Taiwan Journal of Forest Science最新文献_第9页

Soil Characteristics and Genesis Processes of a Subtropical Low-Elevation Mountain Forest in Central Taiwan 台湾中部亚热带低海拔山地森林土壤特征及形成过程

Taiwan Journal of Forest Science Pub Date : 2009-03-01 DOI: 10.7075/TJFS.200903.0027

S. Jien, C. Chiu, Tsai-Huei Chen

{"title":"Soil Characteristics and Genesis Processes of a Subtropical Low-Elevation Mountain Forest in Central Taiwan","authors":"S. Jien, C. Chiu, Tsai-Huei Chen","doi":"10.7075/TJFS.200903.0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7075/TJFS.200903.0027","url":null,"abstract":"Two representative soil pedons under natural broadleaf stands in the Lienhuachih Experiment Forest in central Taiwan were selected to investigate their soil characteristics and evaluate soil genesis processes. The studied soils were acidic (pH 3.80~4.92) with low organic carbon contents (＜4%) and extremely low base saturation (＜5%), which correspond to forest soils in tropical and subtropical regions. Brunification and laterization were found in forest soils where well crystalline iron and aluminum contents are relatively high (＞50%). There was an illuviation phenomenon of clay and free Fe and Al oxides (Fe(subscript d) and Al(subscript d)) in the studied soils, whereas amorphous Fe and Al oxides (Fe(subscript o) and Al(subscript o)) and organic Fe and Al complexes (Fe(subscript p) and Al(subscript p)) were predominant forms in the surface soils of this forest due to effects of the soil organic matter. Well-developed soils were found at the footslope site owing to higher contents of well crystalline Fe and Al oxides compared to those at the backslope site. Soils at the footslope site with bisequences were classified as Typic Hapludults, and those at the backslope site were classified as Typic Dystrudepts. We concluded that the soils have undergone strong weathering under paleoclimatic conditions. These soils had been disturbed in the past and had gone in new genesis directions due to erosion and colluvial conditions resulting from the unstable topography and frequent tectonic episodes.","PeriodicalId":22180,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Forest Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81920754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Antioxidant Activity of Constituents from the Methanolic Extract of Acacia confusa Leaves 金合欢叶甲醇提取物成分的抗氧化活性研究

Taiwan Journal of Forest Science Pub Date : 2009-03-01 DOI: 10.7075/TJFS.200903.0061

Shaw-Shien Lin, I. Shiau, Shang-Tzen Chang

{"title":"Antioxidant Activity of Constituents from the Methanolic Extract of Acacia confusa Leaves","authors":"Shaw-Shien Lin, I. Shiau, Shang-Tzen Chang","doi":"10.7075/TJFS.200903.0061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7075/TJFS.200903.0061","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the antioxidant activities of the leaf extract of Acacia confusa and constituents isolated from its ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction were investigated for the first time using various in vitro assays. Ten antioxidant compounds, namely, 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester (1), 5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyl-flavone (2), myricetin 3-O-(3”-O-galloyl)-α-rhamnopyranoside (3), myricetin 3-O-(3”-O-galloyl)-α-rhamnopyranoside 7-methyl ether (4), myricetin 3-O-(2”-O-galloyl)-α-rhamnopyranoside 7-methyl ether (5), myricetin-3-O-β-glucopyranoside (6), myricetin-3-O-α-rhamnopyranoside (7), myricetin 3-O-(2”-O-galloyl)-α-rhamnopyranoside (8), quercetin-3-O-α-rhamnopyranoside (9), and europetin-3-O-α-rhamnopyranoside (10) were isolated and identified from the leaf extract. In addition, their 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity, superoxide radical-scavenging activity, and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) were compared with catechin (as the positive control). As to the DPPH-scavenging activity, all compounds except for 1 and 2 displayed greater antioxidant capacities than catechin (EC50=10.3 μM), and all of their TEAC values were higher than that of catechin (3.49 mM of trolox) except for 1, 6, 9, and 10. In addition, all compounds except for 1, 2, 5, and 6, also expressed as high a superoxide radical scavenging activity as catechin (EC50=7.4 μM).","PeriodicalId":22180,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Forest Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89468450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Nomencleture Changes of Some Orchids in China and Taiwan 中国和台湾一些兰花的命名变化

