Substance Use & Misuse最新文献

{"title":"Understanding Associated Factors for IQOS Use Among US Adults: Is the Risk re-Emerging?","authors":"Juhan Lee, Delvon T Mattingly","doi":"10.1080/10826084.2025.2537111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2025.2537111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>IQOS, the leading global brand of heated tobacco products (i.e., nicotine delivery systems that heat tobacco at lower temperatures than combustible tobacco products to produce nicotine-containing aerosols for inhalation), is scheduled to resume sales in the United States in 2025. Amid ongoing debates about health effects, understanding the prevalence of IQOS use and the factors associated with it is essential for developing prevention strategies that address emerging market dynamics and use behaviors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study Wave 7 (2022-2023) (<i>N</i> = 29,780), we conducted a multivariable modified Poisson regression model on lifetime IQOS use by <i>a priori</i> predictors, age, sex, race, ethnicity, sexual identity, annual household income, past-30-day cigarette smoking, e-cigarette use, other substance use and internalizing and externalizing problems.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among total respondents, 0.3% reported lifetime IQOS use, representing 690,088 US adults. Lifetime IQOS use was associated with: being male (vs. female; aPR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.25-3.73), past-30-day cigarette smoking (vs. no; aPR = 3.86, 95% CI = 2.07-7.19), past-30-day e-cigarette use (vs. no; aPR = 4.73, 95% CI = 2.57-8.70) and high externalizing problems (vs. low; aPR = 3.19, 95% CI = 1.28-7.95). These findings remained robust across multiple sensitivity analyses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study identified that males, adults reporting past-30-day cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use, and those with high externalizing problems are at elevated risk for lifetime IQOS use. Ongoing real-time surveillance and longitudinal research are needed to monitor IQOS use and its associated factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":22088,"journal":{"name":"Substance Use & Misuse","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144691591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal Associations between Adolescent Electronic Cigarette Use and Eating Behaviors.","authors":"Saira Sarwar, W Alex Mason, Jennifer Mize Nelson, Kimberly Andrews Espy, Timothy D Nelson","doi":"10.1080/10826084.2025.2534491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2025.2534491","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background</i>: Despite emerging evidence that e-cigarette use and dietary behaviors, two high-impact health behaviors, may be linked, there exists a dearth of studies investigating this relationship. <i>Methods</i>: Data are drawn from two time points of a larger study, T1 (<i>n</i> = 217; m_age = 14.78 years), and T2 (<i>n</i> = 228; m_age = 16.43 years). This study examined the relationship between adolescent e-cigarette use at T1 and: problematic eating behaviors at T1, dietary intake at T2, and a two-year change in problematic eating behaviors. E-cigarette use was assessed at T1 <i>via</i> phone interview. Problematic eating behaviors were assessed at T1 and T2 <i>via</i> a self-report measure. Dietary intake was assessed at T2 <i>via</i> 24-h dietary recalls. Three multiple regression models examined the relationship between e-cigarette use and dietary intake, problematic eating, and change in problematic eating behaviors. <i>Results</i>: After controlling for demographics and combustible cigarette use, e-cigarette use at T1 was significantly and uniquely associated with greater cognitive restraint and emotional eating concurrently. E-cigarette use at T1 was not significantly associated with a dietary intake at T2 or a two-year change in problematic eating behaviors. <i>Conclusions</i>: Findings suggest that adolescent e-cigarette use may be concurrently associated with specific problematic eating behaviors, such as food restriction and emotional eating. This study is the first to investigate longitudinal associations between e-cigarette use, problematic eating practices and nutrient-level dietary intake. Results support further investigation into the relationship between e-cigarette use and dietary behaviors, particularly utilizing longitudinal designs and investigating potential mechanisms underlying this relationship.</p>","PeriodicalId":22088,"journal":{"name":"Substance Use & Misuse","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144683199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gendered Racism and Asian American Men's Hazardous Alcohol Use: The Role of Drinking to Cope.","authors":"Emil K Turdukulov, Thomas P Le","doi":"10.1080/10826084.2025.2537117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2025.2537117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background</i>: Gendered racism has been previously associated with greater alcohol use among Asian American men (AAM), yet the mechanisms underlying this association are not fully understood. <i>Objectives</i>: This study thus investigated whether gendered racism is associated with hazardous alcohol use among AAM directly and indirectly <i>via</i> drinking to cope and resistance and empowerment against racism. 