Scandinavian Journal of Optometry and Visual Science最新文献

{"title":"Behind blue eyes – Evidence for ocular nutritional supplements on the Scandinavian market","authors":"T. Bro, J. Ygge","doi":"10.5384/SJOVS.V14I1.132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5384/SJOVS.V14I1.132","url":null,"abstract":"Nutritional supplements for eye health are very popular, but the size of the market makes it difficult to grasp for the clinician. To guide patients and clinicians in the subject it would therefore be valuable to have a list of available products and their content. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ocular nutritional supplements available on the Scandinavian market and how their doses relate to current evidence. A list of nutritional supplements for ocular health available on the Scandinavian market was compiled by structured internet searches, and the products and their contents were compared with current evidence and legislated upper tolerable levels. Out of 104 products on the Scandinavian market, only two products reached the Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2)-formula at the recommended dose. One additional product reached the same formula if the recommended dose was exceeded. As only two nutritional supplements for ocular health on the Scandinavian market reached the AREDS2-dose at recommended dose, clinicians offering such substances need to have knowledge not only about the substances but also of the doses. In the future it would be welcome if the health claims for nutritional supplements were based on placebo-controlled intervention studies, to avoid ineffective products.","PeriodicalId":222252,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Optometry and Visual Science","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121200817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exogenous Factors Affecting Multifocal Electroretinogram: A mini review","authors":"Ai-Hong Chen, Muhamad Syukri Mohamad Rafiuddin, S. Coupland","doi":"10.5384/SJOVS.V14I1.123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5384/SJOVS.V14I1.123","url":null,"abstract":"Multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) is an important diagnostic tool in the clinical evaluation of central electro-retinal function of the macula. To enhance the diagnostic values and to improve its accuracy and internal consistency, it is crucial to examine carefully the endogenous and exogenous factors that affect mfERG recordings and clinical interpretations. This mini review focuses on three aspects of exogenous factors including (1) physiological variations pertaining to age and gender; (2) systemic changes owing to oxygen, blood pressure and glucose levels; (3) individual variables due to refractive status, pupil size,  luminance and viewing condition.","PeriodicalId":222252,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Optometry and Visual Science","volume":"24 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132432892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unity in diversity: Working towards a common goal to improve optometry and vision research in Europe","authors":"K. Baskaran, A. Recchioni, Helle K. Falkenberg","doi":"10.5384/SJOVS.V14I1.143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5384/SJOVS.V14I1.143","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":222252,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Optometry and Visual Science","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116059855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case finding of dry eye disease in Norwegian optometric practice: a cross-sectional study","authors":"A. E. Ystenæs, I. Sand, Vibeke Sundling","doi":"10.5384/SJOVS.V14I1.131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5384/SJOVS.V14I1.131","url":null,"abstract":"Optometrists are primary eye care providers, and it is essential that they efficiently identify patients who will benefit from dry eye management. The aim of the study was to explore case finding of dry eye disease (DED) in optometric practice. A cross-sectional study examining dry eye symptoms and signs in 186 patients (18–70 years of age) attending a routine eye examination, with DED defined according to the criteria of the Tear Film and Ocular Surface Society Dry Eye Workshop II. Standard statistical tests were used, and clinical diagnostics were explored using sensitivity, specificity, and receiveroperating curve (ROC) statistics. Fifty-six patients were contact lens wearers, and they were significantly younger than the non-contact lens wearers (mean age 35 (SD = 1) versus 48 (± 2) years). The mean best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in the better eye was 1.0 (± 0.1) (decimal acuity). There was no difference in BCVA between contact lens wearers and non-contact lens wearers. The mean Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score was 22 (± 19), and 138 patients had at least one positive homeostasis marker. Eighty-six had DED, 52 had signs without symptoms, and 23 had symptoms without signs of DED. The sensitivity and specificity of OSDI in detecting any positive homeostasis marker were 62% and 54%, respectively. In all, 106 patients had meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), of