Taiwan Journal of Forest Science Pub Date : 2009-03-01 DOI: 10.7075/TJFS.200903.0075

T. Hsu, Shih‐Wen Chung

引用次数: 1

Camellia kissi Wallich (Theaceae): A Newly Recorded Tree from Taiwan 山茶树(山茶科):台湾新记录树种

Taiwan Journal of Forest Science Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.7075/TJFS.200812.0301

M. Su, C. Hsieh, C. Tsou, Jenn‐Che Wang

引用次数: 2

Dissipation of Glyphosate Injected into the Lead Tree (Leucaena leucocephala) in Different Seasons in Taiwan 台湾不同季节注射草甘膦对铅树的耗散

Taiwan Journal of Forest Science Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.7075/TJFS.200812.0287

Rongjun Chen, Hsiang-Hua Wang, Ching-Yuh Wang

{"title":"Dissipation of Glyphosate Injected into the Lead Tree (Leucaena leucocephala) in Different Seasons in Taiwan","authors":"Rongjun Chen, Hsiang-Hua Wang, Ching-Yuh Wang","doi":"10.7075/TJFS.200812.0287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7075/TJFS.200812.0287","url":null,"abstract":"To determine the appropriate way to control the lead tree (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam) de. Wit), an invasive plant in Taiwan, 3 concentrations with an equal amount of glyphosate (18.8 mmole) were applied in spring and summer, respectively, and glyphosate residues in the plants and soils were monitored. A good control effect was observed with injecting a commercial product of glyphosate without dilution, especially in spring. Measurements of glyphosate residues in the upper (25 cm above the upper injection hole), middle (between the 2 injection holes), and lower (25 cm below the lower injection hole) parts of the lead tree, as well as in forest soils in spring and summer experiments showed that this herbicide began to sharply dissipate after treatment, which was accelerated by high temperatures and heavy rainfall from typhoons. In the spring experiment, it required ca. 1 yr for glyphosate residues in both the lead trees and soils to drop to a few parts per million, while this period was further shortened in the summer experiment. Thus, there is only a small possibility of glyphosate pollution of the soil environment of lead tree forests. Analysis of glyphosate in xylem and phloem from different parts of the plants revealed that after injection, glyphosate gradually diffused acropetally, basipetally, and laterally from the xylem tissue to the surrounding phloem tissue. Glyphosate appeared to preferentially diffuse to and accumulate in phloem near the injection hole for further long-distance translocation in phloem tissue.","PeriodicalId":22180,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Forest Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76247055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Light-fast Performance of Coated Handmade Papers 涂布手工纸的耐光性能

Taiwan Journal of Forest Science Pub Date : 2008-06-01 DOI: 10.7075/TJFS.200806.0155

