognition, and identification (CDRI) of target signature against multidimensional combat background (CB). AC assessment and camouflage measurement techniques are simulated and experimented for assessment of camouflage textiles against CB. This model has been demonstrated for color measurement spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), digital imaging, hyperspectral imaging, and image processing software (ImageJ) for the advancement and establishment of AC camouflage textiles assessment. The chromatic variations of 48 artificial target objects (TOBs) have been synthesized by image processing; the technique can be implemented for defense CB-CDRI assessment. Microstructural variation versus optical signal of woodland, desertland and stoneland CB materials have been elucidated by SEM magnification. The achromatic variation of CB materials have been demonstrated for the replacement of optical signal against modern remote sensing device to the imaging sensor. Color difference (ΔE), microstructural variations, pixel variations to imaging signal and standard deviation of CB materials have been represented for remote sensing surveillance of defense applications against TOB-CB-CDRI. Technical simulation of color, texture, gloss, and pixel intensity has been derived for AC-CDRI assessment of camouflage textiles in TOBs-CB environment.","PeriodicalId":223838,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116804913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Weight and configuration optimization of the launcher pod using finite element analysis","authors":"Mithilesh Kumar Dewangan, S. K. Panigrahi","doi":"10.1177/15485129211067510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15485129211067510","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the stress analysis of the launcher pod based on optimization of its configuration and weight without compromising its strength and stiffness. The launcher pod assembly is a complex fabricated structure, which is subjected to a variety of dynamic loads during firing of rockets. A series of finite element simulations reveal the critical location of the pod for different loading conditions based on the stress magnitude, which helps to optimize its weight and configuration of the launcher pod. It has been observed that the optimized weight of the given launcher pod after modification of materials and configuration, with the provided materials, loading, and boundary conditions, is reduced by 36.27% (without launcher tubes and rockets) against the initial weight of the launcher pod.","PeriodicalId":223838,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122616569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrew J. Collins, Farinaz Sabz Ali Pour, C. Jordan
{"title":"Past challenges and the future of discrete event simulation","authors":"Andrew J. Collins, Farinaz Sabz Ali Pour, C. Jordan","doi":"10.1177/15485129211067175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15485129211067175","url":null,"abstract":"The American scientist Carl Sagan once said: “You have to know the past to understand the present.” We argue that having a meaningful dialogue on the future of simulation requires a baseline understanding of previous discussions on its future. For this paper, we conduct a review of the discrete event simulation (DES) literature that focuses on its future to understand better the path that DES has been following, both in terms of who is using simulation and what directions they think DES should take. Our review involves a qualitative literature review of DES and a quantitative bibliometric analysis of the Modeling and Simulation (M&S) literature. The results from the bibliometric study imply that demographics of the M&S community are rapidly changing, both in terms of the nations that use M&S and the academic disciplines from which new simulationists hail. This change in demographics has the potential to help aid the community face some of its future challenges. Our qualitative literature review indicates that DES still faces some significant challenges: these include integrating human behavior; using simulation for exploration, not replication; determining return on investment; and communication issues across a splitting community.","PeriodicalId":223838,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128419796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}