The Australian Surveyor最新文献

{"title":"Success and Survival in Surveying","authors":"G. Gates","doi":"10.1080/00050326.1997.10440324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00050326.1997.10440324","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In a recent paper to the First Trans Tasman Surveyors Conference held in Newcastle (see Gates, in press) I had the opportunity to address a number of ‘challenges’ that are facing the profession of surveying. I also spoke about personal health matters that face individual practitioners as the profession ages, and the importance of individuals taking responsibility for themselves, in terms of physical and psychological health, before irreparable damage is done with consequences for reduction of life span and quality of life.","PeriodicalId":222452,"journal":{"name":"The Australian Surveyor","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133467468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From the Editor’s Desk: Trans Tasmanisation","authors":"Brian E. Coutts","doi":"10.1080/00050343.1997.10558675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00050343.1997.10558675","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":222452,"journal":{"name":"The Australian Surveyor","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115388227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Territoriality: Concept and delimitation","authors":"Don Am","doi":"10.1080/00050326.1997.10440325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00050326.1997.10440325","url":null,"abstract":"Territoriality is the primary expression of social power. Its changing functions help us to understand the historical relationship between society and space. Territoriality occurs to varying degrees in numerous social contexts, traversing, for example, the interests of nomadic tribes, the home environment and the work place. However, the purpose of this paper is to briefly trace the evolution of human behaviour within the use and management of terrestrial space. It will walk a path from the natural area catchment of nomadic life, the feudal period, through aspects of agricultural endeavour, the industrial revolution and then to the modern information epoch. The paper concludes with an examination of the recent global environmental emphasis and the relevance of the cadastre to the concept of territoriality.","PeriodicalId":222452,"journal":{"name":"The Australian Surveyor","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132481630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparison of Existing Co-ordinate Transformation Models and Parameters in Australia","authors":"W. E. F. S. Lec","doi":"10.1080/00050343.1997.10558681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00050343.1997.10558681","url":null,"abstract":"Four standard procedures to transform curvilinear co-ordinates from the Australian Geodetic Datum 1984 to the World Geodetic System 1984 are compared. These comprise the Bursa-Wolf model with the national set of seven parameters currently used by Federal and State surveying and mapping authorities, the standard Molodensky model with the five parameters used by the United States Defense Mapping Agency, the simple three-parameter model with the origin shifts taken from the Bursa-Wolf and standard Molodensky models, and the multiple regression equations as determined by the Defense Mapping Agency. The differences between the resulting co-ordinates can reach 4.2 metres over continental Australia, which has implications for the final approach adopted to transform to the Geocentric Datum of Australia. The arguments are presented in favour of more suitable transformation strategies using projective transformation models, which are able to simultaneously correct any known errors existing in the Australian Geodetic Datum. These models also allow the direct transformation of both Australian Geodetic Datum 1966 and Australian Geodetic Datum 1984 coordinates in a single procedure, which will be of benefit to those States which rely upon older geodetic datums. INTRODUCTION Australia’s transition to the use of the Geocentric Datum of Australia (GDA) for surveying and mapping by the 1st January, 2000 will require that existing spatial data are transformed to this new co-ordinate datum (Featherstone, 1994 and 1996; Steed, 1995; Inter-governmental Committee on Surveying and Mapping, 1994; Higgins, 1994; Manning and Harvey, 1994). Featherstone (1994 and 1996), among other authors, only presents the seven-parameter conformal transformation model using the Higgins (1987) constants. However, there are several alternative transformation models and parameters currently available for Australia which can also be employed for this purpose. This paper compares four mathematical models and their associated parameters for the transformation of curvilinear co-ordinates from the Australian Geodetic Datum 1984 (AGD84) to the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84), which can be assumed compatible with the GDA for many practical purposes. These are: 1. A seven-parameter conformal transformation using the Bursa-Wolf model (Bursa, 1962; Wolf, 1963), where the transformation is staged via Cartesian co-ordinates and uses the parameters of Higgins (1987). 2. A five-parameter conformal transformation based on a curvilinear version of the Molodensky-Badekas model (Molodensky et al., 1962; Badekas, 1969) with the Defense Mapping Agency’s (1991) parameters. 