Kuo-Tsai Wang, E. I. Wang, Y. Perng

{"title":"Light-fast Performance of Coated Handmade Papers","authors":"Kuo-Tsai Wang, E. I. Wang, Y. Perng","doi":"10.7075/TJFS.200806.0155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7075/TJFS.200806.0155","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study was to prepare Fenglachien papers, a kind of high-caliber coated paper mostly for Chinese calligraphic use made of coated handmade paper. The parameters studied for the coating and color formulations included the boon papers, white complex pigments. various hued pigments and their concentrations, binders, and additives such as a wax emulsion, an insolubilizer, and a photostabilizer. All coated papers were evaluated for their light-fastness through UV irradiation, as this is one of the most important preservation characteristics for colored Fenglachien paper. We also tested the light fastness of glossy golden-and silver-colored pearlite pigments used for color-painting and pattern-printing on the coated papers. The results indicated that the 2 kinds of base papers performed differently in terms of the white and colored pigments. The colored pigments interacted with the binders in complicated ways, and there appeared to be no rule for the changes observed. For the same colors, a more-saturated hue had better light-fastness than a paler hue. Among the white pigments, precipitated silica had the best light-fastness performance, while titanium dioxide fared the worst. The wax emulsion and insolubilizer contributed positively to the light-fastness of the Fenglachien paper. The tested photostabilizer, however, did not appear to have the anticipated efficacy. Certain synthetic golden pigments showed good light-fastness that allowed for the substitution for actual gold foil flakes for pattern-printing of Fenglachien graphic designs.","PeriodicalId":22180,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Forest Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73150186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

No Effect of Host Tree Species on the Physiology of the Epiphytic Orchid Bulbophyllum japonicum in a Subtropical Rainforest in Northeastern Taiwan 寄主树种对台湾东北亚热带雨林附生兰生理的影响

Taiwan Journal of Forest Science Pub Date : 2007-09-01 DOI: 10.7075/TJFS.200709.0241

C. Martin, T. Lin, C. Hsu, Shin‐Hwei Lin

引用次数: 10

Precipitation Chemistry at the Lienhuachi Experimental Forest in Central Taiwan 台湾中部连花池实验林降水化学研究

Taiwan Journal of Forest Science Pub Date : 2007-03-01 DOI: 10.7075/TJFS.200703.0001

H. Hsiao, T. Lin, J. Hwong, Chih Chien Huang, N. Lin

{"title":"Precipitation Chemistry at the Lienhuachi Experimental Forest in Central Taiwan","authors":"H. Hsiao, T. Lin, J. Hwong, Chih Chien Huang, N. Lin","doi":"10.7075/TJFS.200703.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7075/TJFS.200703.0001","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines weekly wet-only precipitation chemistry in the Lienhuachi Experimental Forest between October 2004 and September 2005. The volume-weighted mean annual pH was 4.84, lower than the Taiwan Environmental Protection Adminstration's criterion for acid rain (pH＜5.0). It was also lower than the value measured 13 years ago at the same site (5.51), despite decreases in the emissions of acidic pollutants over the same period of time. Coincident decreases in the emission of particulate pollutants with high concentrations of acid-neutralizing base cations, as well as differences in the collection methods (wet-only versus bulk precipitation) are possible explanations for the observed differences in precipitation pH. Seasonally, pH was lower in spring and winter than in summer and fall. This pattern is in agreement with many other studies throughout Taiwan and is often attributed to the high contribution of pollutants transported from China in the winter and spring. The rates of S and inorganic N deposition, of 11.5 and 13.8 kg ha-1 yr-1, respectively, were higher than those in the northeastern US where high acid deposition is a major concern in forest nutrient cycling and health. The impacts of such high acidic deposition on forest ecosystems need to be thoroughly examined. The rate of S deposition observed in the Lienhuachi Experimental Forest is similar to those of several other forest ecosystems in central Taiwan, whereas the rate of N deposition at the Lienhuachi Experimental Forest is considerably higher. It appears that areas of high N deposition are more localized than those of S deposition. The application of commercial fertilizers around the Lienhuachi Experimental Forest may explain the observed higher N deposition at our study site compared to other forest ecosystems in central Taiwan.","PeriodicalId":22180,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Forest Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78130616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Decisions Affecting Estimations of Understory Light Environments during Photograph Acquisition, Storage, and Analysis Using Hemispherical Photography 影响半球面摄影在照片采集、存储和分析过程中林下光环境估计的决策

Taiwan Journal of Forest Science Pub Date : 2006-09-01 DOI: 10.7075/TJFS.200609.0281

