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Labor: Supply & Demand eJournal最新文献

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New Evidence on Disability Benefit Claims in the UK: The Role of Health and the Local Labour Market 英国残疾福利申请的新证据:健康和当地劳动力市场的作用
Labor: Supply & Demand eJournal Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3510436
Jennifer Roberts, K. Taylor
{"title":"New Evidence on Disability Benefit Claims in the UK: The Role of Health and the Local Labour Market","authors":"Jennifer Roberts, K. Taylor","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3510436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3510436","url":null,"abstract":"During the 1980s and 1990s there was a steep rise in disability benefit claims in the UK, especially among older male workers, and the debate centred on the relative generosity of these benefits as well as the effects of deindustrialisation and job destruction. Since that time the disability benefit system has been subject to a series of reforms all largely aimed at reducing the number of claims and targeting benefits more closely to those with the greatest health need. At the same time the UK labour market has also evolved and in particular now has an historically low level of unemployment, accompanied by falling real earnings. In this paper we use individual longitudinal data from 2009 to 2018 in a dynamic panel framework to explore the relative importance of health status, benefit generosity and local labour market conditions for disability benefit claims in the modern UK labour market. We focus particularly on spatial variation in claims, and find that, in line with older evidence, while health status is clearly important, geographic variation in labour market conditions and benefit generosity still influence the propensity to claim those disability benefits that are conditional on not working. In addition, local benefit work capability re-assessment rates, which reflect the stringency that new procedures are being implemented locally, are an important factor. The average effects also mask important heterogeneity by sex, age, education level, income and across regions.","PeriodicalId":221250,"journal":{"name":"Labor: Supply & Demand eJournal","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123863301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
A Market for Work Permits 工作许可市场
Labor: Supply & Demand eJournal Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.3386/w26590
Michael Lokshin, M. Ravallion
{"title":"A Market for Work Permits","authors":"Michael Lokshin, M. Ravallion","doi":"10.3386/w26590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w26590","url":null,"abstract":"It will be politically difficult to liberalize international migration without protecting host-country workers. The paper explores the scope for efficiently managing migration using a competitive market for work permits. Host-county workers would have the option of renting out their citizenship work permit for a period of their choice, while foreigners purchase time-bound work permits. Aggregate labor supply need not rise in the host country. However, total output would rise and workers would see enhanced social protection. Simulations for the US and Mexico suggest that the new market would attract many skilled migrants, boosting GDP and reducing poverty in the US.","PeriodicalId":221250,"journal":{"name":"Labor: Supply & Demand eJournal","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116915132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Firm and Worker Dynamics in a Frictional Labor Market 摩擦性劳动力市场中的企业和工人动态
Labor: Supply & Demand eJournal Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.3386/w26547
A. Bilal, Niklas Engbom, Simon Mongey, Gianluca Violante
{"title":"Firm and Worker Dynamics in a Frictional Labor Market","authors":"A. Bilal, Niklas Engbom, Simon Mongey, Gianluca Violante","doi":"10.3386/w26547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w26547","url":null,"abstract":"This paper integrates the classic theory of firm boundaries, through span of control or taste for variety, into a model of the labor market with random matching and on‐the‐job search. Firms choose when to enter and exit, whether to create vacancies or destroy jobs in response to shocks, and Bertrand‐compete to hire and retain workers. Tractability is obtained by proving that, under a parsimonious set of assumptions, all worker and firm decisions are characterized by their joint surplus, which in turn only depends on firm productivity and size. The job ladder in marginal surplus that emerges in equilibrium determines net poaching patterns by firm characteristics that are in line with the data. As frictions vanish, the model converges to a standard competitive model of firm dynamics. The combination of firm dynamics and search frictions allows the model to: (i) quantify the misallocation cost of frictions; (ii) replicate elusive life‐cycle growth profiles of superstar firms; and (iii) make sense of the failure of the job ladder around the Great Recession as a result of the collapse of firm entry.","PeriodicalId":221250,"journal":{"name":"Labor: Supply & Demand eJournal","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116117559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 31
The Impact of Internship Experience during Secondary Education on Schooling and Labour Market Outcomes 中等教育实习经历对学校教育和劳动力市场结果的影响
Labor: Supply & Demand eJournal Pub Date : 2019-11-27 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3492181
Brecht Neyt, Dieter Verhaest, S. Baert
