发布求助
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献

The Oxford Handbook of the South African Economy最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
Climate Change and the Green Transition in South Africa 南非的气候变化和绿色转型
The Oxford Handbook of the South African Economy Pub Date : 2021-11-18 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192894199.013.16
C. Arndt, Sherwin Gabriel, Faaiqa Hartley, K. Strzepek, T. Thomas
{"title":"Climate Change and the Green Transition in South Africa","authors":"C. Arndt, Sherwin Gabriel, Faaiqa Hartley, K. Strzepek, T. Thomas","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192894199.013.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192894199.013.16","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Climate change is one of the most complex challenges facing South Africa as the country designs plans and policies for future economic growth and development. Higher temperatures and more variable rainfall are already affecting the economy and are expected to continue for decades. The degree to which climate change affects different regions in South Africa is likely to vary significantly, characterized by wide ranges in the direction and magnitude of change in key climate variables, especially precipitation. These uncertainties interact with South Africa’s growth and development challenges and complicate planning and policy formation in support national development objectives. This chapter presents key research on changes in climate experienced in South Africa in recent years, along with projected changes in years to come. It illustrates the uncertainties related to climate change and the key channels through which climate change affects the economy. The economic and developmental impacts of such changes are presented along with the lessons for adaptation policy. As energy will be a key focus area for mitigation efforts in the country, this chapter also outlines the implications of such a transition and the factors that need to be accounted for in limiting the impacts on vulnerable populations.","PeriodicalId":220950,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the South African Economy","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122030744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Social Security and Social Development in South Africa 南非的社会保障和社会发展
The Oxford Handbook of the South African Economy Pub Date : 2021-11-18 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192894199.013.38
L. Patel
{"title":"Social Security and Social Development in South Africa","authors":"L. Patel","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192894199.013.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192894199.013.38","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: South Africa has made significant strides in growing its social security and social development system to reduce poverty and inequality since the advent of democracy in 1994. The country’s rights-based and redistributive social protection system builds on earlier social policies and was substantively refashioned to address the country’s colonial and apartheid legacy. This chapter documents the South African case with reference to the following themes: first, it sets out the social and economic challenges facing the country in relation to poverty and inequality. Second, it demonstrates the conceptual and policy significance of the South African case in relation to the rise of social protection policies to promote inclusive development in countries in the Global South. The South African welfare regime is the third theme. It focuses on the evolution of social security and social development, discusses the features of the approach, the nature and scope of social protection policies and their impacts. Finally, the chapter concludes by considering the policy issues and future trajectory of social protection in South Africa.","PeriodicalId":220950,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the South African Economy","volume":"83 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127973913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Youth Labour Market in South Africa 南非的青年劳动力市场
The Oxford Handbook of the South African Economy Pub Date : 2021-11-18 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192894199.013.30
Cecil Mlatsheni
{"title":"The Youth Labour Market in South Africa","authors":"Cecil Mlatsheni","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192894199.013.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192894199.013.30","url":null,"abstract":"Unemployment has been a stubborn challenge in South Africa, with at least a quarter of the labour force unemployed for most of the past twenty-five years. For youth the transition from schooling to work has not been smooth, resulting in about half of youth wanting jobs not finding employment. This chapter begins by highlighting the key features of the youth labour market. The discussion then turns to reasons for the relatively high youth unemployment rate, such as insufficient number of jobs and spatial planning. An account of implemented policies and interventions to address youth unemployment is then given. The chapter makes the point that economic growth is key to reducing youth unemployment on a large scale but that there are various measures that have been found to be effective in relieving the plight of unemployed youth in South Africa.","PeriodicalId":220950,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the South African Economy","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123642165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Gender and Work in South Africa 南非的性别与工作
The Oxford Handbook of the South African Economy Pub Date : 2021-11-18 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192894199.013.32
D. Casale, D. Posel, J. Mosomi
