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Part I State Obligations and Rights Protected, Ch.II Civil and Political Rights, Art.10: Right to Compensation 第一部分国家义务和受保护的权利，第ii章公民权利和政治权利，第10条:获得赔偿的权利
The American Convention on Human Rights Pub Date : 2022-01-28 DOI: 10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0010
Hennebel Ludovic, T. Hélène
{"title":"Part I State Obligations and Rights Protected, Ch.II Civil and Political Rights, Art.10: Right to Compensation","authors":"Hennebel Ludovic, T. Hélène","doi":"10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0010","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter describes Article 10 of the American Convention on Human Rights (ACHR), which protects the right to “compensation” for persons convicted as a result of a miscarriage of justice. While Article 8 protects the right to a fair trial, the drafters of the Convention have chosen to devote a separate provision to the specific issue of compensation, following the recognition of the principle of criminal legality (Article 9). Although autonomous, the right to compensation for a miscarriage of justice is intimately related to other rights protected by the ACHR, notably Articles 8 and 25 (right to a judge; right to judicial guarantees) and Article 63-1 on reparation for violations of the rights of the ACHR. Article 10 is not included in the list of non-derogable rights under Article 27-2 of the ACHR. This implies that in time of war, public danger, or any other emergency threatening its independence or security, a State Party may take measures derogating from its obligations the provision.","PeriodicalId":22363,"journal":{"name":"The American Convention on Human Rights","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74746612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Part I State Obligations and Rights Protected, Ch.V Personal Responsibilities, Art.32: Relationship between Duties and Rights 第一部分国家的义务和受保护的权利，chv个人的责任，第32条:义务和权利的关系
The American Convention on Human Rights Pub Date : 2022-01-28 DOI: 10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0032
Hennebel Ludovic, T. Hélène
{"title":"Part I State Obligations and Rights Protected, Ch.V Personal Responsibilities, Art.32: Relationship between Duties and Rights","authors":"Hennebel Ludovic, T. Hélène","doi":"10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0032","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter analyzes Article 32 of the American Convention on Human Rights (ACHR). The purpose of Article 32 of the ACHR is to establish a correlation between the rights and duties of the individuals and to emphasize generally the possibility of limiting rights and freedoms under certain conditions. Article 30 deals with the technical aspect of the restrictions' regime, while Article 32 refers on a more philosophical tone to the conditions for implementing the enjoyment of the rights and freedoms of the ACHR in the context of life in society. In this sense, this provision would echo the contract-based approaches of the theories of justice and reminds that human rights are partly grounded in the social contract. The duties and personal responsibilities are the counterparts of the rights and freedoms enshrined in Article 1 to Article 26.","PeriodicalId":22363,"journal":{"name":"The American Convention on Human Rights","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75308894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Part II Means of Protection, Ch.VIII Inter-American Court of Human Rights, s.1 Organization, Article 55 第二部分保护手段，第八章美洲人权法院，第1段组织机构第五十五条
The American Convention on Human Rights Pub Date : 2022-01-28 DOI: 10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0055
Hennebel Ludovic, T. Hélène
{"title":"Part II Means of Protection, Ch.VIII Inter-American Court of Human Rights, s.1 Organization, Article 55","authors":"Hennebel Ludovic, T. Hélène","doi":"10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0055","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter describes Article 55 of the American Convention on Human Rights (ACHR). Article 55 of the ACHR deals with the organization and composition of the Inter-American Court when ruling on the basis of its contentious jurisdiction (Articles 44 and 45 of the ACHR). In particular, a number of rules are laid down concerning the judge of nationality of one or more States interested in the contentious proceedings (“national judge”), as well as the possibility of appointing an ad hoc judge for a specific case. Article 55 is specified in Article 10 of the Statute of the Inter-American Court and in Articles 19 and 20 of its Rules of Procedure. In order to be fully captured, Article 55 must be read in light of other provisions of the Convention, including Article 52, to which express reference is made.","PeriodicalId":22363,"journal":{"name":"The American Convention on Human Rights","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72860466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Part II Means of Protection, Ch.VIII Inter-American Court of Human Rights, s.3 Procedure, Article 69 第二部分保护手段，第八章美洲人权法院，第3段程序，第69条
The American Convention on Human Rights Pub Date : 2022-01-28 DOI: 10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0069
Hennebel Ludovic, T. Hélène
