Tectonophysics最新文献

{"title":"The improved Moho depth imaging in the Arabia-Eurasia collision zone: A machine learning approach integrating seismic observations and satellite gravity data","authors":"Vahid Teknik","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2024.230553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tecto.2024.230553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Arabia-Eurasia convergences created one of the earth's topographic highs on the Central Tethys collisional belt. Despite the area's geological significance, a comprehensive and high-resolution map of Moho depth has been lacking due to the sparse and uneven distribution of seismically constrained Moho depth data. This study addresses this deficiency by compiling an extensive dataset of nearly 2500 seismically measured Moho depth points from 68 seismic local scale studies, resulting in the development of an updated seismically constrained Moho depth model (S-Moho) at a 0.5° × 0.5° spatial resolution. Despite some coverage gaps in the remote areas, the S-Moho model offers a more detailed view than previously available. To further improve the coverage of the S-Moho depth model, an incremental data-driven approach was employed. Initially, a gravity-based regression Moho depth model (SB-Moho) was developed by correlating S-Moho depth points with corresponding Bouguer anomalies. However, its accuracy was constrained by unaccounted isostatic and non-isostatic components. To address this limitation, a sliding window approach was applied to derive a windowed SB-Moho model (WSB-Moho). Additionally, a machine learning-based Moho model (ML-Moho) was developed using seismic Moho depth points along with 11 predictive variables. Both WSB-Moho and ML-Moho models demonstrated consistent and smooth Moho depth variations. The Zagros region reveals a prominent NW-SE oriented Moho depression (45-60 km thick), attributed to the underthrusting of the Arabian Plate beneath the Iranian Plateau. The models suggest that crustal thickening extends beyond tectonic boundaries, likely influenced by the dip of suture zones. In contrast, the crustal thickening in eastern Anatolia, northwest of the Zagros, is less pronounced, indicating different geodynamic processes. Strike-slip faulting and magmatic activity in this area contribute to a broader distribution of deformation compared to the more localized crustal thickening in the Zagros. In southeastern Zagros, strike-slip faults in central Iran accommodate much of the northward convergence of the Arabian Plate, thereby limiting the extent of crustal thickening.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22257,"journal":{"name":"Tectonophysics","volume":"893 ","pages":"Article 230553"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crustal silica content of East China: A seismological perspective and its significance","authors":"Ziwen Bao ,&nbsp;Xiaohui Yuan ,&nbsp;Wei Li ,&nbsp;Yuan Gao ,&nbsp;Xianliang Huang ,&nbsp;Dequan Hong ,&nbsp;Hongyu Ni","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2024.230554","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tecto.2024.230554","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>East China has experienced multiple periods of tectonic movements, which have contributed to the composition and rheological properties of its present crust. Estimating the composition of the crust is crucial for understanding the tectonic processes. Based on the teleseismic receiver functions with data from the National Seismic Network of China, we applied the H-κ-c method to obtain the crustal bulk <em>V</em>_<em>P</em><em>/V</em>_<em>S</em> ratio and to constrain the SiO₂ content in the crust. We estimated the SiO₂ content to range from 50.89 wt% to 73.51 wt%, with an average value of 65.87 wt%, indicating a predominant felsic composition of the East China's crust. Our study suggests that the North-South Gravity Lineament (NSGL) is an approximate delimitator of the felsic and mafic crust in East China, hinting at a widespread deficiency of mafic lower crust in the east of the NSGL. The mafic crust is extensively distributed in the Taihang orogenic region (TSR) and WuLingshan gravity gradient belts (WLG), particularly in the Datong volcanic area, which manifests the mantle materials intraplating. The scatteredly distributed mafic crust at the east of the NSGL is mainly concentrated in the southeast coast of China and in the intersection region of the Tanlu Fault (TLF) and Sulu region. In Sulu region, the TLF may primarily provide a channel for the thermal intrusion from the underlying mantle lithosphere, which has increased the mafic content. The Pacific/Philippine Sea plate subduction has triggered a significant amount of crust-mantle material exchange below southeast China that resulted in a high degree of mafic crustal composition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22257,"journal":{"name":"Tectonophysics","volume":"893 ","pages":"Article 