{"title":"Gender and Work in South Africa","authors":"D. Casale, D. Posel, J. Mosomi","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192894199.013.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192894199.013.32","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: This chapter provides an overview of women’s participation in the post-apartheid South African economy. It documents rising labour-force participation among women, as well as an increase in the share of total and high-skilled employment held by women. However, it also highlights some of the persistent challenges, among them that women’s labour-force participation, access to (high-skilled) employment, and earnings remain well below men’s using the most recent labour force data available. A key constraint to women’s success in the labour market is the additional responsibility they face in the home. The chapter uses data from various sources to show that women retain primary responsibility for the household and the provision of care in South Africa. Finally, attention is drawn to how the Covid-19 crisis has not only exposed the value of this unpaid labour to society, but also the difficulty of performing this work alongside the demands of paid work.","PeriodicalId":220950,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the South African Economy","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130146144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Food Security, Hunger, and Stunting in South Africa 南非的粮食安全、饥饿和发育迟缓
The Oxford Handbook of the South African Economy Pub Date : 2021-11-18 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192894199.013.36
Julian May
{"title":"Food Security, Hunger, and Stunting in South Africa","authors":"Julian May","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192894199.013.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192894199.013.36","url":null,"abstract":"Although South Africa is considered to be food secure at the national level, it faces a double burden of malnutrition comprising under-nutrition and micro-nutrient deficiencies, and over-weight/obesity. Almost one quarter of the population live below the national food poverty line, and 27 per cent of children under five years are stunted. At the same time, 68 per cent of adult women and 31 per cent of men are overweight or obese. The high prevalence of overweight and obesity translates into diet-related non-communicable disease. As a result, South Africa bears a disproportionate burden of food insecurity in sub-Saharan Africa given its wealth. The absence of progress is concerning since public investments in child and maternal nutritional programmes have increased significantly since 1993. High levels of unemployment, the enduring legacy of poor services, and unhealthy diets are among the reasons for this. Covid-19 is a further shock to food and nutrition security.","PeriodicalId":220950,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the South African Economy","volume":"1222 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121784503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Socio-economic Aspects of Energy and Climate Change in South Africa 南非能源和气候变化的社会经济方面
The Oxford Handbook of the South African Economy Pub Date : 2021-11-18 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192894199.013.15
R. Inglesi‐Lotz
{"title":"Socio-economic Aspects of Energy and Climate Change in South Africa","authors":"R. Inglesi‐Lotz","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192894199.013.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192894199.013.15","url":null,"abstract":"Appreciating energy and electricity as cornerstones of socio-economic growth and development, this chapter deals with a variety of concepts and factors to demonstrate the evolution of the role of energy in the South African economy and the population’s living standards. The chapter also discusses historically the various types of transition of the energy sector since the country’s first connection to electricity. The importance of energy as a factor of production and a medium of wealth is profound in the analysis. Also, the findings show that the transitions in the South African energy sector have gone through different natures: demographics of the users, sectoral transitions, regional ones until the one the sector has been undergoing since 2018 that combines a market transition (from monopolistic towards competitive environments) with a fuel transition (from a fossil-fuel-dominated system towards a cleaner, renewable mix).","PeriodicalId":220950,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the South African Economy","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133827914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Black Economic Empowerment in South Africa 南非黑人经济赋权
The Oxford Handbook of the South African Economy Pub Date : 2021-11-18 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192894199.013.27
Thando Vilakazi
{"title":"Black Economic Empowerment in South Africa","authors":"Thando Vilakazi","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192894199.013.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192894199.013.27","url":null,"abstract":"The Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) policy has been one of the most direct attempts to achieve racial transformation in the South African economy. This chapter analyses the BEE programme and its outcomes against a wider understanding of meaningful economic inclusion, and offers a pragmatic, critical view of how BEE’s implementation transpired, and the pathways forward. The chapter builds on a vast literature to highlight that looking only at quantitative outcomes of BEE misses key issues in terms of the high barriers that sustain exclusion and concentration. Although BEE has evolved in the right direction, it has not done enough and a broader, integrated approach is required. Priorities for the pathway forwards include a focus on high barriers that exclude black businesses and people, funding as part of a broader set of interventions, coherence with parallel social and economic policies, and a strategic role for procurement and enterprise development.","PeriodicalId":220950,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the South African Economy","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134561950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mining and Minerals in South Africa 南非的采矿和矿产