3. The multiple regression equation approach of the Defense Mapping Agency (1991), which is a spatially varying or projective transformation. (The latter two approaches are designed to operate directly on the curvilinear co-ordinates, and thus provide a conceptually more direct transformation.)","PeriodicalId":222452,"journal":{"name":"The Australian Surveyor","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114308311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cadastral Surveys and the GPS Option: Origin Definition, Time and Cost Comparisons for an Urban Cadastral Survey","authors":"Daniel McDaid, P. Denys, C. Hoogsteden","doi":"10.1080/00050326.1997.10440328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00050326.1997.10440328","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The New Zealand cadastral system essentially requires that land parcels be demarcated. and that boundaries and dimensions are determined, in terms of relative rather than absolute position. For over 120 years, the necessary angle and distance measurements were undertaken with theodolite and chain, a methodology now mostly superseded by the EDM and/or total station. Currently, with robust kinematic GPS techniques and processing algorithms, and with the advent of real time capabilities, GPS increasingly provides an attractive alternative for performing cadastral work.","PeriodicalId":222452,"journal":{"name":"The Australian Surveyor","volume":"163 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116419584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparison of existing coordinate transformation models and parameters in Australia","authors":"W. Featherstone","doi":"10.1080/00690805.1997.9714042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00690805.1997.9714042","url":null,"abstract":"Editor's note: This paper is a joint publication by the Institution of Surveyors, Australia and the Mapping Sciences Institute, Australia. Four standard procedures to transform curvilinear co-ordinates from the Australian Geodetic Datum 1984 to the World Geodetic System 1984 are compared. These comprise the Bursa-Wolf model with the national set of seven parameters currently used by Federal and State surveying and mapping authorities, the standard Molodensky model with the five parameters used by the United States Defense Mapping Agency, the simple three-parameter model with the origin shifts taken from the Bursa-Wolf and standard Molodensky models, and the multiple regression equations as determined by the Defense Mapping Agency. The differences between the resulting co-ordinates can reach 4.2 metres over continental Australia, which has implications for the final approach adopted to transform to the Geocentric Datum of Australia. The arguments are presented in favour of more suitable transformation stra...","PeriodicalId":222452,"journal":{"name":"The Australian Surveyor","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122087113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Warren Halloran and the Lady Denman Heritage Complex at Jervis Bay","authors":"J. Brock","doi":"10.1080/00050342.1997.10558666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00050342.1997.10558666","url":null,"abstract":"Having been to Bill Kitson’s brilliant Museum of Lands, Mapping and Surveying in Queensland, I couldn’t let Russell Wenholz get away with his blatant attempts at publicising this superb establishment without making an equally transparent effort to bring to the attention of all surveyors and their friends the existence of another magnificent complex which highlights the skills and achievements of our illustrious forefathers at Huskisson, Jervis Bay, on the New South Wales south coast.","PeriodicalId":222452,"journal":{"name":"The Australian Surveyor","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117165043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The importance of including the Geoid in Terrestrial Survey Data Reduction to the Geocentric Datum of Australia","authors":"W. Featherstone","doi":"10.1080/00050342.1997.10558665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00050342.1997.10558665","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The complete reduction of terrestrial survey data to the Geodetic Reference System 1980 spheroid will become an important consideration after the implementation of the Geocentric Datum of Australia. Three examples are used to illustrate that when data reduction, which incorporates the effects of the Earth’s gravity field, is not applied, errors of approximately 10ppm, 200m and 3” can be introduced into terrain distances, astrogeodetic coordinates and azimuths respectively.","PeriodicalId":222452,"journal":{"name":"The Australian Surveyor","volume":"2022 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114609065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Warren Halloran and theLady Denmanheritage complex at Jervis Bay","authors":"J. Brock","doi":"10.1080/00050326.1997.10441787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00050326.1997.10441787","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":222452,"journal":{"name":"The Australian Surveyor","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132197589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surveying as a career an alternative perspective","authors":"A. Proust","doi":"10.1080/00050342.1997.10558660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00050342.1997.10558660","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":222452,"journal":{"name":"The Australian Surveyor","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131295751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}