Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment最新文献

{"title":"Patients With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Co-occurring Substance Use Disorder: A Clinical Intervention Study","authors":"Sharon JN Walhout, J. V. Zanten, L. DeFuentes-Merillas, C. Sonneborn, M. Bosma","doi":"10.1177/11782218221085599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/11782218221085599","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The prevalence of substance use disorders (SUD) in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) appears to be higher than previously described. Attention has been drawn to developing new treatment approaches for this patient population, as they appear to do less well with traditional addiction treatment. There is very little research addressing treatment outcome. This study aims to introduce and evaluate a manualized group treatment intervention developed specifically for patients with ASD and co-occurring SUD. Methods: We developed a group treatment based on cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and evaluated outcome measures at the end of treatment and 3-month follow-up. Fifty-seven patients with ASD and co-occurring SUD were included of which 30 completed the group intervention, 27 of them also participated at 3-month follow-up. Results: The findings suggest that group treatment can work for patients with ASD and co-occurring SUD. Lower levels of alcohol use (t = 3.61, P = .002, d = 0.75), craving (t = 2.65, P = .013, d = 0.51), passive coping styles (t = 2.32, P = .030, d = 0.48), depression (t = 3.48, P = .002, d = 0.67), anxiety (t = 3.02, P = .006, d = 0.58), and stress (t = 2.62, P = .015, d = 0.51) symptoms were reported after completing the group intervention, with even stronger effects at 3 months follow-up. Conclusions: The present study shows promising results of a tailor-made group intervention in a heterogeneous patient population with ASD and co-occurring SUD with positive effects on both symptoms of ASD and SUD.","PeriodicalId":22185,"journal":{"name":"Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42213953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Substance Use in University Students, Ethiopia.","authors":"Tewodros Shegute, Yared Wasihun","doi":"10.1177/11782218211003558","DOIUrl":"10.1177/11782218211003558","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although substance use is a known public health problem and a pressing issue in Ethiopia, its real extent and magnitude are not yet properly explored. The current study aimed to determine the extent and predictors of substance use among regular undergraduate students in the Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa University.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An institution-based cross-sectional study was carried among 794 undergraduate regular students at the Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa University, using a self-administered structured questionnaire filled by study participants. Data entry, cleaning, and coding were performed by EPI-INFO version 3.5.1. Statistical Package for Social Sciences; AOR: Adjusted odds ratio (SPSS) SPSS version 21 software was used to analyze data by performing descriptive statistics, bivar<b>i</b>ate, and multivariate analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>73.7% of the study participants used substances at least once. The lifetime use of each substance includes alcohol (68.2%), khat (53.6%), cigarettes (46.1%), and illicit drugs (23.3%). Loss of family (AOR [95%CI], 34.50 [7.569, 157.263]), pocket money between 500 and 999 Ethiopian birr (AOR [95%CI], 9.978 [1.240, 80.280]), and above 1000 Ethiopian birr (AOR [95%CI], 10.831 [1.333, 87.971]) were identified predictors for khat use. The odds of lifetime alcohol use was higher among students coming from a divorced family (AOR [95%CI], 9.346 [3.162, 27.625]), lost one (AOR [95%CI], 37.406 [11.375, 123.008]), or both of their parents (AOR [95%CI], 18.750 [5.798, 60.633]). Students of urban origin (AOR [95%CI], 3.214 [1.950, 5.296]), and students with anxiety symptoms (AOR [95%CI], 2.655 [1.981, 3.557]) have a higher odds of lifetime cigarette smoking. The lifetime exposure to illicit drugs is higher among students in age groups between 20 and 24 years (AOR [95%CI], 5.963 [1.361, 26.135]), students coming from substance user family (AOR [95%CI], 2.172 [1.161, 4.063]), and students of urban origin (AOR [95%CI], 2.661 [1.202, 5.889]).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A higher prevalence of substance use requiring administrative and educational interventions was observed. Awareness creation interventions on the potential impacts of substance abuse should be performed.</p>","PeriodicalId":22185,"journal":{"name":"Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment","volume":"15 ","pages":"11782218211003558"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/5e/a0/10.1177_11782218211003558.PMC8013928.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10658717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Truck Drivers' Cigarette Smoking and Preferred Smoking Cessation Methods.","authors":"Robert Kagabo,&nbsp;Matthew S Thiese,&nbsp;Emilee Eden,&nbsp;Andria Colvin Thatcher,&nbsp;Melissa Gonzalez,&nbsp;Kolawole Okuyemi","doi":"10.1177/1178221820949262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1178221820949262","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Some studies show that truck drivers use tobacco and other stimulants to stay awake as they drive. Despite their increased risks for many of tobacco-related health disparities, there is limited engagement of truck drivers in smoking cessation programs. The objective of this study was to describe smoking characteristics and identify their preferred smoking cessation methods among truck drivers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional mixed methods study. Participants were truck drivers recruited at trucking companies in Utah in 2019. Participants were either individually interviewed (n = 4), or filled out a survey (n = 33). We conducted qualitative data analysis of the interviews followed by descriptive statistics of smoking and cessation characteristics from the survey.