Hsueh-Ching Wang, T. Lin

{"title":"Decisions Affecting Estimations of Understory Light Environments during Photograph Acquisition, Storage, and Analysis Using Hemispherical Photography","authors":"Hsueh-Ching Wang, T. Lin","doi":"10.7075/TJFS.200609.0281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7075/TJFS.200609.0281","url":null,"abstract":"Hemispherical photography has been used to study forest canopy geometry and understory light environments for approximately half a century. Several studies have examined some potential problems and limitations of hemispherical photography from image acquisition and storage to analysis. General users of hemispherical photography should be aware of situations when these problems might have major impact on their studies, and of solutions to many of the problems, which rely on advances in techniques and associated computer technology. In this study, we examined the influences of camera type, resolution, compression, and the image analysis package on the estimation of canopy light transmittance using hemispherical photography. The results indicate that compression did not affect the estimation of canopy light transmittance in our studied forest but resolution did; higher resolutions yielded higher estimates of canopy light transmittance. We found that storing uncompressed images is much more time consuming, which can be a disadvantage in the field when the time-period suitable for hemispherical photograph acquisition is limited. We recommend the use of compressed high-resolution images in forests with dense canopies because they provide better distinction between small plant components and gaps. Digital and film camera systems differed in estimates of canopy light transmittance by more than 5%, as did different analytical packages. Any cross-study comparison must look into the resolution, software, and camera system being used. If canopy light transmittance differs by less than 10%, researchers should interpret their results with great caution. We also found that estimates of indirect light transmittance were less robust than direct light transmittance. This is because there is less uncertainty in the calculation of transmittance for the center of a hemispherical photograph which at subtropical latitudes is mostly located in the sun path and contributes more to direct than indirect light transmittance.","PeriodicalId":22180,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Forest Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86528667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Silvicultural Thinning Intensity Effects on Increasing the Growth of Planted Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda L.) Stands in Northern Iran 造林间伐强度对人工火炬松生长的促进作用矗立在伊朗北部

Taiwan Journal of Forest Science Pub Date : 2006-09-01 DOI: 10.7075/TJFS.200609.0317

A. Bonyad

{"title":"Silvicultural Thinning Intensity Effects on Increasing the Growth of Planted Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda L.) Stands in Northern Iran","authors":"A. Bonyad","doi":"10.7075/TJFS.200609.0317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7075/TJFS.200609.0317","url":null,"abstract":"Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) is 1 of the main exotic species in commercial plantations in northern Iran. These plantations are situated in the Caspian forests of Iran, which border the southern coast of the Caspian Sea and cover an area of 1.9×10^6 ha. For the present experiment, unthinned, and lightly and moderately thinned stands were selected as 3 populations. Data were collected from a total of 180 trees among the different stand densities. For basal area analysis, 93 plots were measured. Variables such as diameter at breast height (dbh), total height, tree volume, bark thickness, basal area per hectare, crown length, and crown diameter were measured. The growth rate ratios of dbh in the lightly and moderately thinned stands were 1.09 and 1.18, while the mean annual increments of basal area growth rates in the 2 thinned populations were 1.186 and 1.20, respectively. Moderate thinning increased the volume of stands by about 20.60% of the stand volume. This analysis indicated that moderate thinning drastically affected the basal area and the growth rate of volume. After thinning, dimensions of live crowns increased and more branches were evident. Percentages of live crown ratios in the 3 study populations were calculated to be 41.23, 43.87, and 44.52%. Growth rate interpretations were supported by statistical multivariate analysis of variance using Wilk's (Λ) and Hotelling's T(superscript 2 subscript 2) tests. Wilk's test was carried out on a mean vector of 6 variables in the 3 study populations. The null-hypothesis (F(subscript c)=14.435＞F(subscript t)=4.37) was rejected at the 0.01 level of significance. Thus, the results indicated that moderate thinning significantly influenced increased growth rates of planted loblolly pine stands.","PeriodicalId":22180,"journal":{"name":"Taiwan Journal of Forest Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81039798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8