253 AAM (<i>M</i> = 36.75 years old) completed an online cross-sectional survey that contained the study questionnaires. Hierarchical regression analyses examined the association between gendered racism and hazardous alcohol use, and mediation analyses investigated whether drinking to cope and resistance and empowerment against racism underlied this association. <i>Results</i>: Results showed that gendered racism was positively associated with hazardous alcohol use directly and indirectly <i>via</i> drinking to cope and resistance and empowerment. Our findings suggest AAM may engage in hazardous drinking as a coping mechanism in response to the insidious effects of gendered racism. Engaging in drinking to cope with emotions and activism for racial justice help explain this association. <i>Conclusion</i>: Practitioners may consider prioritizing intersectionality of gender and race in their understanding of AAM's drinking habits, with possible directions that include exploring ways for AAM to develop more affirming and positive feelings about their identity and developing alternative forms of coping that preclude drinking.</p>","PeriodicalId":22088,"journal":{"name":"Substance Use & Misuse","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144683198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Tobacco and Cannabis Co-Use, Cessation Strategies and Intervention Opportunities with Young Adults in UK Further Education Colleges: A Mixed Methods Study.","authors":"Hannah Walsh, Ann McNeill, Maria J Duaso","doi":"10.1080/10826084.2025.2533985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2025.2533985","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Tobacco and cannabis co-use is common but the two are rarely co-assessed or co-treated. We present a mixed methods study of UK young adults which aims to explore co-use and quitting behaviors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This sequential explanatory mixed methods study used the Capability, Opportunity and Motivation - Behavior model to design a survey and interview schedule comprising elements of the Theoretical Domains Framework. The survey investigated tobacco and cannabis co-use, attitudes toward and experiences of quitting behaviors within Further Education students aged 16-30 with recent use of tobacco and cannabis. Chi-square and t-tests explored differences between substances in quitting behaviors. Survey respondents were invited to an interview to further explore beliefs and experiences of co-use and quitting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>141 participants responded to the survey, and 18 participated in an interview. 40% used tobacco daily and 21% used cannabis daily or almost daily. Most (86.5%) had made some effort to quit or reduce their use of tobacco and/or cannabis in the past six months but few used any formal support to do so. Quitting one was significantly associated with quitting the other (<i>p</i> = 0.01). Motivation to quit tobacco was significantly higher than cannabis (t₈₃=7.38, <i>p</i> = 0.01). Gaps in capability and opportunity to quit were identified. Co-use intervention opportunities are suggested.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Few young adults used formal support when quitting tobacco or cannabis, and motivation to quit varied between tobacco and cannabis although quitting one substance was associated with quitting the other. Opportunities to quit or reduce harmful use of either or both are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":22088,"journal":{"name":"Substance Use & Misuse","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144683216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement Considerations for Alcohol Use Consequences: Differentiating Negative Events from Alcohol-Related Consequences and Comparing Frequency of Occurrence.","authors":"Jessica N Flori, Michael E Dunn, Mark J Crisafulli, Robert D Dvorak, Kristyn Zajac, Thomas V Hall","doi":"10.1080/10826084.2025.2533983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2025.2533983","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background</i>: Questionnaires assessing alcohol-related consequences potentially capture events that can also occur in the absence of alcohol use but are not assessed while sober. This lack of measurement specificity has likely led to an over-attribution of certain negative outcomes to drinking, which in turn may result in inaccuracies in our understanding of alcohol-related consequences and the impact of intervention on these outcomes. <i>Objective</i>: We examined negative events typically associated with alcohol use while drinking and while sober. Participants were 768 college students recruited from a large, southeastern university, who completed a one-time assessment related to alcohol use and negative events. We adapted an alcohol-related consequences questionnaire to collect data on negative events that occurred when drinking and sober. <i>Results</i>: Seven of eight negative events occurred more often while sober (OR = 1.80-8.20, ps < .001). None of the negative events examined, individually or in total, were more likely to occur when drinking. <i>Conclusion</i>: Findings may help to explain the persistence of high rates of consequences reported in relation to alcohol use despite decreases in drinking following intervention. Future research should refine measures of consequences to ensure that negative events that are labeled as alcohol-related can be more directly attributed to alcohol use.</p>","PeriodicalId":22088,"journal":{"name":"Substance Use & Misuse","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144668531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure to Alcohol Advertisements and Adolescent Alcohol Consumption Patterns: Findings from a Nationally Representative Study.","authors":"Dong-Hee Ryu, Jeehye Lee","doi":"10.1080/10826084.2025.2534477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2025.2534477","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigates the association between adolescent exposure to alcohol advertisements across various media and their alcohol consumption patterns in South Korea.