J. Folmer, B. Weißenberger, B. Vogel‐Heuser, Heiko Meyer
{"title":"Diagnosis of automation devices based on engineering and historical data","authors":"J. Folmer, B. Weißenberger, B. Vogel‐Heuser, Heiko Meyer","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2012.6489688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2012.6489688","url":null,"abstract":"In automation, the suited scheduled maintenance is one of the keys for plants' operation in order to minimize plants' shutdown. Usually, maintenance is time-interval based or operation-time based to prevent plant shutdowns by means of displacing aged automation devices early. This causes an increasing expenditure due to the fact that the replaced automation devices could be in operation longer and the plant has to be stopped for replacing the device. In this paper we present an approach focusing on combining engineering data and historical process data to extract additional information and applying analysis methods for diagnosis. We introduce how to find cause-effect dependencies of failures during abnormal plant situations to forecast abnormal and critical plant situations.","PeriodicalId":222799,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2012 IEEE 17th International Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA 2012)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133786391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A user space EtherCAT master architecture for hard real-time control systems","authors":"M. Cereia, S. Scanzio","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2012.6489584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2012.6489584","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, the open-source EtherCAT master developed by the IgH company, has been enhanced with the introduction of the EtherCAT library, which allows to develop control applications in user space. This feature makes it possible to build complex applications that need to use the floating point unit or existing user space libraries. Unfortunately, the EtherCAT library does not seem to be able to guarantee a high degree of determinism. In this paper, first the real-time performance of the user space implementation of the EtherCAT master is evaluated and compared with the one that can be obtained by implementing the same control application at the kernel level. Then, we propose an alternative hard real-time approach based on RTAI, that allows to exploit all the advantages of user space development, with a negligible impact on performance.","PeriodicalId":222799,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2012 IEEE 17th International Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA 2012)","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116554435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. J. Cárdenas, F. Giacometto, Antonia García, L. Romeral
{"title":"STLF in the user-side for an iEMS based on evolutionary training of Adaptive Networks","authors":"J. J. Cárdenas, F. Giacometto, Antonia García, L. Romeral","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2012.6489626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2012.6489626","url":null,"abstract":"It is a fact that the short-term load forecasting (STLF) in the user side is growing interest. Consequently, intelligent energy management systems (iEMSs) are including this capability in order to take autonomous decisions. In this context, this paper presents a new STLF scheme based on Adaptative Networks Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS). This ANFIS has an exponential output membership functions (e-ANFIS) and has been trained by means of a novel evolutionary training algorithm (ETA). Due to the computational burden required by ETA, parallel computing was used to eliminate this problem especially for embedded applications. This new scheme has been tested with real data from an automotive factory and it shows better results in comparison with typical adaptative network structures (neural network and ANFIS).","PeriodicalId":222799,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2012 IEEE 17th International Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA 2012)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116885148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Process mining for alarm rationalization and fault patterns identification","authors":"Ricardo E. Kondo, E. Loures, E. Santos","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2012.6489695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2012.6489695","url":null,"abstract":"Industries in general need a reliable system for fault identification and alarm management that operators take effective actions to minimize losses and re-establish the normal condition of the processes. A proposal on alarm rationalization is presented, according to the alarm lifecycle management model suggested by the ANSI/ISA-18 standard and based on a process mining technique. It is investigated the applicability of process mining technique for the identification of abnormal behaviors in order to improve an alarm system through its rationalization. Preliminaries results from simulation studies have demonstrated the feasibility of the present proposal. The results show that the use of the process mining technique can provide support on the alarms rationalization.","PeriodicalId":222799,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2012 IEEE 17th International Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA 2012)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131682746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vania Moreira, A. Ferraz, V. Carvalho, F. Soares, J. Machado
{"title":"Design of a mechatronic system for human blood typing in emergency situations","authors":"Vania Moreira, A. Ferraz, V. Carvalho, F. Soares, J. Machado","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2012.6489707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2012.6489707","url":null,"abstract":"The determination of human blood type in emergency situations is particular relevant. In accordance to this and considering the development of equipment, based on image processing techniques that can determine the blood type in short time, it was designed a medical device capable of being used in emergency situations. This device is constituted mainly by an embedded system (Liliput), for monitoring and processing blood samples with LabVIEW, a CCD camera, as well as additional electronic hardware to promote mixing of the blood samples with test reagents in addition to lighting intensity control for image capture. The obtained results allow including this equipment in health care units, and in mobile vehicles of medical assistance, due to its small dimensions, high speed response, trusted results, portability, low cost and easy maintenance.","PeriodicalId":222799,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2012 