Scandinavian Journal of Optometry and Visual Science最新文献

{"title":"Vision Screening Programmes: Collaborative work for developing evidence-based vision screening protocols.","authors":"Niall Strang, B. Barrett, R. Baraas","doi":"10.5384/sjovs.v14i2.150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5384/sjovs.v14i2.150","url":null,"abstract":"This editorial highlights the scope of the topic that need to be examined further in the field of children’s vision screening. We hope that by making vision screening a special topic in SJOVS we can encourage collaboration between groups of researchers, clinicians and students and help in the development of evidence-based solutions to the current problems facing vision screening across the world. Of course, identifying eye and vision problems represents only the first stage in a screening process. It is important to mention that any screening programme requires several follow up steps to be successful. Good access to further examination for screening is required and affordable spectacles need to be provided. A mechanism of follow up is also important as, once dispensed, the spectacles need to be worn appropriately. Failure to address any of these issues will limit the benefits of a screening programme and innovative methods of addressing these issues are encouraged.","PeriodicalId":222252,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Optometry and Visual Science","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128157458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Referral in a routine Italian optometric examination: towards an evidence-based model.","authors":"Riccardo Cheloni, Alexander G. Swystun, Mauro Frisani, C. J. Davey","doi":"10.5384/SJOVS.V14I1.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5384/SJOVS.V14I1.129","url":null,"abstract":"Italian optometrists refract patients and prescribe optical appliances. The routine optometric examination that is currently conducted in Italy, however, does not include a comprehensive ocular health assessment. Like many other countries, in Italy ophthalmologists are solely responsible for the diagnosis and treatment of ocular pathologies, yet, the care an optometrist provides must be done with the aim of promoting the general and ocular health of patients seen in practice. Such scope has to be pursued using a close collaboration with ophthalmologists, ultimately facilitating the earliest medical diagnosis and minimisation of visual impairment. Referral represents the basis of optometrist-ophthalmologist collaboration, yet, no guidance is available to Italian optometrists indicating when referral is warranted. The purpose of this study was to identify the circumstances deserving a referral in a routine Italian optometric examination in adults, ultimately constituting preliminary evidence-based indications of a referral model oriented to enhance the ocular and general health of patients. A literature review was conducted on Pubmed and the Cochrane Library, mainly targeting high quality secondary literature such as systematic reviews, meta-analysis and clinical guidelines. Several reasons for referral were identified. Further, while a wide range of anomalies of the visual system are likely to be discovered by the Italian optometric examination, up to 20% of patients could suffer an underlying condition undetected by the current assessment. This results in the need to refer seemingly healthy patients if they have not attended routine ophthalmological examinations within optimal time frames. In Italy, and countries with similar settings, the referral is an essential instrument that optometrists must largely use to ensure early diagnosis of ocular conditions by ophthalmologists and minimisation of avoidable visual impairment.","PeriodicalId":222252,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Optometry and Visual Science","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117179310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behind blue eyes – Evidence for ocular nutritional supplements on the Scandinavian market","authors":"T. Bro, J. Ygge","doi":"10.5384/SJOVS.V14I1.132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5384/SJOVS.V14I1.132","url":null,"abstract":"Nutritional supplements for eye health are very popular, but the size of the market makes it difficult to grasp for the clinician. To guide patients and clinicians in the subject it would therefore be valuable to have a list of available products and their content. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ocular nutritional supplements available on the Scandinavian market and how their doses relate to current evidence. A list of nutritional supplements for ocular health available on the Scandinavian market was compiled by structured internet searches, and the products and their contents were compared with current evidence and legislated upper tolerable levels. Out of 104 products on the Scandinavian market, only two products reached the Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2)-formula at the recommended dose. One additional product reached the same formula if the recommended dose was exceeded. As only two nutritional supplements for ocular health on the Scandinavian market reached the AREDS2-dose at recommended dose, clinicians offering such substances need to have knowledge not only about the substances but also of the doses. In the future it would be welcome if the health claims