Tectonophysics最新文献

{"title":"Lateral anisotropic gradients in the subslab mantle beneath the Kuril subduction zone detected by observations of quasi-Love wave scattering","authors":"Wei Cheng ,&nbsp;Xiaogang Hu ,&nbsp;Yan Lu ,&nbsp;Xinghui Liang ,&nbsp;Lintao Liu ,&nbsp;Panpan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yufeng Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2025.231066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tecto.2025.231066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The northwestern part of the Pacific plate is subducting into the Kuril trench at high speed, which is expected to result in strong shear on the underlying mantle asthenosphere. However, the splitting measurements in the Kuril subslab mantle reveal complex patterns of seismic anisotropy along the Kuril subduction zone. Love-to-Rayleigh scattered waves (quasi-Love waves) are straightforward indicators of sharp lateral gradients in the anisotropic properties of the Earth's upper mantle (at depths of 100–200 km). Here, we present observations of quasi-Love waves at stations located in Japan from surface waves that sampled the Kuril subslab mantle. Clear quasi-Love waves were diagnosed from 11 earthquakes. The inferred quasi-Love scatterers are located mainly in central and northern Kuril, suggesting the presence of extensive lateral anisotropic gradients in the Kuril subslab mantle, whereas southern Kuril lacks similar anisotropic gradients in the subslab mantle. The lateral anisotropic gradients in northern Kuril may simply reflect the transition from anisotropic subducted slab to mantle flow in the asthenosphere or reflect local toroidal flow around the slab edges, while the lateral anisotropic gradients in northern Kuril may indicate the regions where subslab mantle flow is significantly deflected. Considering the specific slab geometry in and around the Kuril subduction zone, we infer that the detachment of the subducting northwest Pacific slab beneath the Aleutian–Kamchatka junction and the fast slab rollback in central Kuril may be the driving forces for the generation of lateral anisotropic gradients beneath the central Kuril. Our observations of quasi-Love waves provide new constraints on the mantle anisotropy in Kuril.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22257,"journal":{"name":"Tectonophysics","volume":"923 ","pages":"Article 231066"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145894944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Active backthrusting in the hanging wall of the Chelungpu Fault: Structural insights from surface deformation analysis","authors":"Yi-Chun Hsu ,&nbsp;Chung-Pai Chang ,&nbsp;Jiun-Yee Yen ,&nbsp;Chun-Chin Wang ,&nbsp;Chih-Heng Lu ,&nbsp;Nai-Wun Shih ,&nbsp;Shao-Yi Huang ,&nbsp;Yu-Ting Kuo ,&nbsp;I-Chin Yen","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2026.231082","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tecto.2026.231082","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Taiwan lies within an active fold-and-thrust belt along the boundary between the Eurasian Plate and the Philippine Sea Plate, where arc-continent collision drives intense crustal deformation and frequent seismicity. The 1999 Mw 7.6 Chi-Chi earthquake, caused by rupture of the Chelungpu Fault in central Taiwan, brought significant attention to the structural evolution of its hanging wall. To investigate interseismic deformation in this region, we apply Persistent Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PSInSAR) to Sentinel-1 imagery from 2018 to 2021. While the main Chelungpu Fault trace remains locked, PSInSAR data reveal localized uplift and eastward motion along the Hsinshe Lineament and Ailiao Fault. Integrating geodetic velocities, topographic features, field observations, and elastic dislocation modeling, we interpret these structures as active backthrusts associated with variations in the Chelungpu ramp geometry. These findings refine previous interpretations of fault-bend folding and demonstrate that stress transfer from the locked frontal thrust may reactivate secondary structures in the hanging wall. This study highlights the role of backthrust faulting in strain accommodation and illustrates the utility of PSInSAR in resolving subtle interseismic processes within complex thrust systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22257,"journal":{"name":"Tectonophysics","volume":"923 ","pages":"Article 231082"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145995811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controls of temperature on seismic moment released from reactivated faults","authors":"Junpeng Wang ,&nbsp;Agathe Eijsink ,&nbsp;Matthew Roseboom ,&nbsp;Chris Marone ,&nbsp;Jacques Riviere ,&nbsp;Parisa Shokouhi ,&nbsp;Derek