Labor: Supply & Demand eJournal最新文献_第10页

Competitive Preferences and Ethnicity: Experimental Evidence from Bangladesh 竞争偏好和种族:来自孟加拉国的实验证据

Labor: Supply & Demand eJournal Pub Date : 2019-11-05 DOI: 10.1093/EJ/UEZ063

A. Siddique, Michael Vlassopoulos

引用次数: 9

Why Do Filipinos Desire to Work More Hours? 为什么菲律宾人希望工作更长时间?

Labor: Supply & Demand eJournal Pub Date : 2019-11-05 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3480945

J. Felipe, Y. Sawada, Gemma Estrada, Donna Faye Bajaro

{"title":"Why Do Filipinos Desire to Work More Hours?","authors":"J. Felipe, Y. Sawada, Gemma Estrada, Donna Faye Bajaro","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3480945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3480945","url":null,"abstract":"In 2018, 16.4% of Filipino workers stated during the Labor Force Survey (LFS) period that they wanted to have more work hours in their present jobs, or to have an additional job, or to have a new job with longer work hours, i.e., declared themselves underemployed. This study inquires why. Analysis of the 2015 LFS data shows that 53% of the underemployed worked less than 40 hours in a week (visibly underemployed) and 47% worked at least 40 hours in a week (invisibly underemployed). 82% of the underemployed were in agriculture and services. By sector, underemployment in agriculture represented 27% of total employment in agriculture. The corresponding shares for industry and services were 21% and 16%, respectively. In addition, 54% of the underemployed admitted that they did not look for additional jobs. Using a multinomial logit model to determine the characteristics of the underemployed, we find that, relative to the full-time and not underemployed: (i) the major determinant of being visibly underemployed is basic pay. Region, educational attainment, type of sector, and primary occupation are much less important determinants; and (ii) sex, region, educational attainment, marital status, and basic pay, are determinants of being invisibly underemployed.","PeriodicalId":221250,"journal":{"name":"Labor: Supply & Demand eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129883557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Effects of International Scrutiny on Manufacturing Workers: Evidence from the Rana Plaza Collapse in Bangladesh 国际监督对制造业工人的影响:来自孟加拉国拉纳广场倒塌的证据

Labor: Supply & Demand eJournal Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9065

Laurent Bossavie, Yoonyoung Cho, Rachel Heath

引用次数: 12

Augmenting Employability of Management Graduates in India 提高印度管理专业毕业生的就业能力

Labor: Supply & Demand eJournal Pub Date : 2019-10-28 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2919798

Srirang K. Jha

引用次数: 1

Temporary Employment and Work-Life Balance in Australia 澳大利亚的临时就业和工作与生活的平衡

Labor: Supply & Demand eJournal Pub Date : 2019-10-20 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3472728

Inga Laß, M. Wooden

{"title":"Temporary Employment and Work-Life Balance in Australia","authors":"Inga Laß, M. Wooden","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3472728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3472728","url":null,"abstract":"While it is often believed that temporary forms of employment, such as fixed-term contracts, casual work and temporary agency work, provide workers with more flexibility to balance work and private commitments, convincing empirical evidence on this issue is still scarce. This paper investigates the link between temporary employment and work‐life balance in Australia, using longitudinal data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey for the period 2001 to 2017. In contrast to previous studies, we compare results from pooled cross‐sectional and fixed‐effects regressions to investigate the role of time-constant unobserved worker characteristics in linking temporary employment and work-life outcomes. The results show that, after accounting for job characteristics and person-specific fixed-effects, among women only casual employment is unequivocally associated with better work-life outcomes than permanent employment. For men, we mostly find negative associations between all forms of temporary employment and work-life outcomes, but the magnitudes of these associations are much smaller and mostly insignificant in fixed-effects models. This result suggests that male temporary employees have stable unobserved traits that are connected to poorer work-life balance.","PeriodicalId":221250,"journal":{"name":"Labor: Supply & Demand eJournal","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127667005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Macroeconomic Frameworks 宏观经济框架

Labor: Supply & Demand eJournal Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.3386/w26365

A. Auerbach, Y. Gorodnichenko, Daniel Murphy

引用次数: 9

Female Labor in Jordan: A Systematic Approach to the Exclusion Puzzle 约旦的女性劳动力:排除之谜的系统方法

Labor: Supply & Demand eJournal Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3808864