for nutritional supplements were based on placebo-controlled intervention studies, to avoid ineffective products.","PeriodicalId":222252,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Optometry and Visual Science","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121200817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exogenous Factors Affecting Multifocal Electroretinogram: A mini review","authors":"Ai-Hong Chen, Muhamad Syukri Mohamad Rafiuddin, S. Coupland","doi":"10.5384/SJOVS.V14I1.123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5384/SJOVS.V14I1.123","url":null,"abstract":"Multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) is an important diagnostic tool in the clinical evaluation of central electro-retinal function of the macula. To enhance the diagnostic values and to improve its accuracy and internal consistency, it is crucial to examine carefully the endogenous and exogenous factors that affect mfERG recordings and clinical interpretations. This mini review focuses on three aspects of exogenous factors including (1) physiological variations pertaining to age and gender; (2) systemic changes owing to oxygen, blood pressure and glucose levels; (3) individual variables due to refractive status, pupil size,  luminance and viewing condition.","PeriodicalId":222252,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Optometry and Visual Science","volume":"24 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132432892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unity in diversity: Working towards a common goal to improve optometry and vision research in Europe","authors":"K. Baskaran, A. Recchioni, Helle K. Falkenberg","doi":"10.5384/SJOVS.V14I1.143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5384/SJOVS.V14I1.143","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":222252,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Optometry and Visual Science","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116059855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Headache, eyestrain, and musculoskeletal symptoms in relation to smartphone and tablet use in healthy adolescents","authors":"Helle K. Falkenberg, T. R. Johansen, H. S. Thorud","doi":"10.5384/SJOVS.VOL13I2P8-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5384/SJOVS.VOL13I2P8-14","url":null,"abstract":"Neck pain and headache are leading causes of years lived with disability globally, and the prevalence is gradually increasing from school age to early adulthood. These symptoms have been linked to the use of digital devices. However, there is little knowledge related to this topic in adolescents, who spend increasingly more time using digital media. The aim of the study was to investigate eyestrain, headache, and musculoskeletal symptoms in relation to the use of tablets and smartphones in healthy adolescents with normal vision. Fifty healthy adolescents aged 11 – 13 years (mean = 12.1 (SD = 0.53)) with normal vision and development participated. A vision examination was performed by an authorised optometrist and an interview questionnaire measuring eyestrain, headache, and musculoskeletal symptoms in relation to screen use was filled out. In addition, screen time, ergonomics, participation in sports, and outdoor time were obtained. Forty-nine (98%) of the 50 children used a smartphone and 17 (34%) used a tablet. Overall, 12% to 41% experienced symptoms of headache, neck pain, tiredness and/or tired eyes while using smartphones and tablets. Nine (18%) experienced at least one symptom often or always while using their device. Musculoskeletal pain and headache were significantly associated with vision and eyestrain. Tablet use was associated with increased symptom scores compared to smartphone use. Increased screen time and shorter viewing distance were associated with eyestrain, headache, and neck pain. Children with neck- shoulder- and back pain were significantly (2.1 hours) less physically active than children without these symptoms. Most adolescents with good health and vision had no symptoms while using smartphones and tablets. However, a significant proportion still experienced symptoms of headache, neck pain, tiredness and tired eyes, and these symptoms were associated. Symptoms increased with screen time, shorter viewing distance and reduced participation in sports. This suggests that even healthy children with good vision may develop vision symptoms and musculoskeletal pain. Awareness should be raised among parents, teachers, eye care- and health care personnel, of the importance of good visual ergonomics and physical activity to promote health in adolescents.","PeriodicalId":222252,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Optometry and Visual Science","volume":"105 9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122296653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SOPTI Meeting 2020: Abstracts","authors":"F. Zeri","doi":"10.5384/SJOVS.VOL13I1P24-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5384/SJOVS.VOL13I1P24-29","url":null,"abstract":"The 25th National Conference of the Italian Optometric Association (SOPTI) was held in Verona on January 19–20, 2020. The theme of the conference was “Innovative technologies in Optometry and Contact Lenses”, was arranged in 3 sessions: optometry, contact lenses, and ophthalmology. Three keynote speakers were invited during the conference: Prof. Rigmor C. Baraas from the University of