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Reasons for smoking included, staying awake, stress reduction, or something to do while driving. Of the drivers surveyed, 68.8% were daily smokers while 97% had smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their life time. The mean number of cigarettes per day (cpd) was 15.7, and 25 among those who had 10 or more cpd. Sixty-one percent had made at least a quit attempt. In addition to counseling or brief advice, 68% reported interest in using Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) either as gum or patch to help them quit. 21% reported interest in telephone text messaging to engage them in treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cigarette smoking is a public health problem among truck drivers. Our findings suggest that truck drivers are interested in quitting smoking. Evidence based interventions tailored to this population are needed to help them quit and reduce their smoking-related morbidity.</p>","PeriodicalId":22185,"journal":{"name":"Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment","volume":"14 ","pages":"1178221820949262"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1178221820949262","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9919257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pain severity and e-cigarette health literacy: the moderating role of sex.","authors":"Tanya Smit,&nbsp;Hannah Olofsson,&nbsp;Pamella Nizio,&nbsp;Lorra Garey,&nbsp;Michael J Zvolensky","doi":"10.1177/1178221819897070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1178221819897070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use has increased among adults in the United States, there is still little knowledge of factors that may influence e-cigarette use or beliefs about use. Prior research suggests that health literacy plays an important role in e-cigarette beliefs, including perceived benefits and risks of e-cigarette use, as well as e-cigarette dependence. Yet, limited work has examined risk factors of poor e-cigarette health literacy. From a biopsychological perspective, sex and pain severity represent two constructs that may impact e-cigarette health literacy. To date, however, no research has investigated differences in e-cigarette health literacy across pain, sex, or their interrelation. Thus, the present study was conducted to evaluate the interactive effect of pain severity and sex on e-cigarette health literacy. Participants included 319 current, adult e-cigarette users (60.5% female, <i>M_age</i> = 36.82 years, <i>SD = </i>10.62). Findings supported a significant pain by sex interaction, such that pain related to e-cigarette health literacy among women (<i>b = </i>.10, <i>SE</i> = .03, <i>P</i> < .001), but not men (<i>b = </i>.01, <i>SE</i> = .03, <i>P</i> = .60). The present findings suggest that pain may uniquely impact the degree to which women, but not men, seek and understand information on e-cigarettes.</p>","PeriodicalId":22185,"journal":{"name":"Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment","volume":"13 ","pages":"1178221819897070"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1178221819897070","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37517273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promoting Recovery from Substance Misuse through Engagement with Community Assets: Asset Based Community Engagement","authors":"Beth Collinson, D. Best","doi":"10.1177/1178221819876575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1178221819876575","url":null,"abstract":"Evidence shows that engagement with community resources can aid the process of recovery from substance misuse, yet systematic approaches to mapping resources and building bridges to these for recovery populations are limited. If done successfully, engagement with resources that are pro-social and afford access to meaningful activities not only provides a platform for personal development, but also has the ability to trigger a social contagion of positive behaviour and improve connectedness within communities. The current paper uses Asset Based Community Development (ABCD) as the basis for an enhanced version called Asset Based Community Engagement (ABCE). The work of ABCD has been pivotal in encouraging citizen-led, strengths-based approaches to community development, yet scientific support for it remains limited. While this approach has gained much traction, it has been subject to criticism for being too optimistic and unsystematic. In response to this, the new framework, ABCE, offers a more structured approach to mapping community resources. It does however advance previous work by acknowledging the need to identify current levels of community engagement and barriers to engagement, in order to support empowerment, maximise personal capital and address barriers to engagement. Identifying barriers to engagement should not draw ABCE away from its strengths-based focus but instead, provide a platform for person-centred, holistic support to be provided to those in recovery. To support the new framework, a workbook has been developed, offering a practical output that is intended to be used by the individual in recovery alongside a member of staff within a professional service supporting the individual.","PeriodicalId":22185,"journal":{"name":"Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1178221819876575","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43245867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decreased