Semiray Kaasolu, Timothy J. O'Brien, R. Hausmann, M. Santos

{"title":"Female Labor in Jordan: A Systematic Approach to the Exclusion Puzzle","authors":"Semiray Kaasolu, Timothy J. O'Brien, R. Hausmann, M. Santos","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3808864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3808864","url":null,"abstract":"Women in Jordan are excluded from labor market opportunities at among the highest rates in the world. Previous efforts to explain this outcome have focused on specific, isolated aspects of the problem and have not exploited available datasets to test across causal explanations. We develop a comprehensive framework to analyze the drivers of low female employment rates in Jordan and systematically test their validity, using micro-level data from Employment and Unemployment Surveys (2008-2018) and the Jordanian Labor Market Panel Survey (2010-2016). We find that the nature of low female inclusion in Jordan’s labor market varies significantly with educational attainment, and identify evidence for different factors affecting different educational groups. Among women with high school education or less, we observe extremely low participation levels and find the strongest evidence for this phenomenon tracing to traditional social norms and poor public transportation. On the higher end of the education spectrum – university graduates and above – we find that the problem is not one of participation, but rather of unemployment, which we attribute to a small and undiversified private sector that is unable to accommodate women’s needs for work and work-family balance.","PeriodicalId":221250,"journal":{"name":"Labor: Supply & Demand eJournal","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120943546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Working Their Way Up? Us Immigrants&Apos; Changing Labor Market Assimilation in the Age of Mass Migration 努力向上?我们Immigrants&Apos;大规模移民时代不断变化的劳动力市场同化

Labor: Supply & Demand eJournal Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.3386/w26414

W. Collins, A. Zimran

引用次数: 2

New Technologies, Potential Unemployment and ‘Nescience Economy’ in the Russian Regions 新技术、潜在失业和俄罗斯地区的“无知经济”

Labor: Supply & Demand eJournal Pub Date : 2019-09-25 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3459402

Stepan Zemtsov

{"title":"New Technologies, Potential Unemployment and ‘Nescience Economy’ in the Russian Regions","authors":"Stepan Zemtsov","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3459402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3459402","url":null,"abstract":"The use of unmanned technologies can cause a decrease in the level of employment. The article discusses the compensation mechanisms and conflicting results of empirical studies. Using internationally comparable methods, we estimated that approximately 27.6% of employees work in professions with a high probability of automation (Frey, Osborne, 2017), and about 44% of the workers in Russia (≈20.2 million) are engaged in routine, potentially automated activities (Manyika et al, 2017). These values are lower than in most developed and developing countries, although we expected them higher because of much lower labour productivity in Russia. In the regions, specializing in the manufacturing industry, the second value is higher; the lowest proportion of workers are at risk of automation in the largest agglomerations with high share of digital economy and in the least developed regions with large informal sector. We proposed a methodology to take into account informal employment and constant unemployment rate. Long-term mismatch between the exponential increase in automation rate, the compensating effect of retraining and new jobs creation is possible. Some people will not be ready for a life-long learning, development of new ideas, technologies and products, competition with robots, and accordingly there is a possibility of their technological or even social exclusion in the future. The term ‘nescience economy’ was proposed to describe these processes. Using an econometric model, we identified factors that reduce these risks in the regions: a high concentration of human capital, favourable institutional conditions for entrepreneurship, a low level of inequality, and the development of ICT infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":221250,"journal":{"name":"Labor: Supply & Demand eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130945811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Does Automation Lead to De-Industrialization in Emerging Economies? - Evidence from Brazil 自动化会导致新兴经济体的去工业化吗?——来自巴西的证据

Labor: Supply & Demand eJournal Pub Date : 2019-09-13 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3453313

Henry Stemmler

{"title":"Does Automation Lead to De-Industrialization in Emerging Economies? - Evidence from Brazil","authors":"Henry Stemmler","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3453313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3453313","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates several channels through which automation affects an emerging economy. Building on a Ricardian model of trade with sectoral linkages and a two-stage production technology, in which robots replace labor in certain tasks, it is shown that domestic and foreign automation have differential effects on labor markets. Based on this model, the impact of automation on local labor markets in Brazil are estimated using a shift-share approach. Local labor market exposures to industry-level stocks of robots are derived from their initial industry-employment composition. Foreign automation is found to decrease manufacturing employment through the channel of final goods exports, while it increases employment in the mining sector through the channel of input exports. This may stimulate what has been called \"premature deindustrialization\" in emerging economies. To account for possible endogeneity in adopting robots domestically, robot uptake in other emerging economies is used as an instrumental variable. Domestic automation is found to directly decrease the ratio of unskilled industry workers and increase the ratio of skilled workers. Also, the wage gap between the two groups widens as a consequence of domestic automation, reinforcing income inequality.","PeriodicalId":221250,"journal":{"name":"Labor: Supply & Demand eJournal","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126931880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9