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study utilized data from the 2024 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey (KYRBS), a nationally representative survey of 54,597 students. Multinomial logistic regression was employed to assess the association between alcohol advertisement exposure across multiple media channels and different alcohol consumption patterns, adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>High exposure rates to alcohol advertisements were observed (88.6%), particularly through online platforms (64.3%) and convenience stores (45.9%). Exposure to multiple advertising channels was significantly associated with increased odds of alcohol consumption. While convenience store advertisements were strongly associated with heavy drinking (aOR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.34-1.63), television advertisements were negatively associated with it (aOR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.70-0.85).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings highlight the need for stricter regulations on point-of-sale and digital alcohol advertising to mitigate adolescent alcohol exposure and consumption. Implementing targeted public health policies could help reduce the influence of alcohol marketing on underage drinking.</p>","PeriodicalId":22088,"journal":{"name":"Substance Use & Misuse","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144668530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Latent Structure of Past 12-Month Tobacco Use in Wave 6 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health: Examining for Differential Substructure by Generational Status.","authors":"James S Clifford, Ronaldo T Williams, Caitlyn Hall, Fernanda Moya Quezada, Courtney T Blondino","doi":"10.1080/10826084.2025.2491769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2025.2491769","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Tobacco product usage patterns vary significantly across different segments of the population. Combustible tobacco product usage decreased from 19.3% to 12.5%, while electronic cigarette (ECIG) use rose from 1.8% to 3.7% for the US population from 2010 to 2020. However, age-specific estimates differ between younger and older adults. It is possible there are latent subpopulations within American adults.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Data from Wave 6 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health survey (PATH, <i>N</i> = 30,516) were analyzed. Participants were classified as a member of Generation Z (<i>N</i> = 10,920), Millennials (<i>N</i> = 10,450), Generation X (<i>N</i> = 6122), or Baby Boomers (<i>N</i> = 3024) <i>via</i> a 6-level ordinal variable collected by PATH. Latent class analysis (LCA) identified distinct groups based on 8 tobacco use variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analysis suggests that a 4-class solution provides the optimal solution for the entire sample. These classes comprised of a low-use class, a high-use class, ECIG Plus (defined as ECIG use with less probability of other tobacco product use), and a conventional user class, defined as high probability on conventional tobacco products. A 4-class solution also provided optimal fit for each generation, though the classes were defined differently.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Understanding tobacco use patterns across different classes is crucial for public health interventions. The discovery of a possible class of social users among Generation Z and Millennials suggests that targeted interventions tailored to the social contexts and behaviors of younger generations may be effective while pharmacological treatments may be more efficacious for Baby Boomers.</p>","PeriodicalId":22088,"journal":{"name":"Substance Use & Misuse","volume":"60 8","pages":"1173-1180"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144038863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspectives of Key Partners on Improving Awareness of Virtual Harm Reduction Services: A Qualitative Study.","authors":"Navid Sedaghat, Nathan Rider, William Rioux, Adrian Teare, Stephanie Jones, Pamela Taplay, S Monty Ghosh","doi":"10.1080/10826084.2024.2447425","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10826084.2024.2447425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Supervised Consumption Sites (SCS) have proven effective in reducing overdose-related deaths by providing safe spaces for people who use substances. However, barriers such as stigma, operating hours, and travel distance can limit access to SCS. Virtual harm reduction services such as phone-based overdose response hotlines and apps have emerged as an alternative when SCS access is hindered. These collectively have also been named Mobile Overdose Response Services (MORS). At this time, little is known about how best to increase awareness of these services.