Cigarette Smoking but No Change in Use of Electronic Cigarettes Following a University-Wide Smoking Ban","authors":"Ben Allen, G. Stuart","doi":"10.1177/1178221819874351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1178221819874351","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of electronic cigarette use is increasing, particularly among youth. This recent trend is troubling given that electronic cigarette use is associated with future cigarette smoking. Here, we assessed the prevalence of cigarette smoking and use of electronic cigarettes among college students before and after implementation of a university-wide smoking ban on campus. We found that after the smoking ban was implemented, the prevalence of self-reported combustible cigarette smoking decreased (12% versus 7%; unadjusted: OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.34, 0.89, p = 0.015), but we did not observe a difference in the prevalence of electronic cigarette use (26.3% versus 27.5%; unadjusted: OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 0.78, 1.43, p = 0.699). Future studies should identify factors that increase the impact of university smoking policies on electronic cigarette use.","PeriodicalId":22185,"journal":{"name":"Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1178221819874351","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43188859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Value of Outdoor Behavioral Healthcare for Adolescent Substance Users with Comorbid Conditions.","authors":"Michael Gass,&nbsp;Thomas Wilson,&nbsp;Brett Talbot,&nbsp;Anita Tucker,&nbsp;Melissa Ugianskis,&nbsp;Nicholas Brennan","doi":"10.1177/1178221819870768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1178221819870768","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The damage inflicted on our society by mental health and substance use issues is reaching epidemic proportions with few signs of abating. One new and innovative strategy for addressing these comorbid issues has been the development of outdoor behavioral healthcare (OBH). This study compared the effectiveness of three post-acute adolescent substance use situations: OBH, treatment as usual (TAU), and no structured treatment (NST). The simulated target population was 13-17 years old with comorbid substance use and mental health issues. When costs were adjusted for actual completion rates of 94% in OBH, 37% in TAU, and $0 for NST, the actual treatment costs per person were $27 426 for OBH and $31 113 for TAU. OBH also had a cost-benefit ratio of 60.4% higher than TAU, an increased Quality in Life Years (QALY) life span, societal benefits of an additional $36 100, and 424% better treatment outcomes as measured by the Youth Outcome Questionnaire (YOQ) research instrument.</p>","PeriodicalId":22185,"journal":{"name":"Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment","volume":"13 ","pages":"1178221819870768"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1178221819870768","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41213577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaping Expectancies: A Qualitative Study among Young Adult <i>Nonusers</i>, Smokers, <i>Vapers</i>, and Dual Users.","authors":"Paul T Harrell, Thomas H Brandon, Kelli J England, Tracey E Barnett, Laurel O Brockenberry, Vani N Simmons, Gwendolyn P Quinn","doi":"10.1177/1178221819866210","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1178221819866210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>\"Expectancies,\" or beliefs about outcomes, robustly correlate with and predict several behaviors including electronic nicotine delivery system (\"e-cigarette\") use. However, there is limited qualitative research available regarding relevant e-cigarette vaping expectancies.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The present study used a qualitative approach to derive and refine e-cigarette expectancy themes among young adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted 12 focus groups and two individual interviews with young adult <i>nonusers</i>, e-cigarette <i>vapers</i>, cigarette smokers, and dual users to assess beliefs about the effects of e-cigarettes. After a series of open-ended questions, follow-up questions assessed reactions to domains previously examined in expectancy measures for cigarette smoking and e-cigarette vaping. The constant comparative method was used to derive themes from transcripts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four main themes (<i>Positive Reinforcement, Social Benefits, Negative Affect Reduction, Negative Consequences</i>) emerged from the results. Each theme contained three associated subthemes (<i>Positive Reinforcement</i>: Sensorimotor Experiences, Taste, Stimulation; <i>Social Benefits</i>: Social Facilitation, Influence on Others, Convenience; <i>Negative Affect Reduction</i>: Stress Reduction, Appetite Reduction, Boredom Reduction; and <i>Negative Consequences</i>: Health Risks, Addiction, Secondhand Effects).</p><p><strong>Conclusions/importance: </strong>Previously identified smoking expectancies appear relevant for young adult vaping, with some notable refinements. Positive reinforcement aspects encompassed aerosol clouds, vaping tricks, and unique flavors. Social benefits included influencing others via social media and competitive activity, as well as the convenience of use in a variety of places. Negative affect reduction was controversial among user groups, but vaping was seen as more interesting than smoking and thus more effective at boredom reduction. Young adults were uncertain regarding negative consequences, but appreciated a potential for secondhand effects. Measure refinement via qualitative research and future field testing can enhance our understanding of this relatively new behavior, supporting tobacco control surveillance, marketing/labeling regulations, and counter-advertising development/evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":22185,"journal":{"name":"Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment","volume":"13 ","pages":"1178221819866210"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3c/6e/10.1177_1178221819866210.PMC6702779.