230554"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geophysical characterization of an alkaline‑carbonatite complex using gravity and magnetic methods at Magnet Cove, Arkansas, USA","authors":"Chelsea M. Amaral ,&nbsp;Andrew P. Lamb ,&nbsp;Gregory Dumond","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2024.230545","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tecto.2024.230545","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Magnet Cove alkaline‑carbonatite complex (MCC), located in the Ouachita Mountains of south-central Arkansas in the United States, hosts an extensive variety of rare rock types and critical mineral resources with physical properties (density and magnetization) that contrast significantly with the sedimentary rocks into which they have intruded. Newly acquired ground-based gravity and magnetic data were used to develop two-dimensional and three-dimensional geophysical models of the Cretaceous-aged Magnet Cove intrusive complex. The models reveal that the MCC: (1) widens out at middle crustal depths to as much 22 km across, and may reach a depth of 20 km; (2) has a total volume (exposed and subsurface) that may be over 800 km³; (3) is likely connected at depth to other intrusions in the Arkansas alkaline province; and (4) has a geometry that is aligned with pre-existing structures such as the Reelfoot rift and the Ouachita orogenic belt, some of which were likely structurally controlled by the Precambrian crystalline basement and the continent-ocean transition zone buried beneath the Ouachita orogen. For the first time, the magnetic models of the MCC account for the presence of strong remanent magnetization. This results in a geophysical workflow necessary to accurately interpret magnetic anomalies over the much larger Arkansas alkaline province, its geologic and structural framework, and critical mineral potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22257,"journal":{"name":"Tectonophysics","volume":"893 ","pages":"Article 230545"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subsurface basement structures of the Usangu basin, East African rift system, with implications for basin structural configuration and hydrocarbon potential","authors":"Edward Pastory ,&nbsp;Gabriel D. Mulibo ,&nbsp;Isaac M. Marobhe","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2024.230544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tecto.2024.230544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Usangu basin is a rift basin developed along the Eastern arm of the East African rift system trending in the NE-SW direction. Although the general structures of the basin have been well studied, the structural configuration of the basin and the spatial and depth variations of sediment thickness are still not well known. This study investigates the structures related basement configuration and the variation of sediment thickness within the basin using the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) Digital Elevation Model (DEM), aeromagnetic and gravity data. Results from DEM data indicate a few lineaments on the basin flanks representing the Usangu and Chimala border faults with no structures in the central part of the basin. The aeromagnetic and gravity data highlight three sets of normal and strike-slip faults, most of which trend NE-SW and others NNE-SSW, while a few trends WNW-ESE or NW-SE. Structures on the southwest of the basin reveal complex patterns attributed to the concentration of important tectonic and seismic activities in the study area. The Euler deconvolution and gravity models used to calculate the depth to the basement show that the basement is shallow in the north and south to southwest, and the basin deepens in the northeastern, northwestern and western parts. The findings also reveal that the basin has two grabens, troughs, depression and intrabasinal basement trending in the same direction as the basin configuration. The general thickness of sediments filling the basin ranges from 3 to 4.5 km, with the maximum accumulation of sediments reaching up to 4.8 km in the two depocenters at the south and southwest of the basin. The depth range of the sediments obtained implies that the basin has potential for hydrocarbon exploration with the possibility of natural gas occurrence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22257,"journal":{"name":"Tectonophysics","volume":"893 ","pages":"Article 230544"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When did the Dead Sea fault become a transform?","authors":"Amit Segev ,&nbsp;Nadav Wetzler ,&nbsp;Uri Schattner","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2024.230543","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tecto.2024.230543","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study re-evaluates the ∼20 Myr development of the Dead Sea Fault System (DSFS) and its tectonic definition as a transform plate boundary. The DSFS conveys sinistral displacement between the Arabian-Sinai