{"title":"The Impact of Internship Experience during Secondary Education on Schooling and Labour Market Outcomes","authors":"Brecht Neyt, Dieter Verhaest, S. Baert","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3492181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3492181","url":null,"abstract":"The literature on workplace learning in secondary education has mainly focussed on vocational education programmes. In this study, we examine the impact of internship experience in secondary education on a student’s schooling and early labour market outcomes, by analysing unique, longitudinal data from Belgium. To control for unobserved heterogeneity, we model sequential outcomes by means of a dynamic discrete choice model. In line with the literature on vocational education programmes, we find that internship experience has a positive effect on labour market outcomes that diminishes over time, although within the time window of our study, we find no evidence for a null or negative effect over time.","PeriodicalId":221250,"journal":{"name":"Labor: Supply & Demand eJournal","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128853606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Gender Employment Discrimination: A Comparison between the Banking Sectors of Kuwait and the United Kingdom 性别就业歧视:科威特和联合王国银行业的比较
Labor: Supply & Demand eJournal Pub Date : 2019-11-27 DOI: 10.22495/cbv15i3art4
Rahaf Adel, Ahmad Alqatan
{"title":"Gender Employment Discrimination: A Comparison between the Banking Sectors of Kuwait and the United Kingdom","authors":"Rahaf Adel, Ahmad Alqatan","doi":"10.22495/cbv15i3art4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22495/cbv15i3art4","url":null,"abstract":"Current literature has not examined gender employment issues in Kuwait’s banking industry. This is a key knowledge gap as many women are entering the sector and might be facing discriminatory conducts in comparison to their male colleagues. The scarcity of available literature regarding the Kuwaiti banking sector and its equality practices calls for more research attention to detect discriminatory conducts and improve governmental legislation. This paper builds an international comparison between Kuwait and Britain’s established discrimination legislation. It uses a primary qualitative research method within two of Kuwait’s private banks to address the following questions: firstly, what is the nature of implemented gender equality policies and practices within the banks? This includes patterns of gender segregation, recruitment and selection processes, promotional opportunities and gender pay gaps. And secondly, how do Islamic and conventional banks differ with regards to their equality practices and gender career opportunities? The findings of the study were similar within both Islamic and conventional banks. Results indicated a strong prevalence within Kuwait of social and cultural factors, which shape gender roles and ideologies. Occupational gender segregation and thus pay inequalities were found to be a distinct feature of the sector in both countries. And this was linked to long working hours cultures, the unbalanced load of domestic and care burden between males and females, as well as discretionary managerial practices for selection, hiring and promotions. The paper highlights key areas of improvements with regards to equality practices and legislative policy planning in Kuwait.","PeriodicalId":221250,"journal":{"name":"Labor: Supply & Demand eJournal","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114514227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
The Impact of Early Fertility Shocks on Women's Fertility and Labor Market Outcomes 早期生育冲击对妇女生育和劳动力市场结果的影响
Labor: Supply & Demand eJournal Pub Date : 2019-11-22 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3512913
Alice Abboud
{"title":"The Impact of Early Fertility Shocks on Women's Fertility and Labor Market Outcomes","authors":"Alice Abboud","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3512913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3512913","url":null,"abstract":"This paper evaluates the effect of unplanned fertility shocks on women's careers. I exploit the early repeal of abortion bans in five US states. This leads to variation in access to abortion across states and birth cohorts, which allows the estimation of the effect of accessing abortion at a certain age on women's fertility. The evidence suggests that accessing abortion before the age of 21 delayed the age at which women gave birth to their first child by half a year on average. I also document an increase in completed fertility among black women who received access to abortion early in their fertility cycle. The resulting variation in fertility realizations is then used to estimate the effect of fertility on women's careers. I find that wages increase significantly as a result of the delay of an unplanned start of motherhood. This increase in wages translates into a 10% increase in labor earnings among black women, and it is completely offset by the a decrease in labor supply for white women.","PeriodicalId":221250,"journal":{"name":"Labor: Supply & Demand eJournal","volume":"253 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115664332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Labor Market Analysis Using Big Data: The Case of a Pakistani Online Job Portal 使用大数据分析劳动力市场:巴基斯坦在线就业门户网站的案例
Labor: Supply & Demand eJournal Pub Date : 2019-11-20 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-9063
Norihiko Matsuda, Tutan Ahmed, Shinsaku Nomura
