{"title":"Intrathecal baclofen therapy for spasticity in a person with spinal cord injury and end-stage renal disease dependent on hemodialysis: a case report","authors":"Radha Korupolu","doi":"10.1038/s41394-024-00666-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41394-024-00666-x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Introduction</h3><p>Spasticity is one of the most common secondary complications following a spinal cord injury (SCI), which can significantly debilitate a patient irrespective of the severity of the injury. Intrathecal baclofen therapy can effectively reduce global spasticity in bilateral lower extremities at lower doses and allows precise dose titration to manage spasticity optimally. In complex patients with spasticity and multiple medical comorbidities, multidisciplinary teamwork is required to assess ITB safety and deliver timely intervention to prevent secondary complications of spasticity and improve quality of life.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Case presentation</h3><p>A 61-year-old African American male with multiple comorbidities, including end-stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring dialysis sustained non-traumatic SCI due to epidural abscess resulting in paraplegia and severe debilitating spasticity. Spasticity gradually worsened and interfered with his ability to achieve independence with functional activities appropriate for his neurological level of injury. A multidisciplinary team approach in this complex case resulted in a successful ITB trial and subsequent ITB implantation, resulting in reduced spasticity and improved quality of life. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of the administration of intrathecal baclofen pump therapy in a person with SCI and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) dependent on hemodialysis.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Discussion</h3><p>ITB therapy can be safely delivered in a person with SCI and multiple medical comorbidities, including ESRD, dependent on hemodialysis to manage spasticity. However, a careful evaluation and discussion among the multidisciplinary team managing the patient’s morbidities and patient is required to assess the risks and benefits of ITB therapy to allow the patient to make an informed decision.</p>","PeriodicalId":22079,"journal":{"name":"Spinal Cord Series and Cases","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141775426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Occlusion of vertebral artery and anterior spinal artery in cervical facet dislocation: a prospective study using computed tomography angiography.","authors":"Zhengfeng Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s41394-024-00664-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41394-024-00664-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Study design: </strong>A prospective study.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the incidence of vertebral artery (VA) occlusion and whether anterior spinal artery (ASA) is occluded in cervical facet dislocation.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>University hospital, China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>During a 2-year period, 21 conventional patients with cervical facet dislocation were prospectively enrolled. All patients received computed tomography angiography (CTA) to assess the patency of the VA, anterior radiculomedullary arteries (ARAs), and ASA at the time of injury. Clinical data were documented, including demographics, symptomatic vertebrobasilar ischemia, American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (ASIA) grades, and ASA and VA radiological characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>VA unilateral occlusion occurred in 5 of 21 patients (24%), including 2 with unilateral facet dislocation and 3 with bilateral facet dislocation. No ASA occlusion was found in all 21 patients, including 5 with VA unilateral occlusion. No patients had symptomatic vertebrobasilar ischemia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>VA occlusion occurs in approximately one-fourth of cervical facet dislocations, with infrequent symptomatic vertebrobasilar ischemia. ASA is not occluded following cervical facet dislocation, even with unilateral VA occlusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":22079,"journal":{"name":"Spinal Cord Series and Cases","volume":"10 1","pages":"50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11266586/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141752779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V Hvingelby, Ronni Mikkelsen, Gudrun Gudmundsdottir, Marlene Andersen, Ellen Merete Hagen
{"title":"A rare case of spinal involvement in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.","authors":"V Hvingelby, Ronni Mikkelsen, Gudrun Gudmundsdottir, Marlene Andersen, Ellen Merete Hagen","doi":"10.1038/s41394-024-00662-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41394-024-00662-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Here, we describe a rare case of a spinal arteriovenous fistula in a patient with known hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) and spontaneous intraspinal hemorrhage. Furthermore, we provide a brief review of the literature on the formation of spinal arteriovenous malformations (AVM) in relation to this disease.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>The case involves a 54-year-old male with known HHT. At the age of 49, the patient experienced recurrent cystitis. Urological evaluation ruled the cause to be neurological and subsequent imaging revealed a thoracic AVM. Four years later, the patient was admitted to A&E with chest pain and loss of function of the lower extremities and right arm, suspicious for ruptured aortic dissection. Trauma-CT excluded this and a final diagnosis of ruptured spinal AVM was made. Seven months post-injury, a spinal angiography was performed confirming the AVM. The remaining AVM was embolized under general anesthesia with acceptable results.