Elsworth","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2025.231062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tecto.2025.231062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Induced seismicity is the main uncertainty to safely produce geothermal energy, raising questions as to how applicable known physical laws are at increased temperatures. We explore the impact of elevated temperatures on maximum seismic moments anticipated in induced seismicity. We conduct laboratory reactivation experiments on a single inclined fracture (SIF) at equilibrated temperatures of 23 °C, 78 °C and 137 °C. Fractures are loaded at a constant shear stress of ∼80 % of the peak shear strength with slip activated by fluid injection. Reactivated seismic moments scale linearly with volume injected but decrease by one-order-of-magnitude with incremented temperatures over the range 23–137 °C. We provide a new perspective of temperature influence on fracture shearing – emphasizing the role of fracture properties (stiffnesses) of elastic tangential and normal stiffnesses on the energetics of slip. We use these stiffnesses to define a relationship linking injected volume to the resulting seismic moment. In transiting from 23 °C to 137 °C, tangential stiffness is halved and normal stiffness quadrupled, thus the resulting seismic moment is potentially reduced by a factor of eight – congruent with observations of reactivated seismic moments over the same temperature range. The change in stiffness can be explained by an increasing contact area, which we also observe by P wave measurements. Our results suggest that increased temperature inhibits fault seismicity and the expected maximum seismic moment of induced seismicity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22257,"journal":{"name":"Tectonophysics","volume":"923 ","pages":"Article 231062"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145894840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-mode pre-seismic geomagnetic anomalies reveal potential mechanisms of the August 15, 2007, Mw8.0 Pisco earthquake: Pressure-stimulated rock current","authors":"Busheng Xie ,&nbsp;Lixin Wu ,&nbsp;Licheng Sun ,&nbsp;Youyou Xu ,&nbsp;Akimasa Yoshikawa ,&nbsp;Wenfei Mao","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2025.231065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tecto.2025.231065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates multi-type pre-seismic geomagnetic anomalies observed before the August 15, 2007, M_w 8.0 Pisco earthquake, and proposes Pressure-Stimulated Rock Current (PSRC) as an underlying mechanism. Using time-domain and frequency-domain analyses, the research identifies ultra-low frequency (ULF) emissions and magnetic vector deflections related to the earthquake. Based on the diurnal variation anomalies across multiple stations, a novel algorithm, the Forward Intersection of Magnetic Disturbance Vector (FIMDV), was developed to estimate the location of the seismogenic zone by analyzing the magnetic vector deflection. The FIMDV algorithm integrates the magnitude and directional information of magnetic disturbance vectors to pinpoint rock currents, providing new insights into geomagnetic anomalies and earthquake preparation. The study identifies two key phases of potential PSRC generation: the crack coalescence phase, associated with ULF emissions detected a month before the earthquake, and the crack interconnection phase, which corresponds to diurnal anomalies observed on the earthquake day. The former involves microcrack formation and positive hole activation, leading to varying electromagnetic fields that propagate as low-frequency waves detectable at the ground surface. The latter involves cracks interconnection facilitating the propagation of direct rock currents to the ground surface and inducing stable magnetic disturbance vectors. Geological validation confirmed that the local lithology, rich in silicate minerals, enables positive holes activation and propagation, further supporting PSRC as a driving mechanism of the observed multi-mode geomagnetic anomalies, including diurnal variation, vector deflection, Z/H polarization ratio, and horizontal polarization ellipse.