Max Planck Institute for Legal History & Legal Theory Research Paper Series最新文献

{"title":"Legislation on the Heritage Protection and Restoration of Antiquity. The Case of the Acropolis of Athens in the Nineteenth Century.","authors":"C. Mannoni","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3841388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3841388","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis of the restoration carried out on the Acropolis of Athens between 1834 and 1875 offers the opportunity to evaluate the inferences of law and artistic taste on the reconstruction of one of the most famous monuments in the world. The ethical and aesthetic ambiguities of this early work are outlined through the study of Leo von Klenze’s memoranda on the refurbishment of the Acropolis temples, and the first laws on the protection of the Greek heritage issued by the Bavarian rulers in 1834 and 1837. In particular, the discussion will consider Klenze’s guidelines in relation to his conceptual inconsistencies about Romanticism and Neoclassicism, and within the implications – both juridical and aesthetic – of the edicts issued on the safeguard of antiquity in Greece. As will be argued, this early restoration not only would transform the Acropolis historical profile, but also affect the later refurbishment completed on the site in the twentieth century.","PeriodicalId":221394,"journal":{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Legal History & Legal Theory Research Paper Series","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129155378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ministros De Los Tribunales (DCH) (Court Ministers (DCH))","authors":"Jaime Ricardo Gouveia","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3862514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3862514","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Spanish Abstract:</b> La acción de la justicia eclesiástica era ejercida por un cuerpo de ministros y oficiales con funciones específicas. Enmarcados en el derecho canónico, sus perfiles y competencias fueron adaptados de acuerdo a las circunstancias históricas, las realidades espaciales y culturales de las poblaciones. La producción de nuevos corpus jurídicos a través de experiencias conciliares previas junto con los aportes de las distintas partes en el proceso de reorganización de la Iglesia en el nuevo mundo, permitió ajustes normativos de acuerdo a las circunstancias del lugar y el momento. Este estudio analiza los impactos que esos ajustes acarrearon en las estructuras eclesiásticas de justicia en Hispanoamérica, principalmente tratando de indagar cómo se organizaban los tribunales tanto en la doctrina, como en las prácticas locales. Se investiga si se disponía de una forma organizativa para las diversas instancias y cómo las propias prácticas judiciales diocesanas generaron especificidades locales. Nos preguntamos también cómo el propio cuerpo de ministros, oficiales y agentes de la justicia se iba ajustando a cada lugar o situación, y cómo los corpus legales y doctrinales podían establecer patrones generales en cuanto a sus perfiles, prerrogativas, atribuciones, estipendios y penas.<br><br><b>English Abstract:</b> The action of ecclesiastical justice was exercised by a body of ministers and officials with specific functions. Their profile and competences were adapted according to the historical circumstances and the spatial and cultural realities of the population. The production of a new juridical corpus through previous conciliar experiences and the contributions of different parties to the reorganizing process of the Church in the new world allowed for normative adjustments in accordance with temporal and spatial circumstances. This study analyses the impact that such adjustments had on the ecclesiastical structures of justice in Spanish America, mainly by investigating how the courts were organized, both in the doctrine and in local practices. The author explores whether the same organizational form was available for the various instances and how the diocesan judicial practices themselves generated local specificities. He also asks how the body of ministers, its officials and agents of justice, locally adjusted itself to each situation, and how the legal and doctrinal corpus could establish general patterns in terms of their profiles, prerogatives, attributions, stipends and penalties.","PeriodicalId":221394,"journal":{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Legal History & Legal Theory Research Paper Series","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134370927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arrendamiento y Alquiler (DCH) (Letting and Hiring (DCH))","authors":"A. Dauchy","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3344465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3344465","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Spanish Abstract:</b> Este artículo describe la doctrina canónica del contrato de arrendamiento y alquiler en la temprana edad moderna y en el contexto de las Indias españolas, en tanto era usado para bienes como para servicios. Las obligaciones de las partes estaban caracterizadas por la necesidad de un balance entre ellas, en particular, en cuanto al precio justo o remuneración respectivamente. La equidad podía restaurar este balance, especialmente protegiendo el arrendador que presta sus servicios. Las aplicaciones de las posibilidades contractuales protectoras fueron incluso discutidas en relación a la población indígena y una versión corrompidas del contrato fue usada para emplear en el trabajo forzado. El uso del contrato fue estructurado de manera que en distintos oficios por varias razones no pudiera ser utilizado, o solo bajo ciertas circunstancias. En relación con el alquiler, también se trata la enfiteusis en tanto que son contratos similares que pueden ser asimilados el uno al otro.<br><br><b>English Abstract:</b> Within the context of the Spanish Indies, this article describes the canonical doctrine in early modern times related to the contract of letting and hiring, which could involve either possessions or services. The obligations of the parties were characterised by the requirement for a balance of respective benefits to the parties, such as a fair price or remuneration. Equity could possibly restore this balance, especially to protect the lessor who is providing his services. The application of the contractual protective virtues to the Indians was nevertheless discussed, and a corrupted version of the contract implying forced labour did appear. The use of the contract was also structured so that various professions, for a variety of reasons, either could not make use of the contract or only under certain conditions. Letting also calls for a comparison with emphyteusis insofar as these relatively similar contracts could be assimilated to each other.","PeriodicalId":221394,"journal":{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Legal History & Legal Theory Research Paper Series","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115844456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ayuno Eclesiástico (DCH) (The Ecclesiastical Fast (DCH))","authors":"Claudio Ferlan","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.3260582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3260582","url":null,"abstract":"Spanish