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>For this qualitative study, 46 individuals across Canada were recruited to examine ways to improve awareness of virtual harm reduction. Semi-structured interviews with the participants were conducted. Data analysis using inductive thematic analysis informed by grounded theory was used to identify major themes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants identified enhanced social marketing as a priority to raise awareness and reduce the stigma associated with substance use and MORS. Social media campaigns, endorsements from peers and healthcare professionals, and community support were suggested marketing strategies. The study revealed the importance of connecting with existing resources and services, including outreach teams, to improve MORS penetration. A cohesive system and reference lists were advocated for smoother access and navigation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study offers insights into key partners' perspectives and recommendations around increasing overdose response hotline and app awareness, thereby contributing to user harm reduction efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":22088,"journal":{"name":"Substance Use & Misuse","volume":" ","pages":"733-741"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143469397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse Effects of Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Abuse in Athletes and Physically Active Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Liu Mingxing, Yu Yanfei","doi":"10.1080/10826084.2025.2460986","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10826084.2025.2460986","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are synthetic derivatives of testosterone, primarily used for their anabolic effects in increasing muscle mass. However, AAS have been increasingly abused, posing significant health risks due to their severe effects.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to quantify the adverse effects of AAS abuse across a diverse population of various ages. The effects were categorized across cardiovascular, hepatic, endocrine, musculoskeletal, and psychiatric domains.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases following PRISMA guidelines. Study quality was assessed using a modified QUADAS-2 tool, and meta-analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Meta-analysis revealed significant adverse outcomes. AAS use was linked to an increase in systolic blood pressure (BP) by a pooled mean difference (MD) of 12.43 mmHg (95% CI: 9.59 to 15.26) and diastolic BP by 8.09 mmHg (95% CI: 5.62 to 10.57). There was also a significant rise in LDL-C levels, with an MD of 9.12 mg/dL (95% CI: 6.75 to 11.49), indicating heightened cardiovascular risk. Hepatic effects were marked by elevated levels of AST and ALT, with MD of 14.47 U/L (95% CI: 12.41 to 16.52) and 12.16 U/L (95% CI: 3.28 to 21.04), respectively, suggesting significant liver stress or damage. Endocrine disruptions were profound, with a substantial reduction in testosterone levels observed, showing an MD of -141.57 ng/dL (95% CI: -160.42 to -122.72).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Raising awareness among athletes and physically active people using AAS is crucial. Future research should focus on elucidating the long-term effects of AAS and developing strategies to mitigate the associated risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":22088,"journal":{"name":"Substance Use & Misuse","volume":" ","pages":"873-887"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143410626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive Enhancers Consumption: Prevalence, Knowledge, and Determinants of Use Among Medical Students in Egypt, Sudan, and Jordan.","authors":"Yousef Hawas, Motasem Ayoub, Esraa Esmail, Mona Mahmoud Elsakka, Marina Antonios, Andrew Azeez, Shereen Gahlan, Fatima Hamadein, Yasmeen Alabdallat, Mirna Maged Armanyos, Danya Mustafa Ibrahim, Hussam Adam Ishag, Mohamed Mahmoud Qassem, Areen Anwer Melhem, Mai Alaaeldin Elsebaie, Farah Riyad Mohamed, Leen Mohammad Alhanandeh, Hadeel Mohammad Abusaifan","doi":"10.1080/10826084.2024.2434001","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10826084.2024.2434001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cognitive Enhancers (CE) are central nervous system stimulant substances known to improve cognitive functions. Due to high-perceived stress and academic pressure, CEs are becoming increasingly popular among medical students. As a result, they are more likely to misuse these substances.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to estimate the prevalence of CE consumption, compare the prevalence between countries and genders, and identify characteristics associated with CE consumption among students at medical schools in Egypt, Sudan, and Jordan.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A population-based survey study was conducted among medical students from Egypt, Sudan, and Jordan. An online self-reported questionnaire was used to collect data. Frequencies and percentages were calculated to represent participant distribution across categories. Chi-square was used for categorical variables comparisons. All tests were two-tailed, considering <i>p</i> < 0.05 statistically significant. Demographic characteristics, reasons for use, types of CE used, and side effects were compared by country and gender.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total sample of 1399 participated in the questionnaire, most of whom were females 824 (58.9%). Overall, 1236 (88.3%) were CE consumers, and 163 (11.7%) were non-consumers. Of the respondents who used CE, 814 (58.2%) reported using them daily. There was a statistically significant difference between the consumption of CE and the source of acquisition, nationality, and residence status regarding gender.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that CE use is increasing among medical students in Egypt, Sudan, and Jordan. Efficient support, stress management programs, and awareness symposia may help reduce the misuse of these substances. Future longitudinal studies are still required.</p>","PeriodicalId":22088,"journal":{"name":"Substance Use & Misuse","volume":" ","pages":"436-441"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142751728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}