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22257,"journal":{"name":"Tectonophysics","volume":"922 ","pages":"Article 231065"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145894841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detailed structure of upper mantle discontinuities beneath the Pamir-Hindu Kush from the short period regional seismic array","authors":"Yan Xu,&nbsp;Shunping Pei,&nbsp;Xinhua Jia,&nbsp;Chaodi Xie,&nbsp;Mingrui Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2025.231064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tecto.2025.231064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two intermediate-depth earthquakes with moment magnitude 5.8 and 5.3 respectively occurred in the Pamir-Hindu Kush in August 2023. We select three subarrays that exhibit a two-dimensional delta-shaped array response function from a temporary regional short-period array. For each event/subarray pair, the data is slant-stacked and normalized with respect to the initial <em>p</em> phase. Two secondary arrivals, <em>P</em>410<em>p</em> and <em>s</em>140<em>p</em>, bring out the information of the upper mantle beneath Pamir-Hindu Kush area. The reflection depth of the P-wave from the 410-km discontinuity suggests that the subducted cold slab of the Hindu Kush penetrates the discontinuity, uplifting it to a shallower depth as the reflection point approaches the cold core. The deepening trend of the reflection depth along the strike of the Pamir slab is consistent with the model that suggests the splitting of the subducted Pamir slab with its western part abutting against the Hindu Kush slab below 350 km. Our data provide a direct sampling of the boundary zone between the abutted Pamir-Hindu Kush slab and the normal mantle material. We observe a P wave, <em>s</em>140<em>p</em>, that was converted from an upgoing S wave at a depth of 140 km. This <em>s</em>140<em>p</em> phase exhibits a rapid drop in energy within a spatially confined, northwest-southeast oriented area, suggesting a near-vertical velocity boundary.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22257,"journal":{"name":"Tectonophysics","volume":"922 ","pages":"Article 231064"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145894945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Timing of India-Asia diachronous collision: A view from the westernmost Indian margin, Pakistan","authors":"Muhammad Qasim ,&nbsp;Owais Tayyab ,&nbsp;Lin Ding ,&nbsp;Javed Iqbal Tanoli ,&nbsp;Muhammad Awais ,&nbsp;Kamran Tabassum ,&nbsp;Fulong Cai ,&nbsp;Zhang Dingding ,&nbsp;Ishtiaq A.K. Jadoon","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2025.231067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tecto.2025.231067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The India-Asia collision along the western Indian Plate margin remains debated, with contrasting models for the first arrival of Asian-derived detritus in the region. The Sulaiman Fold–Thrust Belt (SFB) in southwestern Pakistan preserves a crucial record of this transition, with the Paleocene to Eocene stratigraphic succession providing insights into sediment provenance shifts. To constrain the collision timing, we analyzed detrital zircon for U-Pb-Hf geochronology, supplemented by petrography and zircon Th/U geochemistry, from Cenozoic sequences exposed in the Mughalkot section, SFB. Detrital zircon age distributions from the Paleocene Dunghan Formation are dominated by ∼500–1100 Ma, ∼1400–2000 Ma, and ∼ 2400–2600 Ma grains, indicating a primary sediment source from the Indian Plate. A similar detrital zircon age pattern in the early to middle Eocene Ghazij Formation suggests continued derivation from the Indian craton. However, a pronounced provenance shift is observed in the lowermost Baska Formation (middle Eocene), marked by the arrival of Late Cretaceous–Paleocene (&lt;100 Ma) detrital zircons, which possess Th/U ratios (&gt;0.3) indicative of an igneous origin. Juvenile Hf signatures of the younger detrital zircons further support their derivation from the Kohistan-Ladakh Arc, which is located between the Indian and the Asian plates in North Pakistan. The arrival of this detritus signals the onset of the India-Asia collision, constrained by the maximum depositional age to post–51 Ma. When compared to northern and central segments of the Himalayan orogen, this suggests a diachronous collision with its later onset in the westernmost region. These findings contribute to the broader framework of India-Asia convergence, supporting models that invoke regional variability in collision timing and foreland basin evolution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22257,"journal":{"name":"Tectonophysics","volume":"922 ","pages":"Article 231067"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145894830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Updated map and insights into emplacement conditions of Ighrem doleritic dyke (Anti-Atlas Mountains, Morocco)","authors":"Mustapha Bouiflane ,&nbsp;Ahmed Manar","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2025.231060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tecto.2025.231060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two long NE-trending doleritic dykes are found cropping out in the Anti-Atlas Mountains. The the Foum Zguid dyke has generated wide interest in geological research because considered as one of the best-preserved products