Abstract: El articulo describe las doctrinas y practicas especificas en cuanto a las leyes y reglas del ayuno eclesiastico. Partiendo de la definicion del topico en la tradicion romano-catolica de la temprana edad moderna y se estudia el desarrollo de las reglas canonicas en el contexto de las Indias espanolas. \u0000 \u0000English Abstract: The article describes specific doctrine and practices regarding the laws and rules of the ecclesiastical fast. Starting from the definition of this topic in the early modern Roman Catholic tradition, the study examines the development of the canon rules in the context of the Spanish Indies.","PeriodicalId":221394,"journal":{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Legal History & Legal Theory Research Paper Series","volume":"11 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116810144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Les voyages du droit du Portugal à Rome. Le ‘Manual de confessores’ de Martín de Azpilcueta (1492-1586) et ses traductions (The Travels of Law from Portugal to Rome. Martín de Azpilcueta's 'Manual de confessores' (1492-1586) and its Translations)","authors":"Manuela Bragagnolo","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.3287684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3287684","url":null,"abstract":"French Abstract: Le « Manual de confessores » du celebre canoniste espagnol Martin de Azpilcueta (1492-1586) fut un veritable best seller au XVIe siecle. Il joua un role fondamental dans la construction du savoir normatif et cela non seulement en Europe mais, grâce a la presence massive de l’ouvrage dans les bibliotheques missionnaires, aussi bien dans le Nouveau Monde et, on pourrait dire, dans le monde entier. \u0000 \u0000Au travers de l’analyse de l’histoire editoriale tres complexe de ce texte, revise, transforme et traduit plusieurs fois par l’auteur dans ses voyages du Portugal a Rome, cet article met en lumiere l’importance de la traduction, et notamment de l’« autotraduction », dans la production du savoir juridique au XVIe siecle, montrant comment le fait de repenser et reecrire un texte dans une autre langue eut un impact non seulement dans la forme mais aussi dans le contenu. \u0000 \u0000English Abstract: The “Manual for Confessors” by the celebrated canon law professor Martin de Azpilcueta (1492-1586) was a real bestseller of the 16th century. It played a fundamental role in the construction of normative knowledge not only in Europe, but – thanks to the presence of the book in the missionary libraries – also in the New World and, we might even say, all over the world. \u0000 \u0000This article analyses the very complex editorial history of the book, which the author himself transformed and translated many times during his travels from Portugal to Rome. It thus sheds new light on the importance of translation, namely of “self-translation” in the production of 16th-century normative knowledge, showing how the fact of thinking and rewriting a text in another language had an impact not only on its form but also its content.","PeriodicalId":221394,"journal":{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Legal History & Legal Theory Research Paper Series","volume":"335 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124716069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abogados (DCH) (Lawyers (DCH))","authors":"Esteban Llamosas","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3312029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3312029","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Spanish Abstract:</b> El artículo estudia el oficio de abogado y su ejercicio en la justicia canónica de Hispanoamérica y Filipinas de los siglos XVI a XVIII, analizando sus cualidades, requisitos, reglas de conducta y obligaciones. A fin de definir y caracterizar el oficio, no sólo se considera la tradición normativa del ius commune y el derecho castellano, sino también la tratadística jurídica, canónica y moral, con especial énfasis en las particularidades indianas a través del uso de la legislación conciliar y sinodal local como fuente. El artículo inicia con la definición de abogado y su distinción de figuras cercanas, como la de los procuradores. Luego se describe la desconfianza inicial a su actuación, se presenta su formación universitaria y sus lecturas, así como los requisitos para abogar, las calidades personales exigidas (claridad, modestia, temor de Dios, prudencia), los impedimentos personales para ejercer el oficio y las prohibiciones durante su desempeño. <br><br><b>English Abstract:</b> The article examines the role and the exercise of the office of advocate in the canonical justice of Hispanic America and the Philippines from the 16th to the 18th centuries. In order to define and characterize the office, this article considers not only the normative tradition of the ius commune and Castilian law, but also legal, canonical and moral treatises. Special emphasis is placed on the Spanish Indies’ particularities, based on the analysis of the local conciliar and synodal legislation. The article begins with a definition of the office of advocate, focusing particularly on what distinguished it from related figures such as procurators. It then describes the initial mistrust of advocates, presents advocates’ university education and what books they read, and analyses the requirements for candidates to the office of advocate and their necessary personal qualities (clarity, modesty, fear of God, prudence), as well as the personal impediments to exercising the office and prohibitions during its performance.","PeriodicalId":221394,"journal":{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Legal History & Legal Theory Research Paper Series","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114782317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delitos de los niños (DCH) (Children Crimes (DCH))","authors":"Alejandra Juksdivia Vázquez Mendoza","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3320545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3320545","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Spanish Abstract:</b> Este artículo trata de los condicionamientos jurídicos cuando un delito era cometido por menores de edad o por aquellas personas jurídicamente no imputables. Así, el uso de razón se convirtió en el elemento fundamental para imponer, morigerar o exceptuar la pena. Esta determinación de imputabilidad es particularmente relevante respecto de la población indígena en el derecho canónico entre los siglos XVI y XVIII en Indias. <br><br><b>English Abstract:</b> This article deals with juridical debates in canon law between the 16th and 18th centuries regarding crimes committed by minors or others not deemed criminally responsible. The offenders’ use of reason became the decisive factor in determining whether they should receive a reduced sentence or be exempted from punishment altogether. In Hispanic America and the Philippines, such questions of criminal accountability were discussed particularly in cases involving indigenous people.","PeriodicalId":221394,"journal":{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Legal History & Legal Theory Research Paper Series","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134105806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}