plates: ∼105 km along its ∼400 km-long southern segment (Gulf of Aqaba-Eilat to the Hula basin); ∼90 km and 4–16 km along the central and northern segments (∼190 km long each, across Lebanon, western Syria, and southern Turkey). A review of previous studies, combined with new seismological data analysis, associates the northward displacement decline with obstacles along the DSFS propagation path. During the Miocene, DSFS propagated up to the NW-trending Irbid rift (1st obstacle) and splayed NW towards the Mediterranean and NE along the Late Cretaceous Palmyra fold-thrust belt (2nd obstacle). Its reactivation uplifted the Hermon and the Anti-Lebanon mountain ranges. Northward DSFS propagation into the cold and rigid Aleppo plateau lithosphere (3rd obstacle) was stalled until the early Pliocene (∼5 Ma), when volcanism and ongoing regional tectonic forcing enabled the DSFS to shift to the Yammouneh fault and rupture through the Missyaf-Ghab branch farther north (central and northern segments, respectively). During the Pleistocene-recent, connection of the DSFS with the ophiolite belt and East Anatolian Fault System (EAFS) along the Bitlis suture zone (4th obstacle) has not yet been established. Seismological data show a clear separation between the EAFS and the DSFS, while seismicity is scattered across the Aleppo plateau and the central and northern DSFS segments. In contrast, seismicity is localized along the southern DSFS segment. Our findings suggest that, at present, the DSFS has still not made a structural, seismologic, and tectonic connection with the EAFS. Hence, we redefine the DSFS as a pre-transform and suggest its interaction with the EAFS is a world-class example of a fault-fault-fault triple junction in the making.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22257,"journal":{"name":"Tectonophysics","volume":"892 ","pages":"Article 230543"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142552853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic lithospheric model across Ukrainian Shield from the Carpathians to the Dnieper-Donets Basin and its tectonic interpretation","authors":"V. Starostenko ,&nbsp;T. Janik ,&nbsp;A. Murovskaya ,&nbsp;W. Czuba ,&nbsp;P. Środa ,&nbsp;T. Yegorova ,&nbsp;P. Aleksandrowski ,&nbsp;O. Verpakhovska ,&nbsp;K. Kolomiyets ,&nbsp;D. Lysynchuk ,&nbsp;T. Amashukeli ,&nbsp;T. Burakhovych ,&nbsp;D. Wójcik ,&nbsp;V. Omelchenko ,&nbsp;O. Legostaeva ,&nbsp;D. Gryn ,&nbsp;S. Chulkov","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2024.230540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tecto.2024.230540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The SW-NE directed wide-angle reflection-refraction (WARR) SHIELD’21 profile crosses entire width of Ukraine. It targeted the structure of the crust and uppermost mantle in the southwestern part of the East European Craton (EEC), between Carpathians and Voronezh Massif, across Ukrainian Shield and Dnieper-Donets Basin. The ∼660 km-long profile is an extension of the RomUkrSeis profile in Romania and Ukraine. SHIELD’21 experiment, using TEXAN and DATA-CUBE short-period seismic stations, provided high-quality seismic sections from 10 shot points. This allowed construction of a ray-tracing P-wave velocity model, supplemented by V_p/V_s ratio, for the upper part of the lithosphere in the Sarmatia segment of the EEC and constraining geodynamic processes that led to the formation of the Ukrainian Shield and its margins since Archean times.</div><div>The velocity distribution in the crystalline crust indicates a rather uniform structure, with velocity changing from 6.0 km/s near the surface to 6.8 km/s at the Moho. The entire section shows the lack of a high-velocity lower crust (V_p &gt; 6.8 km/s), presumably resulting from delamination of the primitive mafic lower crust during early evolution of a juvenile continental crust. The seismic boundaries in the upper crust reflect a Paleoproterozoic extensional detachment system below the SW flank of Dnieper-Donets rift basin, initiated in the Devonian. At larger depths, a wide dome of the lower crust with velocities of 6.5–6.8 km/s in the SW-central segment of the profile, probably represents an enormous Palaeoproterozoic(?) granitoid batholith. In the southwesternmost part of the profile, the crystalline crust shows exclusively low velocities. The prominent Moho is undulating and varies in depth between 32 and 50 km. It is underlain by high-velocity bodies (V_p: 8.36–8.40 km/s), against the background of 8.16–8.25 km/s in the mantle. The velocity model corresponds with the anomalies of potential fields and zones of high electric conductivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22257,"journal":{"name":"Tectonophysics","volume":"892 ","pages":"Article 230540"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142552852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Present-day incipient fault coalescence at a relay zone (Jiloca extensional basin, Spain): Evidence