of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province. However, the Ighrem dyke remains relatively less explored owing to the paucity of unaltered rock exposures. In this contribution, we investigate the Igherm dyke from analysis and interpretation of new high-resolution aeromagnetic data to follow its trace and prolongation over large areas lacking surface exposure. Geological interpretation results highlight the geophysical signature of the Igherm dyke which allowed us to propose an updated map of the dyke. This map shows the dyke prolongation farther to the northeast as well as towards the southwest spreading over 270 km. Moreover, the Igherm dyke appears to be fragmented into multiple segments with varying morphology most of them do not reach the surface and reveals a number of different segmentation structures in many locations of the relays between adjacent segments. According to the magmatic and tectonic settings of the Anti-Atlas, we consider that the emplacement of the Ighrem dyke is mainly driven by structural control of pre-existing fractures. However, we assume that additional factors, such as regional structural patterns, change in both the local and the regional stress fields, magma flow conditions and host rock heterogeneities may play roles in whether the intrusion of the dyke reach the surface or be arrested at various crustal levels but also controlling the geometrical form of the dyke.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22257,"journal":{"name":"Tectonophysics","volume":"922 ","pages":"Article 231060"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145845308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-source geodetic constraints on 3D crustal deformation, strain accumulation, and fault locking in the Tianshan Orogen","authors":"Jiangtao Qiu ,&nbsp;Jianbao Sun ,&nbsp;Lingyun Ji ,&nbsp;Liangyu Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2025.231063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tecto.2025.231063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Tianshan orogen, located at the northern margin of the India–Eurasia collision zone, is one of the world's most seismically active intracontinental mountain belts. However, a comprehensive understanding of its crustal deformation, strain accumulation, and fault locking patterns remains limited due to the lack of large-scale, high-resolution geodetic observations. In this study, we integrate Sentinel-1 interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) time-series analysis with regional Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data to reconstruct a three-dimensional (3D) deformation field covering the entire Tianshan range. We apply atmospheric corrections using ERA5 reanalysis and constrain the InSAR solutions with GNSS data to significantly improve their consistency, enabling reliable quantification of crustal motions. Our results reveal pronounced spatial variability in north–south shortening, with rates reaching ∼20 mm/yr in the western segment (75°-79°E) and decreasing to 6–9 mm/yr in the eastern segment (85°-87°E). Uplift rates are higher in the South Tianshan (1.8–2.2 mm/yr) than in the North Tianshan (0.8–1.2 mm/yr), while strike-slip motions are concentrated along the southern foreland. Non-tectonic deformation is also identified, including large-scale subsidence due to groundwater extraction (∼34 mm/yr) and localized oilfield-induced subsidence (∼20 mm/yr). From the 3D deformation field, we derive the strain rate distribution and invert fault locking parameters using a block model with Bayesian optimization. High strain accumulation and strong locking are observed along the Pamir frontal thrust, the Maidan fault (which ruptured in the 2024 Mw 7.1 Wushi earthquake), the south Issyk-Kul fault, the Kepingtag fault (which ruptured in the 2020 Mw 6.0 Jiashi earthquake), and the Qiulitag belt. Our findings highlight the coupled tectonic and anthropogenic processes shaping Tianshan deformation and identify the western Qiulitag as a potential source for future large earthquakes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22257,"journal":{"name":"Tectonophysics","volume":"922 ","pages":"Article 231063"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145894842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reevaluation of geomorphic offsets along the 1920 Haiyuan earthquake rupture, China: A discussion of uncertainties in slip measurements and COPD analyses using high-resolution topography","authors":"Longfei Han ,&nbsp;Wenqian Yao ,&nbsp;Jing Liu-Zeng ,&nbsp;Yann Klinger ,&nbsp;Chengguo Yan ,&nbsp;Peng Wang ,&nbsp;Yanxiu Shao","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2026.231071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tecto.2026.231071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate