{"title":"A Fourier Transform Cavity Ring Down Spectrometer","authors":"R. Engeln, G. Meijer","doi":"10.1063/1.1147092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1147092","url":null,"abstract":"A novel multiplex absorption spectrometer is presented, in which the sensitivity of the cavity ring down absorption technique is combined with the multiplex advantage of a FT-spectrometer.","PeriodicalId":221045,"journal":{"name":"Fourier Transform Spectroscopy","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121441256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. B. Farmer, J. Brault, A. Goldman, D. Hinton, F. Murcray, D. Jennings, J. Puschell, C. Rinsland, W. Traub, M. Abrams
{"title":"On the Design of Fourier Transform Spectrometers for Space-based Remote Sensing","authors":"C. B. Farmer, J. Brault, A. Goldman, D. Hinton, F. Murcray, D. Jennings, J. Puschell, C. Rinsland, W. Traub, M. Abrams","doi":"10.1364/fts.1997.pdp.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/fts.1997.pdp.1","url":null,"abstract":"After some four decades of development, Fourier transform spectrometers have become the premier high resolution, broadband passive spectometer for laboratory and remote sensing applications. Following the four flights of the ATMOS instrument onboard the space shuttle, and with the development of emission sounders such as MIPAS (limb) and TES (nadir and limb), geostationary mesoscale sounders (GHIS), and polar meteorological sounders (IASI), the scientific role of FTS for remote sensing is indisputable. However, in general they remain less than ideal for space-based applications as a consequence of their size, mass, power, and telemetry requirements. A new concept for high resolution Fourier transform spectrometers suitable for space applications is described that reexamines each of the historical assumptions that have led to massive, large interferometers. The result will deliver the optical and radiometric performance of a high performance FTS such as ATMOS in a small (<0.25 m3), lightweight (20-25 kg) instrument with modest power requirements (<50 W), and with onboard data processing will have modest telemetry rates. Central to the concept is the realization that many of the historic assumptions about interferometer design are unnecessary, especially in a zero gravity environment.","PeriodicalId":221045,"journal":{"name":"Fourier Transform Spectroscopy","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114513956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Airborne-Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy","authors":"H. Larson","doi":"10.1364/fts.1997.fwd.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/fts.1997.fwd.1","url":null,"abstract":"The role of FTS in airborne astronomy is assessed from its past scientific achievements and its future potential on SOFIA, NASA’s next-generation airborne observatory (2.5-m telescope in a 747 aircraft).","PeriodicalId":221045,"journal":{"name":"Fourier Transform Spectroscopy","volume":"30 9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128968065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Jennings, V. Kunde, P. Ade, R. Barney, D. Bergman, R. Borelli, D. Boyd, J. Brasunas, S. Calcutt, R. Courtin, J. Cretolle, J. Crooke, M. Davis, S. Edberg, M. Flasar, D. Glenar, J. Hagopian, C. Hakun, P. Hayes, L. Herath, L. Horn, G. Karpati, C. Kellebenz, B. Lakew, J. Lindsay, J. Lyons, R. Martineau, A. Martino, M. Matsumura, T. Melak, G. Michel, A. Morell, C. Mosier, L. Pack, M. Plants, D. Robinson, L. Rodriguez, P. Romani, C. Trujillo, T. Vellacott, K. Wagner
{"title":"The Infrared Investigation on the Cassini Mission to Saturn","authors":"D. Jennings, V. Kunde, P. Ade, R. Barney, D. Bergman, R. Borelli, D. Boyd, J. Brasunas, S. Calcutt, R. Courtin, J. Cretolle, J. Crooke, M. Davis, S. Edberg, M. Flasar, D. Glenar, J. Hagopian, C. Hakun, P. Hayes, L. Herath, L. Horn, G. Karpati, C. Kellebenz, B. Lakew, J. Lindsay, J. Lyons, R. Martineau, A. Martino, M. Matsumura, T. Melak, G. Michel, A. Morell, C. Mosier, L. Pack, M. Plants, D. Robinson, L. Rodriguez, P. Romani, C. Trujillo, T. Vellacott, K. Wagner","doi":"10.1364/fts.1997.fwd.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/fts.1997.fwd.3","url":null,"abstract":"The Cassini spacecraft will to be launched on its mission to Saturn in October 1997. Upon arrival in 2004, Cassini will begin a four-year tour of the Saturnian system, the first visit to that planet since Voyager. Among several remote sensing instruments in its payload, the spacecraft will carry the Composite Infrared Spectrometer (CIRS), to study the atmospheres and surfaces of Saturn and its moons. CIRS will retrieve temperatures and gas compositions in the atmospheres of Saturn and its largest moon, Titan, from deep in their tropospheres to high in their stratospheres. CIRS will also investigate the thermal properties and composition of Saturn’s rings. Studies of Saturn and Titan will tell us about the formation and composition of the early solar system, the evolution of these two very different bodies along different paths, and how, at present, they change diurnally and seasonally. Spectra of the rings and the moon's solid surfaces will help determine their thermal characteristics, mineral compositions, and geological evolutions.","PeriodicalId":221045,"journal":{"name":"Fourier Transform Spectroscopy","volume":"203 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132502015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High Performance Fourier Transform IR Ellipsometer","authors":"M. Luttmann, J. Stehle, J. Piel, P. Boher","doi":"10.1364/fts.1997.fwb.