from instrumental seismicity","authors":"Alba Peiro ,&nbsp;Lucía Lozano ,&nbsp;Luis E. Arlegui ,&nbsp;Juan V. Cantavella ,&nbsp;Sandra Ruiz-Barajas ,&nbsp;José L. Simón","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2024.230541","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tecto.2024.230541","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The relay zones between NW-SE to NNW-SSE striking faults of the Jiloca graben (Iberian Chain) mostly show distributed along-strike fault and fracture patterns. The latter are chiefly controlled by the Late Pliocene-Quaternary regional stress field, and secondarily respond to local controls from inherited structures. Such fracture patterns contrast with the classical models of transverse connecting faults controlled by relay kinematics. North of the Concud fault trace, at the relay zone with the Sierra Palomera fault, an unusually high seismic activity has been noticed since 2014, with magnitudes up to M = 3.5. Upgrading of the National Seismic Network allowed obtaining such new detailed records, while the installation of a new seismometer by the IGN within the study area has improved the reliability of focal depth data since 2017. A high-precision absolute relocation of seismicity from 01/01/2000 to 30/05/2022 has been carried out. The results show that (i) the epicentres are significantly clustered along a nearly N-S trending band, and (ii) the focal depths range from 0 to 14 km, in good agreement with the thickness of the brittle crust. This 3D spatial distribution of seismicity is interpreted as a consequence of activation of either a single fault or a fault zone, nearly vertical and N-S striking. Such structural setting is consistent with the surficial fracture patterns observed at both map and outcrop scale: NNW-SSE and NNE-SSW oriented faults and fractures, orthogonal to the ENE-WSW to ESE-WNW regional σ₃ trajectories, together with NW-SE trending ones controlled by inherited contractive faults. The present-day seismic activity suggests that along-strike, incipient fault propagation at the relay zone between the Concud and Sierra Palomera faults is currently operating under the control of the remote stress field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22257,"journal":{"name":"Tectonophysics","volume":"893 ","pages":"Article 230541"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upper mantle shear velocity structure of the Cathaysia Block and surrounding areas: New insight into deep geodynamics","authors":"Yao Xu ,&nbsp;Qingtian Lü ,&nbsp;Dapeng Zhao ,&nbsp;Jiayong Yan ,&nbsp;Danian Shi ,&nbsp;Yongqian Zhang ,&nbsp;Shuai Ruan ,&nbsp;Zhiwu Xu ,&nbsp;Changxin Chen ,&nbsp;Wenwen Zhang ,&nbsp;Xu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2024.230542","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tecto.2024.230542","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Cathaysia Block (CAB) and its surrounding areas experienced intensive magmatism and mineralization in the Yanshanian period (ca. 200–90 Ma), but their mechanism and deep geodynamics are still debated. In addition, the origin and structures of the Hainan mantle plume are still unclear. To resolve these issues and investigate the large-scale lithospheric thinning and extension in the eastern South China Block, we determine a detailed 3-D S-wave velocity (Vs) model down to 700 km depth by collecting 24,190 S-wave teleseismic data recorded at 164 permanent stations and 125 portable stations deployed in the CAB and surrounding areas. Our results show that high-Vs anomalies exist separately in the study volume. Two high-Vs anomalies appear in the shallow upper mantle and the mantle transition zone, which may reflect the present thin lithosphere and the stagnant Paleo-Pacific slab, respectively. Two other high-Vs anomalies exist in the upper mantle, which may reflect the detached lithosphere and subducting slabs. In contrast, low-Vs anomalies appear widely beneath the CAB, which reflect a tilting magmatic conduit beneath the Wuyishan metallogenic belt (WYMB) and magmatic chambers beneath the Nanling metallogenic belt (NLMB). In addition, our results show that the Hainan plume has a double-layered appearance. Combining our tomographic results with previous multidisciplinary findings, we consider that (1) the subduction and rollback of the Paleo-Pacific Plate may have played different roles in the Yanshanian mineralization of the WYMB and the NLMB; (2) the double-layered appearance of the Hainan plume may be formed due to the influence of plume self-evolution dynamics and pre-existing deep structures; and (3) lithospheric delamination triggered by gravity instability may have occurred beneath the Xuefengshan Mountain in the late Mesozoic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22257,"journal":{"name":"Tectonophysics","volume":"892 ","pages":"Article 230542"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142552767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tectonomagmatic