South-Eastern Norway in Kongsberg, Prof. Silvia Tavazzi from University of Milano Bicocca and Dr. Iwan Zanchetta, clinical practice Rothrist, Switzerland. The abstracts from accepted posters and free papers are presented here.","PeriodicalId":222252,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Optometry and Visual Science","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129102875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eye movements, convergence distance and pupil-size when reading from smartphone, computer, print and tablet","authors":"Antonio Miguel Miranda, E. J. Nunes-Pereira, K. Baskaran, A. F. Macedo","doi":"10.5384/SJOVS.VOL11I1P1-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5384/SJOVS.VOL11I1P1-5","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the use of eye-tracking glasses to monitor visual behaviour when reading from electronic devices and paper in free-viewing conditions. The Tobii-Pro-Glasses were used to monitor 20 subjects with normal vision during reading tasks. Reading was performed in a smartphone, computer, paper and tablet. Texts from the IReST-test were read in devices in a random order. Participants read one text in each device and then repeated the same task 1 hour later; in total each participant read eight different texts. The sequence for the devices was randomized. We found differences between devices for saccade amplitude, fixation duration, convergence distance and pupil size. Reading speed between computer and tablet was slightly different (8 words-per-minute) and pupil size reduced up to 20% in electronic devices compared to print. Behavioural changes observed whilst reading from different devices may reflect an attempt from readers to optimize performance. The need to maintain visual performance under different visual condition may lead to increased visual symptoms. Eye-tracking glasses could be a valuable tool to investigate visual aspects of digital strain.","PeriodicalId":222252,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Optometry and Visual Science","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130141021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vision measurability and its impact on safe driving – a literature review","authors":"B. Thorslund, N. Strand","doi":"10.5384/SJOVS.VOL9I1P%P","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5384/SJOVS.VOL9I1P%P","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge of measurability of vision and its impact on safe driving have proven to be important to secure a safe traffic system. Several different approaches to measure vision in order to improve road safety have been identified around the world. A trend seen in the literature is that traditional vision tests increasingly are supplemented by cognitive tests. The purpose of this study was to provide an overview of visual capabilities that are important for safe driving. The study answered questions about the visual capabilities that are essential for safe driving; which tests are available and how they are used; and existing evidence for these tests. The literature review was based on database searches of TRID, Web of Science and PubMed. In total 128 scientific publications were included in the overview. The results provided an overview of international standards of vision required for driving a car. Moreover, the results were structured according to the different visual capabilities and a corresponding account of the diseases that may affect these capabilities; which tests that are available and corroborating evidence for the test; and the manner in which these capabilities are important for safe driving. Two tests were highlighted based on the review and these were contrast sensitivity, and Useful Field of View. It was also concluded that 1), testing of vision should consist of several complementary tests, and 2), visual acuity is not sufficient for safe driving, and 3), tests including cognitive aspects can complement vision testing and improve the assessment of safe driving.","PeriodicalId":222252,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Optometry and Visual Science","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117162786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kongsberg Vision Meeting Abstracts 2018","authors":"R. Baraas","doi":"10.5384/SJOVS.VOL7I2P8-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5384/SJOVS.VOL7I2P8-11","url":null,"abstract":"Kongsberg Vision Meeting was held at the University of South-Eastern Norway in Kongsberg, for the 13th time, on November 16–18, 2021. The meeting was organised as a three-day meeting with a clinical day, a research day and a lighting design day. Rigmor C. Baraas, Eilin Lundanes, Ann Elisabeth Ystenæs, Ellen Svarverud, Klaus Sjøhaug and Are Røysamb organised the three-day meeting. The theme this year was Speciality Contact Lenses and Architectural Lighting Design. Keynote speakers for the clinical optometry day and the research day were Eef van Der Worp, Nicola Logan, Fabrizio Zeri and Daddi Fadel. The keynote speakers for the lighting day were Sylvia Pont and Manuel Spitschan. The abstracts from invited and contributed talks on the different days are presented in the order they were given.","PeriodicalId":222252,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Optometry and Visual Science","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130551857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}