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/fts.1997.fwb.3","url":null,"abstract":"Spectroscopic ellipsometry is a well established technique for the optical characterization of bulk materials, deposited thin films and surface layers [1]. It is based on the measurement of the change of the polarization state of light after reflection on a sample. This change is directly related to the complex ratio ρ defined by : ρ = r\u0000 p\u0000 / r\u0000 s\u0000 = tanψe\u0000 j\u0000 Δ , where r\u0000 p\u0000 and r\u0000 s\u0000 are respectively the reflection coefficients of the waves parallel and perpendicular to the plane of incidence. A. Rosëler has been the first to combine Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) to a classical rotating polariser or analyser ellipsometer [2]. The optical set-up of such an apparatus consists of a light source, an Michelson interferometer, a polariser, a sample, an analyser and a detector set. The accuracy of this ellipsometer is affected by polarization defects of the different components, particulary those of the wire grid used as polariser and analyser. Many procedures have been proposed recently to take into account imperfect components [2,3,4] such as interferometric residual polarization, polariser and analyser non nul attenuation coefficients and detector set dichroism. However, those procedures have some limitations and do not take in consideration the detector set non linearity. Our new ellipsometer is based on SOPRA’s compagny rotating analyser ellipsometer VASE-FTIR model 3 [5]. The use of special polariser and analyser allowed us to get an accuracy better than 1% in straight line without sample on the sample holder. We have observed however a slight shift on the cosΔ spectrum. This behaviour is induced by the detector set non linearity. Assuming a quadratic non linearity we have been able to correct the ellipsometric spectrum in real time. The accuracy in straight line reaches a few 1/1000 over the whole spectral range, which is very good in the IR.","PeriodicalId":221045,"journal":{"name":"Fourier Transform Spectroscopy","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121558400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Long Path Tropospheric Absorption Measurements using the NOAA Fritz Peak FTS","authors":"J. Brault, J. Harder","doi":"10.1364/fts.1997.fmc.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/fts.1997.fmc.4","url":null,"abstract":"In 1993, a high resolution (.0034 cm-1) FTS was developed at Fritz Peak Observatory (18 km west of Boulder, CO) to provide CO abundance measurements for an OH intercomparison campaign. These measurements made use of a 121-element retroreflector array situated near Caribou Mine 10.3 km away, giving a total optical path of 20.6 km at a mean height of about 2.8 km above sea level (see Figure). Recently, the instrument has been used for a general survey of tropospheric absorbance in this mountain airmass, which is relatively clean during times of westerly airflow but may show significant pollution during times of easterly upslope flow from the Front Range urban corridor. These measurements were primarily in the 4000-6700 cm-1 region. The new principles involved in the design of this instrument have already been published1, and more details will appear later; here we will discuss some preliminary results.","PeriodicalId":221045,"journal":{"name":"Fourier Transform Spectroscopy","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131442484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Photometric Characterization of a Fourier-Transform-Spectrometer","authors":"H. Maurer","doi":"10.1364/fts.1997.pdp.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/fts.1997.pdp.4","url":null,"abstract":"Model of the Detected Spectral Signal of a Fourier-Transform-Spectrometer","PeriodicalId":221045,"journal":{"name":"Fourier Transform Spectroscopy","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132712627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Emission Fourier Transform Spectroscopy on Molecular Ions","authors":"M. Vervloet","doi":"10.1364/fts.1997.fwb.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/fts.1997.fwb.1","url":null,"abstract":"Emission spectra of molecular ions are most often recorded from electric discharge where parent molecules or fragments are ionized in excited states. These sources tend to generate sparks which give rise to many spikes in the interferograms and consequently make them unusable. In some cases, this problem can be overcome by creating excited ions of interest using Penning ionization.","PeriodicalId":221045,"journal":{"name":"Fourier Transform Spectroscopy","volume":"154 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134369837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Detector Nonlinearity Related Errors in Fourier Transform Spectroscopy and their Correction","authors":"L. Hanssen, C. J. Zhu, Z. Zhang","doi":"10.1364/fts.1997.fmb.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/fts.1997.fmb.3","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the relatively high flux levels available in FT-IR spectrophotometers and the universal need for better signal to noise ratios, detectors are often operated in conditions under which their responsivity varies during the measurement. This can happen both during a single measurement (nonlinearity) as well as between measurements (nonequivalence). The results of measurements made under these conditions will contain errors. The quantity and spectral distribution of the errors will depend on both the instrument signature and the sample properties under investigation.","PeriodicalId":221045,"journal":{"name":"Fourier Transform Spectroscopy","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123874911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The PACE Mission: An Ultralite Solar Occultation Instrument for Simultaneous Infrared and Visible Measurements of Gases, Aerosols, Temperature, and Thin Cirrus","authors":"C. Rinsland, C. B. Farmer, M. Abrams, W. Chu","doi":"10.1364/fts.1997.ftud.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/fts.1997.ftud.2","url":null,"abstract":"We have developed a concept for simultaneous solar occultation remote sensing of gases, aerosols, and thin cirrus in response to NASA's Announcement of Opportunity for Earth System Science Pathfinder (ESSP) Missions. The focus of our experiment is on the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere with the goal of filling critical gaps in the current climate research program. Specifically, the Particles, Atmosphere, and Climate Experiment (PACE) will\u0000 * Measure temperature, aerosols, ozone, water vapor, and thin cirrus clouds to diagnose the response of climate to human-induced forcings and their interactions.\u0000 * Extend the Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS) database by providing measurements of key gases with increased precision and tropospheric coverage.\u0000 * Extend the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) database by providing aerosol and thin cirrus measurements with a new ability to measure horizontal inhomogeneity coupled with the ability to penetrate broken clouds.","PeriodicalId":221045,"journal":{"name":"Fourier Transform Spectroscopy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126043576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}