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Evaluation of Depth Size Based on Layered Magnetization by Double-Sided Scanning for Internal Defects 通过双面扫描评估基于层状磁化的内部缺陷深度尺寸

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.3390/s24113689

Zhiyang Deng, Dingkun Qian, Haifei Hong, Xiaochun Song, Yihua Kang

{"title":"Evaluation of Depth Size Based on Layered Magnetization by Double-Sided Scanning for Internal Defects","authors":"Zhiyang Deng, Dingkun Qian, Haifei Hong, Xiaochun Song, Yihua Kang","doi":"10.3390/s24113689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113689","url":null,"abstract":"The quantitative evaluation of defects is extremely important, as it can avoid harm caused by underevaluation or losses caused by overestimation, especially for internal defects. The magnetic permeability perturbation testing (MPPT) method performs well for thick-walled steel pipes, but the burial depth of the defect is difficult to access directly from a single time-domain signal, which is not conducive to the evaluation of defects. In this paper, the phenomenon of layering of magnetization that occurs in ferromagnetic materials under an unsaturated magnetizing field is described. Different magnetization depths are achieved by applying step magnetization. The relationship curves between the magnetization characteristic currents and the magnetization depths are established by finite element simulations. The spatial properties of each layering can be detected by different magnetization layering. The upper and back boundaries of the defect are then localized by a double-sided scan to finally arrive at the depth size of the defect. Defects with depth size of 2 mm are evaluated experimentally. The maximum relative error is 5%.","PeriodicalId":221960,"journal":{"name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"44 S1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141405113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Highly Sensitive Balloon-like Fiber Interferometer Based on Ethanol Coated for Temperature Measurement 基于乙醇涂层的高灵敏度气球状光纤干涉仪用于温度测量

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.3390/s24113684

Xin Ding, Qiao Lin, Shen Liu, Lianzhen Zhang, Nan Chen, Yuping Zhang, Yiping Wang

{"title":"Highly Sensitive Balloon-like Fiber Interferometer Based on Ethanol Coated for Temperature Measurement","authors":"Xin Ding, Qiao Lin, Shen Liu, Lianzhen Zhang, Nan Chen, Yuping Zhang, Yiping Wang","doi":"10.3390/s24113684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113684","url":null,"abstract":"A highly sensitivity balloon-like fiber interferometer based on ethanol coating is presented in this paper. The Mach–Zehnder interferometer is formed by bending a single-mode fiber to a balloon-like structure and nested in the Teflon tube. Then, an ethanol solution was filled into the tube of the balloon-like fiber interferometer by the capillary effect. Due to the high sensitivity of the refractive index (RI) of ethanol solutions to temperature, when the external temperature varies, the optical path difference changes. The change in temperature can be detected by the shift in the interference spectrum. Limited by the size of the balloon-like structure, three kinds of these structures with different sensitive lengths were prepared to select the best parameters. The sensitive lengths were 10, 15 and 20 mm, respectively, and the RI detection performance of each structure in 10~26% NaCl solutions was investigated experimentally. The results show that when the sensitive length is 20 mm, the RI sensitivity of the sensor is the highest, which is 212.88 nm/RIU. Ultimately, the sensitive length filled with ethanol is 20 mm. The experimental results show that the temperature sensitivity of the structure is 1.145 nm/°C in the range of 28.1 °C~35 °C, which is 10.3 times higher than that of an unfilled balloon-like structure (0.111 nm/°C). The system has the advantages of low cost and easy fabrication, which can potentially be used in high-precision temperature monitoring processes.","PeriodicalId":221960,"journal":{"name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"12 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141394059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Accuracy of Evaluation of the Requirements of the Standards IEC 61000-3-2(12) with the Application of the Wideband Current Transducer 应用宽带电流传感器评估 IEC 61000-3-2(12)标准要求的准确性

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.3390/s24113693

E. Stano, S. Wiak

引用次数: 0

Measuring DNI with a New Radiometer Based on an Optical Fiber and Photodiode 利用基于光纤和光电二极管的新型辐射计测量 DNI

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.3390/s24113674

Alejandro Carballar, Roberto Rodríguez-Garrido, Manuel Jerez, Jonathan Vera, Joaquín Granado

引用次数: 0

Identification of a Person in a Trajectory Based on Wearable Sensor Data Analysis 基于可穿戴传感器数据分析的轨迹人员识别

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.3390/s24113680

Jinzhe Yan, M. Toyoura, Xiangyang Wu

引用次数: 0

Precision Balance Assessment in Parkinson’s Disease: Utilizing Vision-Based 3D Pose Tracking for Pull Test Analysis 帕金森病的精准平衡评估：利用基于视觉的三维姿势跟踪进行拉力测试分析