which 49 were asymptomatic. In a ROC analysis, an OSDI ≥ 13 showed a diagnostic ability to differentiate between patients with a fluorescein breakup time (FBUT) < 10 seconds and a fluorescein breakup time ≥ 10 seconds, but not between patients with and without staining or MGD. The majority of patients had dry eye signs and/or dry eye symptoms. Routine assessment of FBUT and meibomian glands may enable case finding of DED in optometric practice.","PeriodicalId":222252,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Optometry and Visual Science","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115900190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Headache, eyestrain, and musculoskeletal symptoms in relation to smartphone and tablet use in healthy adolescents","authors":"Helle K. Falkenberg, T. R. Johansen, H. S. Thorud","doi":"10.5384/SJOVS.VOL13I2P8-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5384/SJOVS.VOL13I2P8-14","url":null,"abstract":"Neck pain and headache are leading causes of years lived with disability globally, and the prevalence is gradually increasing from school age to early adulthood. These symptoms have been linked to the use of digital devices. However, there is little knowledge related to this topic in adolescents, who spend increasingly more time using digital media. The aim of the study was to investigate eyestrain, headache, and musculoskeletal symptoms in relation to the use of tablets and smartphones in healthy adolescents with normal vision. Fifty healthy adolescents aged 11 – 13 years (mean = 12.1 (SD = 0.53)) with normal vision and development participated. A vision examination was performed by an authorised optometrist and an interview questionnaire measuring eyestrain, headache, and musculoskeletal symptoms in relation to screen use was filled out. In addition, screen time, ergonomics, participation in sports, and outdoor time were obtained. Forty-nine (98%) of the 50 children used a smartphone and 17 (34%) used a tablet. Overall, 12% to 41% experienced symptoms of headache, neck pain, tiredness and/or tired eyes while using smartphones and tablets. Nine (18%) experienced at least one symptom often or always while using their device. Musculoskeletal pain and headache were significantly associated with vision and eyestrain. Tablet use was associated with increased symptom scores compared to smartphone use. Increased screen time and shorter viewing distance were associated with eyestrain, headache, and neck pain. Children with neck- shoulder- and back pain were significantly (2.1 hours) less physically active than children without these symptoms. Most adolescents with good health and vision had no symptoms while using smartphones and tablets. However, a significant proportion still experienced symptoms of headache, neck pain, tiredness and tired eyes, and these symptoms were associated. Symptoms increased with screen time, shorter viewing distance and reduced participation in sports. This suggests that even healthy children with good vision may develop vision symptoms and musculoskeletal pain. Awareness should be raised among parents, teachers, eye care- and health care personnel, of the importance of good visual ergonomics and physical activity to promote health in adolescents.","PeriodicalId":222252,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Optometry and Visual Science","volume":"105 9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122296653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vision status and reading test results in Norwegian adolescents","authors":"L. Hagen, S. Gilson, R. Baraas","doi":"10.5384/SJOVS.VOL13I2P2-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5384/SJOVS.VOL13I2P2-7","url":null,"abstract":"Uncorrected vision anomalies may cause headaches and may affect reading and academic performance. The purpose of this study was to quantify the frequency of vision anomalies, frequency of eye examinations, and use of corrective eye wear in adolescents in Norway, and to explore whether such vision anomalies affect reading test results or frequency of headaches. A cross-sectional study was performed in 436 adolescents (42.0% males) aged 16–19 years living in South-East Norway. Cycloplegic autorefraction, habitual stereoacuity, and habitual monocular amplitudes of accommodation were measured, and all participants reported the frequency of eye examinations, the use of spectacles and/or contact lens wear, and the frequency of headaches. Reading comprehension and decoding skills were evaluated for a subgroup of the participants (189 participants, 34.4% males) by their performance in national reading tests. Vision anomalies were defined as having refractive errors, poor habitual stereoacuity, or poor habitual amplitude of accommodation in at least one eye. Overall, 44.0% were classified as having a refractive error, and a total of 61.9% were measured to have vision anomalies. More frequent headaches were associated with poor habitual amplitude of accommodation when adjusted for sex (p = 0.04). The frequency of poor reading comprehension was higher in the group of adolescents with vision anomalies (n = 109, 31.2%) compared with those with no vision anomalies (n = 80, 18.8%; p = 0.05). Of those with vision anomalies, 33.5% had never