{"title":"Part II Means of Protection, Ch.VIII Inter-American Court of Human Rights, s.3 Procedure, Article 69","authors":"Hennebel Ludovic, T. Hélène","doi":"10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0069","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter addresses Article 69 of the American Convention on Human Rights (ACHR). Article 68 of the ACHR establishes an important rule for the proper administration of justice. It addresses the manner in which the Inter-American Court's judgments are brought to the attention of the parties, that is, through written notification. The latter clarification is not found in the letter of Article 69 itself but is inferred from the Rules of Procedure of the Inter-American Court (Article 67-1 and Article 67-2). Notification is therefore a procedural element which makes it possible to give publicity to the Court's judgments among the parties—Article 69 thus places a procedural obligation on the Court—but it is also closely related to other fundamental provisions of the Convention. In practice, there is a time difference ranging from a few days to two or three months between the time when the Court makes its judgment public erga omnes and the time when it is notified to the parties.","PeriodicalId":22363,"journal":{"name":"The American Convention on Human Rights","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76298697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Part I State Obligations and Rights Protected, Ch.II Civil and Political Rights, Art.9: Freedom from Ex Post Facto Laws 第一部分受保护的国家义务和权利，第三章公民权利和政治权利，第9条:不受事后法律约束
The American Convention on Human Rights Pub Date : 2022-01-28 DOI: 10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0009
Hennebel Ludovic, T. Hélène
{"title":"Part I State Obligations and Rights Protected, Ch.II Civil and Political Rights, Art.9: Freedom from Ex Post Facto Laws","authors":"Hennebel Ludovic, T. Hélène","doi":"10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter addresses Article 9 of the American Convention on Human Rights (ACHR), which enshrines the fundamental principle of criminal legality and is interpreted as a core element of criminal law in a democratic society. The principle seeks to prohibit arbitrariness in the application of criminal law and in punishments, by requiring compliance with criminal law that is pre-established, clear, and precise. As such, Article 9 specifies in the punitive area the general principle of legality at the basis of the legitimacy of power in a democratic society. Article 9 sets out three substantive norms with a view to protecting individuals against arbitrariness of a criminal conviction. These include the affirmation of legality and prohibition of retroactivity for actions or omissions committed (first sentence); the affirmation of legality and prohibition of retroactivity for penalties applied for offences committed (second sentence); and the limitation of the prohibition of non-retroactivity of the penalty when a law subsequent to the commission of the offence provides for a more lenient penalty (third sentence).","PeriodicalId":22363,"journal":{"name":"The American Convention on Human Rights","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76807634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Part I State Obligations and Rights Protected, Ch.II Civil and Political Rights, Art.19: Rights of the Child 第一部分国家义务和受保护的权利，第三章公民权利和政治权利，第19条:儿童权利
The American Convention on Human Rights Pub Date : 2022-01-28 DOI: 10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0019
Hennebel Ludovic, T. Hélène
{"title":"Part I State Obligations and Rights Protected, Ch.II Civil and Political Rights, Art.19: Rights of the Child","authors":"Hennebel Ludovic, T. Hélène","doi":"10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0019","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter investigates Article 19 of the American Convention on Human Rights (ACHR), which protects the rights of the child, and emphasizes their right to “measures of protection” required by their condition as minor. The protective measures must be put in place and implemented by the child's family, society, and the State. Article 19 of the ACHR offers special protection to children because of their vulnerability, which requires enhanced and adjusted measures of protection. As expressed by the Inter-American Court, the special protection due to children is based on their “weakness, immaturity or inexperience,” and special measures are needed to foster “the harmonious development of their personality and the enjoyment of their recognized rights.” The raison d'être of this special protection lies, as the Inter-American Court emphasizes, in the fact that children, unlike adults, progressively exercise their rights, in the sense that their autonomy develops gradually","PeriodicalId":22363,"journal":{"name":"The American Convention on Human Rights","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81864989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Part I State Obligations and Rights Protected, Ch.II Civil and Political Rights, Art.16: Freedom of Association 第一部分国家义务和受保护的权利，第三部分公民权利和政治权利，第16条:结社自由
The American Convention on Human Rights Pub Date : 2022-01-28 DOI: 10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0016
Hennebel Ludovic, T. Hélène
{"title":"Part I State Obligations and Rights Protected, Ch.II Civil and Political Rights, Art.16: Freedom of Association","authors":"Hennebel Ludovic, T. Hélène","doi":"10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0016","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses Article 16 of the American Convention on Human Rights (ACHR), which protects the freedom of association that aims at allowing the establishment of permanent groups. As highlighted by the inter-American organs, especially in their decisions and reports on harassments and killings of human rights defenders, the freedom protected by Article 16 cannot be guaranteed without the effective protection of other rights, such as the right to life (Article 4 of the ACHR), the rights to humane treatment (Article 5), personal security (Article 7), and freedom of expression (Article 13). The structure of the provision is based on three paragraphs whose content is rather similar to Article 11 of the ECHR. The first paragraph affirms and recognizes to “everyone” the right to associate without any interference. However, the right is not absolute, and the second and third paragraphs establish the conditions of restrictions of the freedom: Paragraph 2 indicates the requirements for a restriction to be accepted under the provision (legal basis, necessity of the restriction, and legitimate aims), while Paragraph 3 admits a special limitation status for police and armed forces members.","PeriodicalId":22363,"journal":{"name":"The American Convention on Human Rights","volume":"5 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82478381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Part I State Obligations and Rights Protected, Ch.II Civil and Political Rights, Art.23 Right to Participate in Government 第1部分国家义务和受保护的权利，第2部分公民权利和政治权利，第23条参政权