measurements of coseismic slip distributions derived from geomorphic markers provide essential insights into earthquake rupture dynamics and make a significant contribution to seismic hazard evaluation. With the increased availability of high-resolution topographic data and advanced statistical techniques such as cumulative offset probability distribution (COPD), reconstructing single-event coseismic displacement from cumulative offsets of successive paleoearthquakes has become more feasible. However, assessing the reliability of these methods remains critical. The 1920 <em>M</em>w7.9 Haiyuan earthquake, the most recent major event along the strike-slip Haiyuan fault, serves as an ideal case study due to notable discrepancies in previously reported displacement measurements. In this study, we utilize very high-resolution (0.1 m) topographic data derived from aerial imagery processed via the Structure from Motion (SfM) technique, covering approximately 85 km of the ∼240 km rupture length. Our analysis, based on detailed horizontal slip measurements and COPD calculation, yields a maximum displacement of 7.6 ± 0.8 m for the 1920 Haiyuan earthquake, differing from previous estimates but aligning well with global scaling relationships for strike-slip earthquakes. Our results reveal three COPD peaks in the geomorphic records along the Haiyuan fault. The displacement interval between the two most recent peaks is similar to that of the latest peak, with reduced displacement observed in the western section. These findings suggest that previous interpretations of four to five events may significantly overestimate single-event slip. Comparisons with previous studies underscore the methodological challenges in COPD-based reconstructions, including uncertainties from different slip measurement methods, geomorphic marker interpretations, fault geometry, along-strike slip variability, and the contribution of moderate-magnitude earthquakes to cumulative offsets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22257,"journal":{"name":"Tectonophysics","volume":"922 ","pages":"Article 231071"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145902931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crustal anisotropy and deformation in the Zagros collision belt","authors":"Hamidreza Farkiani,&nbsp;Meysam Mahmoodabadi,&nbsp;Farzam Yaminifard,&nbsp;Mohammad Tatar","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2025.231056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tecto.2025.231056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Iranian Plateau, shaped by the ongoing collision between the Arabian and Eurasian plates, holds a geodynamically significant position within the Alpine-Himalayan belt. Investigating its deformation sheds light on its unique and complex role within this tectonic framework. The subduction of the Neotethys Ocean during this convergence has driven distributed shortening in the Zagros region, giving rise to diverse geological features such as metamorphic zones, magmatic arcs, crushed and elevated areas, sedimentary basins, and fold belts. This study aims to improve our understanding of crustal anisotropy and crustal thickness in the Zagros region. By processing seismic records from regional stations, we have characterized crustal deformation in the upper and lower crust using a two-stage approach. First, the generalized H-<span><math><mi>κ</mi></math></span>-c stacking method was employed to estimate the Moho depth, <span><math><mfrac><msub><mi>V</mi><mi>P</mi></msub><msub><mi>V</mi><mi>S</mi></msub></mfrac></math></span> ratio (<span><math><mi>κ</mi></math></span>), integrated crustal anisotropy, and Moho dip. The thickest crustal sections were identified beneath the northern part of the Sanandaj-Sirjan metamorphic zone (SSZ). Then, a layer-by-layer anisotropy analysis was conducted using curve-fitting techniques on converted Ps phases while accounting for the influence of overlying layers. This revealed distinct anisotropic properties in the upper and lower crust at most seismic stations. Comparing these deformation patterns with prior studies enhances our understanding of both shallow and deep crustal faults. Key findings include evidence of SPO (shape-preferred orientation) in the upper crust, LPO (lattice-preferred orientation) in the lower crust, a lack of vertically coherent integrated crustal anisotropy, potential slab breakoff in northern Zagros, and underthrusting in central and southern Zagros. These results provide fresh insights into the complex tectonic evolution of the Zagros region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22257,"journal":{"name":"Tectonophysics","volume":"922 ","pages":"Article 231056"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145886456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}