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Metrication : A Job to Complete? 公制化:一项有待完成的工作?
The Australian Surveyor Pub Date : 1999-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/00050351.1999.10558767
L. Pilgrim
{"title":"Metrication : A Job to Complete?","authors":"L. Pilgrim","doi":"10.1080/00050351.1999.10558767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00050351.1999.10558767","url":null,"abstract":"A complete generation has past since the significant implementation of the metric system of units in Australia (approximately 50 % of the current surveying profession entered the profession after metrication, or were born after M-Day). Nevertheless, many surveyors still need to interact with imperial units in their daily employment activities. This paper will outline the development of measurement units - particularly those relevant to the surveying profession. Metrication will be discussed, including some mention of the Institutions role and opinions in the era of change. Finally, an incomplete aspect of metrication will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":222452,"journal":{"name":"The Australian Surveyor","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123663088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Spatial Data Infrastructure Concepts 空间数据基础设施概念
The Australian Surveyor Pub Date : 1999-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/00050326.1999.10441899
Andrew Phillips, I. Williamson, Chukwudozie Ezigbalike
{"title":"Spatial Data Infrastructure Concepts","authors":"Andrew Phillips, I. Williamson, Chukwudozie Ezigbalike","doi":"10.1080/00050326.1999.10441899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00050326.1999.10441899","url":null,"abstract":"This is a pre-print version of an article published in The Australian Surveyor 2003. This version is restricted to staff and students only.","PeriodicalId":222452,"journal":{"name":"The Australian Surveyor","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129559515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 72
Transforming Cartesian Coordinates X, Y, Z to Geographical Coordinates φ, λ, h 将笛卡尔坐标X, Y, Z转换为地理坐标φ， λ， h
The Australian Surveyor Pub Date : 1999-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/00050351.1999.10558773
George P. Gerdan, R. Deakin
{"title":"Transforming Cartesian Coordinates X, Y, Z to Geographical Coordinates φ, λ, h","authors":"George P. Gerdan, R. Deakin","doi":"10.1080/00050351.1999.10558773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00050351.1999.10558773","url":null,"abstract":"In November 1994, the Intergovernmental Committee on Surveying and Mapping (ICSM) adopted a new geodetic datum for Australia and recommended its progressive implementation nationally. This datum, designated Geocentric Datum of Australia (GDA) - compatible with the Global Positioning System (GPS), a US Department of Defense satellite positioning system - will eventually replace the existing Australian Geodetic Datum (AGD). Consequently, “old” AGD coordinates need to be converted to “new” GDA coordinates, which may require the transformation of Cartesian coordinates X,Y,Z to geographical coordinates φ, λ, h (latitude, longitude, height) related to an ellipsoid of revolution. Given X,Y,Z, longitude is easily derived, but not so latitude, which requires more sophisticated evaluation - usually by iterative techniques, or complicated direct methods - the height following readily once latitude is obtained. Thus Cartesian-to-geographic transformations revolve around the determination of latitude; this paper revie...","PeriodicalId":222452,"journal":{"name":"The Australian Surveyor","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122834159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 37
Framework for Discussion of Digital Spatial Data Flow within Cadastral Systems 地籍系统中数字空间数据流讨论框架
The Australian Surveyor Pub Date : 1999-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/00050326.1999.10441901
W. Effenberg, S. Enemark, I. Williamson
{"title":"Framework for Discussion of Digital Spatial Data Flow within Cadastral Systems","authors":"W. Effenberg, S. Enemark, I. Williamson","doi":"10.1080/00050326.1999.10441901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00050326.1999.10441901","url":null,"abstract":"This is a preprint of an article whose final and definitive form has been published in The Australian Surveyor © 1999 [copyright Taylor & Francis].","PeriodicalId":222452,"journal":{"name":"The Australian Surveyor","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121371763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 23
Impact of New Technologies on Geomatics in 2010 2010年新技术对测绘学的影响
The Australian Surveyor Pub Date : 1999-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/00050351.1999.10558769
J. Trinder, Shaowei Han
{"title":"Impact of New Technologies on Geomatics in 2010","authors":"J. Trinder, Shaowei Han","doi":"10.1080/00050351.1999.10558769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00050351.1999.10558769","url":null,"abstract":"Global trends in the information age wil1 be summarised, as well as developments of new technologies. Hence, the challenges to the geomatics/surveying profession are highlighted. Strategies to manage the future of geomatic engineering will be discussed, and hence an outlook for the geomatics/surveying profession in 2010 will be presented.","PeriodicalId":222452,"journal":{"name":"The Australian Surveyor","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122099771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
The Influence of the Number of Satellites on the Accuracy of RTK GPS Positions 卫星数对RTK GPS定位精度的影响