{"title":"Labor Market Analysis Using Big Data: The Case of a Pakistani Online Job Portal","authors":"Norihiko Matsuda, Tutan Ahmed, Shinsaku Nomura","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-9063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-9063","url":null,"abstract":"Facing a youth bulge—a large influx of a young labor force—the Pakistani economy needs to create more jobs by taking advantage of this relatively well-educated young labor force. Yet, the educated young labor force suffers a higher unemployment rate, and there is a concern that the current education and training system in the country does not respond to skill demands in the private sector. This paper provides new descriptives about labor markets, particularly skill demand and supply, by using online job portal data. The paper finds that although there is an excess supply of highly educated workers, certain industries, such as information and communications technology, lack workers who have specialized skills and experience. The analysis also finds that the exact match of qualifications and skills is important for employers. Job applicants who are underqualified or overqualified for job posts are less likely to be shortlisted than those whose qualifications exactly match job requirements.","PeriodicalId":221250,"journal":{"name":"Labor: Supply & Demand eJournal","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121391909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Why Does Oil Matter? Commuting and Aggregate Fluctuations 石油为什么重要?通勤与总体波动
Labor: Supply & Demand eJournal Pub Date : 2019-11-15 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3479168
Robert Ready, N. Roussanov, Ewelina Zurowska
{"title":"Why Does Oil Matter? Commuting and Aggregate Fluctuations","authors":"Robert Ready, N. Roussanov, Ewelina Zurowska","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3479168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3479168","url":null,"abstract":"Oil price shocks are known to have a sizable macroeconomic impact, despite a relatively small fraction of total expenditures that is devoted to energy. Using micro data we document a significant effect of oil prices on labor supply and commuting distance, especially among low-skilled workers who face large commuting costs, relative to their wages. In addition, equity returns of firms in less skill-intensive industries are more sensitive to oil price fluctuations. Motivated by this empirical evidence, we employ a two-sector endogenous growth model with an oil-dependent commuting friction to examine the effect of oil shocks on employment, real wages, and growth, as well as equity prices. Negative oil supply shocks followed by oil price increases depress labor supply, especially in the less capital-intensive low-skill sector, where employment is most sensitive to the cost of commuting. As a result, output growth slows down in the medium run as innovation and capital are reallocated towards the less affected high-skill sector, resulting in subsequent rise in the skill premium.","PeriodicalId":221250,"journal":{"name":"Labor: Supply & Demand eJournal","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116970658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
The Self-Employment Option in Rigid Labor Markets: An Empirical Investigation 刚性劳动力市场中的自雇选择:一个实证调查
Labor: Supply & Demand eJournal Pub Date : 2019-11-14 DOI: 10.17016/IFDP.2019.1264
Joaquín García-Cabo, Rocio Madera
{"title":"The Self-Employment Option in Rigid Labor Markets: An Empirical Investigation","authors":"Joaquín García-Cabo, Rocio Madera","doi":"10.17016/IFDP.2019.1264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17016/IFDP.2019.1264","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies selection into and returns to self-employment in labor markets with stringent employment protection. Using Spanish administrative panel data, we characterize self-employment dynamics in the presence of rigidities that affect workers’ outside options. We document the negative selection into self-employment when workers enter from unemployment, and the pro-cyclicality of the decision. We identify career heterogeneity in the data and estimate a rich life-cycle income process. The self-employed face shocks with smaller variances but lower returns compared to fixed-term workers—the prevalent contract out of unemployment. These facts call for a revision of active labor market policies in place.","PeriodicalId":221250,"journal":{"name":"Labor: Supply & Demand eJournal","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115152947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
China Syndrome Redux: New Results on Global Job Reallocation 中国综合症:全球就业再分配的新结果
Labor: Supply & Demand eJournal Pub Date : 2019-11-11 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3330253
Difei Ouyang, Weidi Yuan
{"title":"China Syndrome Redux: New Results on Global Job Reallocation","authors":"Difei Ouyang, Weidi Yuan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3330253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3330253","url":null,"abstract":"Trade between the U.S. and China is widely thought to have contributed significantly to the decline in U.S. manufacturing employment --- sometimes called the China Syndrome. Flipping the point of view, we examine the impact on China of the trade growth between 2000 and 2007: We divide China into prefecture-level cities and construct measures of export exposure based on a city's initial industry specialization and instrument China's export surge using the reduction in trade policy uncertainty. Rising exports do not contribute to any growth of industrial wage or labor productivity on average, but instead channel agricultural, unemployed, and non-participating workers into the industrial labor market and cause rural-urban migration. In our main specification, the loss of one U.S. manufacturing job is associated with eight new Chinese manufacturing jobs through China - U.S. trade links.","PeriodicalId":221250,"journal":{"name":"Labor: Supply & Demand eJournal","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121591288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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