had an eye examination, and 63.9% reported not wearing a correction. In Norway, there is no mandatory vision screening after 4 years of age. The results here show that a nation-wide programme of regular eye examinations and proper treatment of vision anomalies for all children and adolescents in Norway should be considered. Identifying and treating children with common eye problems in primary and secondary school will improve educational attainment and increase each child’s chances of succeeding in further education.","PeriodicalId":222252,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Optometry and Visual Science","volume":"248 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131404976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SOPTI Meeting 2020: Abstracts","authors":"F. Zeri","doi":"10.5384/SJOVS.VOL13I1P24-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5384/SJOVS.VOL13I1P24-29","url":null,"abstract":"The 25th National Conference of the Italian Optometric Association (SOPTI) was held in Verona on January 19–20, 2020. The theme of the conference was “Innovative technologies in Optometry and Contact Lenses”, was arranged in 3 sessions: optometry, contact lenses, and ophthalmology. Three keynote speakers were invited during the conference: Prof. Rigmor C. Baraas from the University of South-Eastern Norway in Kongsberg, Prof. Silvia Tavazzi from University of Milano Bicocca and Dr. Iwan Zanchetta, clinical practice Rothrist, Switzerland. The abstracts from accepted posters and free papers are presented here.","PeriodicalId":222252,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Optometry and Visual Science","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129102875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial by Baraas, Zeri & Macedo","authors":"R. Baraas","doi":"10.5384/SJOVS.VOL13I1P1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5384/SJOVS.VOL13I1P1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":222252,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Optometry and Visual Science","volume":"159 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128334128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TRENDS IN SWEDISH CONTACT LENS PRESCRIBING 2017","authors":"Oskar Johansson","doi":"10.5384/SJOVS.VOL12I1P5-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5384/SJOVS.VOL12I1P5-7","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background: The purpose was to evaluate the trends of contact lens prescribing among Swedish optometrists in 2017.Materials and Methods: A standardized survey form was distributed to Swedish optometrists using their professional organisations, optometry chains, direct email, and by hand directly. They were asked to fill out the form for the ten contact lens fits performed after receipt of the survey form. Information was collected regarding age and sex of patient, fit/refit, lens design and material, modality and solution prescribed.Results: 57 forms were returned detailing 562 fits. The mean age of the patients was 37 yrs, and 65 % were female. 83 % were fitted for full-time wear and 27 % were managed as new fits. 94.7 % were soft contact lens fits and silicone hydrogel was the dominating material.Conclusions: When compared with data from Norway and Denmark, it is evident that daily disposables are more popular in these countries (74 %), whereas in Sweden it is monthly replacements (58 %). Otherwise, the results are similar to what has been reported from other parts of the world. Keywords: contact lens, Sweden, prescribing trends, survey","PeriodicalId":222252,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Optometry and Visual Science","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125466656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocular toxoplasmosis with surprisingly good retinal function","authors":"T. L. Morisbakk, P. Lundmark","doi":"10.5384/SJOVS.VOL12I1P1-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5384/SJOVS.VOL12I1P1-4","url":null,"abstract":"Ocular toxoplasmosis is an infection in the eye caused by the parasite Toxoplasma Gondii. A common retinal finding in its inactive stages are pigmented retinochoroidal scarring. The retinal function in the affected area assumingly reflects the amount of retinal involvement. This case report presents a 48-year-old woman who has a long-standing large retinochoroidal scar in the temporal posterior pole of her left eye. She had not experienced any visual symptoms, and no recurrent infections had occurred as far as she knew. She has a scotoma in her nasal visual field that her optometrist detected by a coincidence when she was in her twenties. The corresponding visual field defect is smaller and less deep than what may be expected from the structural appearance of the scar. The reported case demonstrates, that the visual function may be well preserved in the visual field corresponding to a retinochoroidal scarred area due to toxoplasmosis, in spite of loss of structures in the outer retinal layers as seen with OCT.","PeriodicalId":222252,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Optometry and Visual Science","volume":"89 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133719962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}