The Australian Surveyor Pub Date : 1999-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/00050326.1999.10441905
Timothy R. Lemmon, George P. Gerdan
{"title":"The Influence of the Number of Satellites on the Accuracy of RTK GPS Positions","authors":"Timothy R. Lemmon, George P. Gerdan","doi":"10.1080/00050326.1999.10441905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00050326.1999.10441905","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to analyse the effect of the number of satellites on the accuracy of RTK positions. Testing was undertaken on a ten kilometre baseline with measurements collected under varying satellite configurations over a four day period. Approximately three thousand positions were recorded. The results indicate that an increase in the number of satellites has a limited influence on position accuracy in an urban environment.","PeriodicalId":222452,"journal":{"name":"The Australian Surveyor","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124995017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 37
Surveyors and EDMS 测量师和EDMS
The Australian Surveyor Pub Date : 1999-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/00050351.1999.10558766
P. Kenny
{"title":"Surveyors and EDMS","authors":"P. Kenny","doi":"10.1080/00050351.1999.10558766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00050351.1999.10558766","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes part of the changing roles that surveyors play in the development of electronic information systems, using the skills acquired through many years of practicing many different aspects of field survey.","PeriodicalId":222452,"journal":{"name":"The Australian Surveyor","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117286481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Controls and Boundary Reinstatement 控制和边界恢复
The Australian Surveyor Pub Date : 1999-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/00050351.1999.10558775
Willie Tan
{"title":"Controls and Boundary Reinstatement","authors":"Willie Tan","doi":"10.1080/00050351.1999.10558775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00050351.1999.10558775","url":null,"abstract":"The imposition of additional constraints to improve network accuracy has often been empirically investigated. One recent example is Stock, Taylor and Hannigan’s (1998) study on rural reinstatement. Yet, the problem of induction remains since no amount of empirical cases can lead one to logically conclude that the imposition of additional control is justified. The purpose of this paper is to derive the theoretical relationship between the imposition of additional control and network accuracy to shed some light on the issue. The main conclusion is that, apart from network design, the imposition of additional control may bias the estimates and, more importantly, accuracy is improved even though the bias exists.","PeriodicalId":222452,"journal":{"name":"The Australian Surveyor","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116086527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Land Surveying in Latvia 拉脱维亚的土地测量
The Australian Surveyor Pub Date : 1999-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/00050351.1999.10558771
Eriks I. Birzulis
{"title":"Land Surveying in Latvia","authors":"Eriks I. Birzulis","doi":"10.1080/00050351.1999.10558771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00050351.1999.10558771","url":null,"abstract":"Since regaining independence in 1991 the massive job of resurveying all land boundaries in Latvia has almost been completed. All boundary corners are coordinated which allows easy integration of cadastral boundaries into Geographic Information Systems. This paper outlines the surveying process in Latvia today, as well as giving an historical overview which reveals why Latvia uses a coordinated cadastre.","PeriodicalId":222452,"journal":{"name":"The Australian Surveyor","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133457606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cadastral Trends: A Synthesis 地籍趋势:综合
The Australian Surveyor Pub Date : 1999-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/00050326.1999.10441903
Lisa Ting, I. Williamson
{"title":"Cadastral Trends: A Synthesis","authors":"Lisa Ting, I. Williamson","doi":"10.1080/00050326.1999.10441903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00050326.1999.10441903","url":null,"abstract":"An understanding of the human history behind cadastral systems is essential to understanding the dynamism of the humankind to land relationship and how this has driven and will drive cadastral reforms. The cadastral concept has developed significantly over the past few decades. During this time these systems, whether developed from a land market or land taxation perspective, have increasingly played a multi-purpose role. Since the time humankind learned to settle on land, cadastres have developed and evolved to suit society’s needs. Changes in the relationship of humankind to land have invoked matching evolutionary changes in the function of cadastres. The most recent examples are current world concerns of environmental management, sustainable development and social justice. Due to this, multi-purpose role cadastres are increasingly seen as fundamental to economic development, environmental management and social stability in both the developed and developing worlds. This paper reviews the trends in the hu...","PeriodicalId":222452,"journal":{"name":"The Australian Surveyor","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127917525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 100
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