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41213578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence of Modeling Impact in Development of Policies for Controlling the Opioid Epidemic and Improving Public Health: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Nasser Sharareh,&nbsp;Shabnam S Sabounchi,&nbsp;Mary McFarland,&nbsp;Rachel Hess","doi":"10.1177/1178221819866211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1178221819866211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Opioid addiction and overdose rates are reaching unprecedented levels in the U.S., with around 47,736 overdose deaths in 2017. Many stakeholders affect the opioid epidemic, including government entities, healthcare providers and policymakers, and opioid users. Simulation and conceptual modeling can help us understand the dynamics of the opioid epidemic by simplifying the real world and informing policymakers about different health interventions that could reduce the deaths caused by opioid overdose in the United States every year.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To conduct a scoping review of simulation and conceptual models that propose policies capable of controlling the opioid epidemic. We demonstrate the strengths and limitations of these models and provide a framework for further improvement of future decision support tools.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the methodology of a scoping review, we identified articles published after 2000 from eight electronic databases to map the literature that uses simulation and conceptual modeling in developing public health policies to address the opioid epidemic.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We reviewed 472 papers of which 14 were appropriate for inclusion. Each used either system dynamics simulation modeling, mathematical modeling, conceptual modeling, or agent-based modeling. All included studies tested and proposed strategies to improve health outcomes related to the opioid epidemic. Factors considered in the models included physicians prescribing opioids, trafficking, users recruiting new users, and doctor shopping; no model investigated the impact of age and spatial factors on the dynamics of the epidemic. Key findings from these studies were (1) prevention of opioid initiation is better than treatment of opioid addiction, (2) the analysis of an intervention's impact should include both benefits and harms, and (3) interventions with short-term benefits might have a counterproductive impact on the epidemic in long run.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While most studies examined the role of prescription opioids and trafficking on this epidemic, the transition of patients from prescription opioid use to nonprescription use including heroin and synthetic opioids such as fentanyl impacts the system significantly and results in an epidemic with quite different characteristics than what it had a decade ago. We recommend including the impact of age and geographic location on the opioid epidemic using modeling methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":22185,"journal":{"name":"Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment","volume":"13 ","pages":"1178221819866211"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1178221819866211","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41213576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiorespiratory Fitness Predicts Greater Vagal Autonomic Activity in Drug Users Under Stress.","authors":"Daniel Aranha Rego Cabral,&nbsp;Kell Grandjean da Costa,&nbsp;Vagner Deuel de Oliveira Tavares,&nbsp;Maria Luiza de Medeiros Rêgo,&nbsp;Heloiana Karoliny Campos Faro,&nbsp;Eduardo Bodnariuc Fontes","doi":"10.1177/1178221819862283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1178221819862283","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While drug use has been shown to impair cardiac autonomic regulation, exercise might overcome some of the damage. Herein, we describe how individuals with substance use disorder (SUD) have their heart rate variability (HRV) and drug-related behaviors negatively affected in response to a stressor. However, we show how cardiorespiratory fitness may attenuate those impairments in autonomic control. Fifteen individuals with SUD were matched with 15 non-SUD individuals by age, weight, height, and fitness level, and had their HRV responses under stress induced by the Cold Pressor Test (CPT). The SUD group had lower mean of R-R intervals before and after the CPT when compared with the non-SUD group. In addition, in individuals with SUD, higher cardiorespiratory fitness level predicted greater vagal activity before, during, and after CPT. Moreover, for individuals with SUD, days of abstinence predicted greater mean of R-R intervals during recovery from the CPT. Finally, years of drug use negatively predicted mean of R-R intervals during recovery. Thus, our results suggest that chronic drug use impairs cardiac autonomic regulation at rest and after a physical stress. However, cardiorespiratory fitness might attenuate these impairments by increasing vagal autonomic activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":22185,"journal":{"name":"Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment","volume":"13 ","pages":"1178221819862283"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1178221819862283","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41213575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}