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.3390/s24113673

Nina Ellrich, Kasimir Niermeyer, D. Peto, Julian Decker, Urban M. Fietzek, S. Katzdobler, Günter U. Höglinger, Klaus Jahn, A. Zwergal, M. Wuehr

{"title":"Precision Balance Assessment in Parkinson’s Disease: Utilizing Vision-Based 3D Pose Tracking for Pull Test Analysis","authors":"Nina Ellrich, Kasimir Niermeyer, D. Peto, Julian Decker, Urban M. Fietzek, S. Katzdobler, Günter U. Höglinger, Klaus Jahn, A. Zwergal, M. Wuehr","doi":"10.3390/s24113673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113673","url":null,"abstract":"Postural instability is a common complication in advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD) associated with recurrent falls and fall-related injuries. The test of retropulsion, consisting of a rapid balance perturbation by a pull in the backward direction, is regarded as the gold standard for evaluating postural instability in PD and is a key component of the neurological examination and clinical rating in PD (e.g., MDS-UPDRS). However, significant variability in test execution and interpretation contributes to a low intra- and inter-rater test reliability. Here, we explore the potential for objective, vision-based assessment of the pull test (vPull) using 3D pose tracking applied to single-sensor RGB-Depth recordings of clinical assessments. The initial results in a cohort of healthy individuals (n = 15) demonstrate overall excellent agreement of vPull-derived metrics with the gold standard marker-based motion capture. Subsequently, in a cohort of PD patients and controls (n = 15 each), we assessed the inter-rater reliability of vPull and analyzed PD-related impairments in postural response (including pull-to-step latency, number of steps, retropulsion angle). These quantitative metrics effectively distinguish healthy performance from and within varying degrees of postural impairment in PD. vPull shows promise for straightforward clinical implementation with the potential to enhance the sensitivity and specificity of postural instability assessment and fall risk prediction in PD.","PeriodicalId":221960,"journal":{"name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"26 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141409331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

EMR-HRNet: A Multi-Scale Feature Fusion Network for Landslide Segmentation from Remote Sensing Images EMR-HRNet：利用遥感图像进行滑坡分段的多尺度特征融合网络

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.3390/s24113677

Yuanhang Jin, Xiaosheng Liu, Xiaobin Huang

{"title":"EMR-HRNet: A Multi-Scale Feature Fusion Network for Landslide Segmentation from Remote Sensing Images","authors":"Yuanhang Jin, Xiaosheng Liu, Xiaobin Huang","doi":"10.3390/s24113677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113677","url":null,"abstract":"Landslides constitute a significant hazard to human life, safety and natural resources. Traditional landslide investigation methods demand considerable human effort and expertise. To address this issue, this study introduces an innovative landslide segmentation framework, EMR-HRNet, aimed at enhancing accuracy. Initially, a novel data augmentation technique, CenterRep, is proposed, not only augmenting the training dataset but also enabling the model to more effectively capture the intricate features of landslides. Furthermore, this paper integrates a RefConv and Multi-Dconv Head Transposed Attention (RMA) feature pyramid structure into the HRNet model, augmenting the model’s capacity for semantic recognition and expression at various levels. Last, the incorporation of the Dilated Efficient Multi-Scale Attention (DEMA) block substantially widens the model’s receptive field, bolstering its capability to discern local features. Rigorous evaluations on the Bijie dataset and the Sichuan and surrounding area dataset demonstrate that EMR-HRNet outperforms other advanced semantic segmentation models, achieving mIoU scores of 81.70% and 71.68%, respectively. Additionally, ablation studies conducted across the comprehensive dataset further corroborate the enhancements’ efficacy. The results indicate that EMR-HRNet excels in processing satellite and UAV remote sensing imagery, showcasing its significant potential in multi-source optical remote sensing for landslide segmentation.","PeriodicalId":221960,"journal":{"name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"71 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141392671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Accuracy, Validity, and Reliability of Markerless Camera-Based 3D Motion Capture Systems versus Marker-Based 3D Motion Capture Systems in Gait Analysis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 无标记相机三维运动捕捉系统与标记三维运动捕捉系统在步态分析中的准确性、有效性和可靠性对比：系统回顾与元分析

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.3390/s24113686

Sofia Scataglini, Eveline Abts, Cas Van Bocxlaer, Maxime Van den Bussche, Sara Meletani, Steven Truijen