The Oxford Handbook of the South African Economy Pub Date : 2021-11-18 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192894199.013.13
N. Makgetla
{"title":"Mining and Minerals in South Africa","authors":"N. Makgetla","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192894199.013.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192894199.013.13","url":null,"abstract":"Although the mining value chain only accounted for around 13% of the GDP and 6% of employment in 2020, it remained a central link between the South African economy and international markets. As a result, it had an outsized impact on the production structure, income distribution, infrastructure and legal frameworks. After the transition to democracy in 1994, the value chain underwent significant changes, notably a shift away from coal into platinum, iron ore, coal and ferroalloys, and significant divestment by international mining companies. Still, deep-seated developmental challenges persisted, including limited mining-based industrialisation, the exercise of monopoly power within value chains, and deeply inequitable and oppressive payscales and work organisation. These structural weaknesses emerged clearly in the 2010s, as the end of the global metals prices boom (2002 to 2011) brought plummeting revenues, revealing a range of economic, workplace, and policy conflicts across the value chain.","PeriodicalId":220950,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the South African Economy","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134147752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Land and Agrarian Development in South Africa 南非的土地和农业发展
The Oxford Handbook of the South African Economy Pub Date : 2021-11-18 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192894199.013.12
R. Hall, Farai Mtero
{"title":"Land and Agrarian Development in South Africa","authors":"R. Hall, Farai Mtero","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192894199.013.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192894199.013.12","url":null,"abstract":"Land ownership and control historically underpinned patterns of unequal development in South Africa, with dispossession and the migrant labour economy being the basis for agrarian dualism and economic inequality. Yet land reform – the redistribution of white-owned commercial farms to black smallholders – has been a largely unfulfilled political promise during the first 25 years of democratic rule. South Africa’s negotiated transition produced a constitution that provides certain protections to property rights while simultaneously mandating land reforms through land redistribution, tenure reform and restitution, including via expropriation. Initially conceived as a pro-poor programme, land reform was reinvented over time, reflecting wider economic policy shifts, towards the creation of a small prosperous segment of black commercial farmers, thereby deracializing the dominant sector without restructuring landholdings and the agrarian economy. The shortcomings of land reform not only perpetuate inequalities inherited from colonialism and apartheid, but have also led to the production of new problems. We point to three recent and ongoing dynamics driving new and aggravated forms of land inequality: financialization, with the entry of new financial sector actors into corporate landholding, property portfolios and speculation; land concentration driven both by market forces and elite capture of public resources and corruption in land reforms; and land commodification driven by powerful corporate, political and traditional elites combining to expand large agricultural and mining investments in communal areas.","PeriodicalId":220950,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the South African Economy","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129515601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Innovation and technological change in South Africa 南非的创新和技术变革
The Oxford Handbook of the South African Economy Pub Date : 2021-11-18 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192894199.013.20
Erika Kraemer-Mbula, Rasigan Maharajh
{"title":"Innovation and technological change in South Africa","authors":"Erika Kraemer-Mbula, Rasigan Maharajh","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192894199.013.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192894199.013.20","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores the main achievements and remaining challenges in the governance of the South African science, technology, and innovation (STI) system. While reflecting on the inherited features from the apartheid period, it focuses on the period between the two White Papers in 1996 and 2019. The chapter discusses the main shifts in policy emphasis (intents) of these two policy/institutional developments and connects them to the STI system performance and its measurement. It shows that the drastic shift in policy orientation towards addressing social imperatives and the quantitative improvements in the STI outputs since 1994, have not materialized in a radical transformation of the economy or the social relations inherited from apartheid. The chapter argues that the assessment of the STI system needs to be expanded through an evolutionary lens in order to activate the needed systemic transformations.","PeriodicalId":220950,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of the South African Economy","volume":"51 8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121204052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
首页 上一页 下一页 尾页
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整，为了账户安全，请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们：info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务，方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号：604180095
Book学术官方微信