The American Convention on Human Rights Pub Date : 2022-01-28 DOI: 10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0023
Hennebel Ludovic, T. Hélène
{"title":"Part I State Obligations and Rights Protected, Ch.II Civil and Political Rights, Art.23 Right to Participate in Government","authors":"Hennebel Ludovic, T. Hélène","doi":"10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0023","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter looks at Article 23 of the American Convention on Human Rights (ACHR), which protects the political rights of the citizens, and most specifically their right to participate in government and public life. Article 23 contains two paragraphs. The first one recognizes “rights and opportunities” in favor of “citizens,” which is an exception to the general personal scope of the rest of the ACHR, dedicated to “all persons” under its Article 1. The second paragraph of Article 23 limits the State's margin to regulate these “rights and opportunities” based on a “law” and an exhaustive list of criteria as age, nationality, or mental capacity. Given that it allows citizens to choose their representatives—but also to sanction politically the representatives and the government for their human rights record, for instance—Article 23 can be seen as the fundamental “bridge” between the domestic and the international systems.","PeriodicalId":22363,"journal":{"name":"The American Convention on Human Rights","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82866095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Part I State Obligations and Rights Protected, Ch.IV Suspension of Guarantees, Interpretation, and Application, Art.27: Suspension of Guarantees 第一部分国家的义务和受保护的权利，第四章中止担保、解释和适用，第二十七条:中止担保
The American Convention on Human Rights Pub Date : 2022-01-28 DOI: 10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0027
Hennebel Ludovic, T. Hélène
{"title":"Part I State Obligations and Rights Protected, Ch.IV Suspension of Guarantees, Interpretation, and Application, Art.27: Suspension of Guarantees","authors":"Hennebel Ludovic, T. Hélène","doi":"10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0027","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores Article 27 of the American Convention on Human Rights (ACHR). Article 27 of the ACHR aims to maintain the balance between rights and freedoms of individuals and the safety of the community as a whole in allowing States to derogate from certain rights when it is necessary to face the exceptional circumstances that are threatening the life of the nation. In other words, the exceptional circumstances doctrine aims at preserving the superior interest of the State over the respect of ordinary legality. It is a “safety valve” allowing the States to suspend the exercise of certain rights when there is no other option. Accordingly, Article 27 of the ACHR establishes the rules and conditions of different nature that must be respected by the States Parties when they suspend certain rights.","PeriodicalId":22363,"journal":{"name":"The American Convention on Human Rights","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89074212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Part I State Obligations and Rights Protected, Ch.II Civil and Political Rights, Art.4: Right to Life 第一部分国家义务和受保护的权利，第三章公民权利和政治权利，第4条:生命权
The American Convention on Human Rights Pub Date : 2022-01-28 DOI: 10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0004
Hennebel Ludovic, T. Hélène
{"title":"Part I State Obligations and Rights Protected, Ch.II Civil and Political Rights, Art.4: Right to Life","authors":"Hennebel Ludovic, T. Hélène","doi":"10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780190222345.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter evaluates Article 4 of the American Convention on Human Rights (ACHR), which protects the right to life and aims to regulate the death penalty. The Inter-American Court has held that the right to life is fundamental to the ACHR since the preservation of life and the effective protection of life are prerequisites for the enjoyment of other rights and freedoms. According to Article 27-2 of the ACHR, the right to life shall not be suspended in time of war, public danger, or other emergency that threatens the independence and security of a State Party. It is also protected by the other international human rights norms. An analysis of the human rights treaties reveals that all recognize it, but there is a fairly wide disparity in the wording of the norms. All the instruments also contain specific provisions on capital punishment, a restriction that has long been accepted as a legal restriction on life, which is now tending toward abolition.","PeriodicalId":22363,"journal":{"name":"The American Convention on Human Rights","volume":"32 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89117616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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