IEEE 17th International Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA 2012)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134110211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Stochastic Activity Networks model for the performance evaluation of the KNXnet/IP flow control mechanism","authors":"S. Cavalieri, F. Chiacchio","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2012.6489778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2012.6489778","url":null,"abstract":"KNXnet/IP allows integration of different KNX networks through IP; this is achieved by the use of a particular device called KNXnet/IP Router. Due to the different transmission speeds among KNX network and the IP medium, a flow control mechanism to prevent the congestion of KNXnet/IP Router has been recently foreseen by the standard. In this paper, the authors present some preliminary results about a performance evaluation of the KNXnet/IP flow control mechanism, based on the use of a particular kind of stochastic Petri Nets, called Stochastic Activity Networks (SAN).","PeriodicalId":222799,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2012 IEEE 17th International Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA 2012)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133177698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Using FTT and stars to simplify node replication in CAN-based systems","authors":"J. Proenza, M. Barranco, J. Llodrà, L. Almeida","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2012.6489701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2012.6489701","url":null,"abstract":"Nodes, among the components of distributed embedded systems, exhibit the greatest permanent failure rate. Thus, providing tolerance to nodes faults is mandatory whenever high-reliability is required, being node replication the most common technique for that purpose. This paper proposes a novel technique suitable for CAN-based systems that simplifies existing approaches taking advantage of a star topology and the FTT protocol.","PeriodicalId":222799,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2012 IEEE 17th International Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA 2012)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132113417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Martin Melik-Merkumians, Thomas Baier, M. Steinegger, W. Lepuschitz, I. Hegny, Alois Zoitl
{"title":"Towards OPC UA as portable SOA middleware between control software and external added value applications","authors":"Martin Melik-Merkumians, Thomas Baier, M. Steinegger, W. Lepuschitz, I. Hegny, Alois Zoitl","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2012.6489640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2012.6489640","url":null,"abstract":"Automation systems (ASs) based on Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) are becoming more wide-spread. Due to their inherent property of separating the hardware-specific implementation from the logical work- or control-flow, SOA-based application programming is regarded as the next logical step in AS programming. Several successful attempts for implementing SOA-based AS have been made, but always with non-industrial, non-standard software like Devices Profile for Web Services. Based on the requirements of typical industrial SOA-based AS application, we will show that the industry standard data acquisition software OPC Unified Architecture is capable to serve as a SOA-based middleware.","PeriodicalId":222799,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2012 IEEE 17th International Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA 2012)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130302240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria Luz Alvarez Gutierrez, I. Sarachaga, A. Burgos, Elisabet Estévez-Estévez, M. Marcos
{"title":"A methodological support for designing industrial control systems","authors":"Maria Luz Alvarez Gutierrez, I. Sarachaga, A. Burgos, Elisabet Estévez-Estévez, M. Marcos","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2012.6489740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2012.6489740","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, new methodological approaches using model based engineering principles are necessary for developing automation control systems. This work presents a tool that provides support for the analysis and design phases in order to generate the functional model which is the starting point for the model based development. The tool combines the use of GEMMA (Guide d'Étude des Modes de Marches et d'Arrêts), use cases and GRAFCET (GRAphe Fonctionnel de Commande, Etapes, Transitions). GEMMA is a guide to address the systematically search for all states in which an automated process can evolve and so, it is used to identify the operation modes. Use cases are used to discover the actors that take part in each operation mode, while a set of GRAFCET templates assists in the design of the use cases.","PeriodicalId":222799,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2012 IEEE 17th International Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA 2012)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133843577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Berger, Herbert Prähofer, Christian Wirth, Roland Schatz
{"title":"A tool for trace visualization and offline debugging of PLC applications","authors":"R. Berger, Herbert Prähofer, Christian Wirth, Roland Schatz","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2012.6489785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2012.6489785","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a tool for offline debugging and trace visualization of PLC applications. Based on trace data obtained by a deterministic replay technology for multi-threaded Soft PLC applications, the tool allows visualizing an application run in its various aspects and on various levels of abstraction. Each view shows a different level of detail, allowing the user to dive into the program from high-level views showing abstract program behavior to low-level views showing each executed statement or variable value in detail. With a set of views the tool supports the user to get an overview of the program execution, to identify abnormal program behavior, to discover the causes for program failures, and finally to locate defects in the source code. The paper presents the conceptional background of the approach, shows how program runs can be visualized, and how they can be analysed in detail. Then it demonstrates how the the tool supports a debugging process by an illustrative example.","PeriodicalId":222799,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 2012 IEEE 17th International Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA 2012)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133955060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}