evolution of Pune – Nasik Deccan Dykes: Insights from structure and dimension scaling","authors":"Ragini Kumari,&nbsp;Jyotirmoy Mallik,&nbsp;Garima Shukla","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2024.230539","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tecto.2024.230539","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Deccan Continental Flood Basalt of the Indian Peninsula is characterized by extensive basaltic eruptions ornamented with three spectacular distinct dyke swarms: the Pune – Nasik, Narmada – Tapi, and Western Coastal dyke swarms. Our study area is the Pune – Nasik dyke swarm, which has ∼465 mappable dykes. These dykes exhibit different orientations with a predominant trend of N101° and vary in length from less than 1 km to ∼64 km. These dykes are massively jointed and occasionally contain vesicles filled with secondary minerals like quartz and calcite. The host rock is weathered basalt of various older Deccan flows. In this study, we have calculated magmatic overpressures and magma chamber depths using the aspect ratios (length/thickness) of the dykes. The average estimated source depth is ∼13 km, based on an average Young's modulus for the host rock basalt (E_avg, 7.5 GPa). Additionally, we compared the inferred magma source depths of the Pune – Nasik, and Narmada-Tapi dyke swarms which include the Nandurbar – Dhule, and Pachmarhi dykes of the Deccan Flood Basalt Province. Our findings indicate that the magma chamber source depth is greater in the Pune – Nasik dyke swarm compared with other dyke swarms. The variation in strike distribution of the Pune-Nasik dyke swarm may be attributed to several factors, including a larger magma chamber, local stress fields generated by shallow magma chamber, or the superimposition of tectonic stress fields (N-S and <em>E</em>-W extension) during the emplacement of dykes. This contrasts with the commonly held belief that the dykes are solely connected to a central edifice of the Reunion hotspot.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22257,"journal":{"name":"Tectonophysics","volume":"891 ","pages":"Article 230539"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remagnetisation of the Caerfai Group (lower Cambrian, SW Wales) in hot geothermal fluids during Caledonian (pre-Acadian) metamorphism","authors":"Peter Turner ,&nbsp;Rob Ixer ,&nbsp;Duncan Pirrie ,&nbsp;Matthew Power","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2024.230532","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tecto.2024.230532","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Palaeomagnetic data from the Lower Cambrian red beds of the Caerfai Group in Pembrokeshire, South Wales have been revisited. Original studies all produced closely similar directional data with the combined results yielding a palaeomagnetic pole at 21.8^oS; 355.5°E corresponding to a time of ∼430 Ma when compared with the APWP of Stable Europe and Baltica. The results of this study indicate that remagnetisation occurred during Caledonian metamorphism, prior to Acadian deformation in the area. The magnetic remanence is carried by fine grained hematite distributed throughout the sequence and which appears to have been acquired during the duration of a single chron. This time zone is traditional early Silurian (late Llandovery) and corresponds to the docking of Baltica and east Avalonia with the Laurentian continent. The proposed age of the remagnetisation event is consistent with radiometric ages from epizonal authigenic illites in overlying Middle Cambrian bentonites at Porth-y-Rhaw and elsewhere in the Welsh Basin and other parts of Avalonia including Charnwood block and Brabantia. The Caerfai Group comprises texturally immature litharenites with a mineral assemblage including chlorite, biotite, muscovite, graphite, and epidote consistent with a greenschist facies source area which remains unidentified. A key component of the Caerfai mineral assemblage are magnetite crystals (typically 30–60 μm) deposited during contemporaneous volcanic activity. Deep burial during the drift of Avalonia, indicated by clay transformations and overpressure in the Caerfai Bay Mudstone, was associated with the alteration of iron-bearing minerals and the dissolution of magnetite. During collision of Avalonia/Baltica with Laurentia a geothermal cell with epizonal metamorphic conditions (&gt;300 °C) and fluids enriched in iron, probably in the form of iron chloride complexes was established. The remagnetisation event was triggered when the geothermal cell was cooled, most likely by the infiltration of meteoric water, and the reaction of iron chloride with water produced the widespread precipitation of fine-grained hematite and the formation of a chemical remanent magnetisation (CRM).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22257,"journal":{"name":"Tectonophysics","volume":"891 ","pages":"Article 230532"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}