{"title":"Accuracy, Validity, and Reliability of Markerless Camera-Based 3D Motion Capture Systems versus Marker-Based 3D Motion Capture Systems in Gait Analysis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Sofia Scataglini, Eveline Abts, Cas Van Bocxlaer, Maxime Van den Bussche, Sara Meletani, Steven Truijen","doi":"10.3390/s24113686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113686","url":null,"abstract":"(1) Background: Marker-based 3D motion capture systems (MBS) are considered the gold standard in gait analysis. However, they have limitations for which markerless camera-based 3D motion capture systems (MCBS) could provide a solution. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to compare the accuracy, validity, and reliability of MCBS and MBS. (2) Methods: A total of 2047 papers were systematically searched according to PRISMA guidelines on 7 February 2024, in two different databases: Pubmed (1339) and WoS (708). The COSMIN-tool and EBRO guidelines were used to assess risk of bias and level of evidence. (3) Results: After full text screening, 22 papers were included. Spatiotemporal parameters showed overall good to excellent accuracy, validity, and reliability. For kinematic variables, hip and knee showed moderate to excellent agreement between the systems, while for the ankle joint, poor concurrent validity and reliability were measured. The accuracy and concurrent validity of walking speed were considered excellent in all cases, with only a small bias. The meta-analysis of the inter-rater reliability and concurrent validity of walking speed, step time, and step length resulted in a good-to-excellent intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) (0.81; 0.98). (4) Discussion and conclusions: MCBS are comparable in terms of accuracy, concurrent validity, and reliability to MBS in spatiotemporal parameters. Additionally, kinematic parameters for hip and knee in the sagittal plane are considered most valid and reliable but lack valid and accurate measurement outcomes in transverse and frontal planes. Customization and standardization of methodological procedures are necessary for future research to adequately compare protocols in clinical settings, with more attention to patient populations.","PeriodicalId":221960,"journal":{"name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"106 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141408123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Visual Strain Sensors Based on Fabry–Perot Structures for Structural Integrity Monitoring 基于法布里-珀罗结构的视觉应变传感器用于结构完整性监测

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.3390/s24113676

Qingyuan Chen, F. Liu, Guofeng Xu, Boshuo Yin, Ming Liu, Yifei Xiong, Feiying Wang

{"title":"Visual Strain Sensors Based on Fabry–Perot Structures for Structural Integrity Monitoring","authors":"Qingyuan Chen, F. Liu, Guofeng Xu, Boshuo Yin, Ming Liu, Yifei Xiong, Feiying Wang","doi":"10.3390/s24113676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113676","url":null,"abstract":"Strain sensors that can rapidly and efficiently detect strain distribution and magnitude are crucial for structural health monitoring and human–computer interactions. However, traditional electrical and optical strain sensors make access to structural health information challenging because data conversion is required, and they have intricate, delicate designs. Drawing inspiration from the moisture-responsive coloration of beetle wing sheaths, we propose using Ecoflex as a flexible substrate. This substrate is coated with a Fabry–Perot (F–P) optical structure, comprising a “reflective layer/stretchable interference cavity/reflective layer”, creating a dynamic color-changing visual strain sensor. Upon the application of external stress, the flexible interference chamber of the sensor stretches and contracts, prompting a blue-shift in the structural reflection curve and displaying varying colors that correlate with the applied strain. The innovative flexible sensor can be attached to complex-shaped components, enabling the visual detection of structural integrity. This biomimetic visual strain sensor holds significant promise for real-time structural health monitoring applications.","PeriodicalId":221960,"journal":{"name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141397040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Factors Affecting the Situational Awareness of Armored Vehicle Occupants 影响装甲车乘员态势感知的因素

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.3390/s24113688

Zihan Pei, Wenyu Zhao, Long Hu, Ziye Zhang, Yang Luo, Yixiang Wu, Xiaoping Jin

{"title":"Factors Affecting the Situational Awareness of Armored Vehicle Occupants","authors":"Zihan Pei, Wenyu Zhao, Long Hu, Ziye Zhang, Yang Luo, Yixiang Wu, Xiaoping Jin","doi":"10.3390/s24113688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113688","url":null,"abstract":"In the field of armored vehicles, up to 70% of accidents are associated with low levels of situational awareness among the occupants, highlighting the importance of situational awareness in improving task performance. In this study, we explored the mechanisms influencing situational awareness by simulating an armored vehicle driving platform with 14 levels of experimentation in terms of five factors: experience, expectations, attention, the cueing channel, and automation. The experimental data included SART and SAGAT questionnaire scores, eye movement indicators, and electrocardiographic and electrodermal signals. Data processing and analysis revealed the following conclusions: (1) Experienced operators have higher levels of situational awareness. (2) Operators with certain expectations have lower levels of situational awareness. (3) Situational awareness levels are negatively correlated with information importance affiliations and the frequency of anomalous information in non-primary tasks. (4) Dual-channel cues lead to higher levels of situational awareness than single-channel cues. (5) Operators’ situational awareness is lower at high automation levels.","PeriodicalId":221960,"journal":{"name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141400135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0