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Spinal involvement in HHT is exceedingly rare but remains an important differential diagnosis, especially when patients present autonomic symptoms as these could potentially progress to life-threatening complications. The literature and the presented case indicate the prudence of closing spinal AVMs in HHT in case of symptoms, including autonomic, such as bladder dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":22079,"journal":{"name":"Spinal Cord Series and Cases","volume":"10 1","pages":"49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11255245/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141634643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jordan Guntin, Ashley Ricciardelli, Alex Flores, Jeffrey Chen, Jeffrey Treiber, Alfonso Fuentes
{"title":"Pure epidural extraosseous cavernous hemangioma with thoracic myelopathy: case report and review of literature.","authors":"Jordan Guntin, Ashley Ricciardelli, Alex Flores, Jeffrey Chen, Jeffrey Treiber, Alfonso Fuentes","doi":"10.1038/s41394-024-00655-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41394-024-00655-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Pure epidural spinal cavernous hemangiomas are rare, benign vascular tumors that account for approximately 4% of all spinal epidural tumors. Due to their dumbbell shape and propensity for foraminal invasion, they are often misdiagnosed and inadequately treated. We present a case of a 58-year-old male with extra-osseous cavernous hemangioma to better aid in diagnosis and management of these lesions.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 58-year-old male presented with chronic lower back pain, progressive lower extremity weakness, T10 sensory level, absent lower extremity proprioception, hyperreflexia, and an episode of bowel incontinence. Imaging demonstrated T7-T10 homogenous dorsal epidural mass causing cord signal change. He underwent resection with histopathologic exam revealing a pure epidural cavernous hemangioma.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Spinal epidural cavernous hemangiomas are exceedingly rare lesions that are often misdiagnosed as nerve sheath tumors and meningiomas. Common features include chronic pain and myelopathy as well as T1 isodensity, T2 hyperintensity, and homogenous enhancement. Uniquely, they present as a lobulated, spindled shape with tapered ends in the dorsal epidural space. Both gross and subtotal resection result in favorable neurologic outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":22079,"journal":{"name":"Spinal Cord Series and Cases","volume":"10 1","pages":"48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11251031/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141620964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bedside electromyography for clinical assessment of sacral motor and reflex activity adapted for patients hospitalized with acute neurological conditions: a pilot study.","authors":"Maude Duguay, Jean-Marc Mac-Thiong, Andréane Richard-Denis","doi":"10.1038/s41394-024-00657-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41394-024-00657-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Study design: </strong>Pilot cohort study.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop and implement a sacral electromyographic (sEMG) technique at bedside to ascertain sparing of sacral motor activity and reflexes in patients hospitalized for acute neurological conditions.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal a Canadian Level-1 university trauma center specialized in SCI care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nine patients underwent digital rectal examination (DRE) and sEMG, assessing voluntary anal contraction and sacral spinal reflexes (bulbocavernosus reflex and the anal wink). Our sEMG technique utilized surface recording electrodes and tactile elicitation of reflexes. EMG signal was acquired at bedside through the Noraxon MR3 system.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was quick, well accepted and did no harm. We found that contrary to the DRE, sEMG detected subclinical sacral motor activity and reflexes in 20% of cases for voluntary anal contraction and 40% of cases for the anal wink.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We believe our sEMG technique is a powerful tool able to enhance management of patients suffering from acute neurological impairments and requiring sacral function assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":22079,"journal":{"name":"Spinal Cord Series and Cases","volume":"10 1","pages":"47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11246438/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141604191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Complications in spinal cord injury persons with \"traditional\" colostomy: a case series.","authors":"Luca Negosanti, Mimosa Balloni, Siriana Landi, Elisa Mercante, Davide Villa, Rossella Sgarzani","doi":"10.1038/s41394-024-00660-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41394-024-00660-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Neurogenic bowel dysfunction is a frequent consequence of spinal cord injury/disease (SCI/D). A colostomy is considered when conservative treatments fail [1, 2]. In the last year we observed several SCI/D persons with colostomy, admitted to our institution with multiple complications.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We present four cases of SCI/D persons treated with Hartmann's procedure and admitted to our institution for pressure ulcer (PU) treatment. All patients underwent PU surgery with good results. All patients reported a subjective good evacuation setting. No one assumed laxative therapies at home. At admission, all patients underwent abdominal radiography that showed an important constipation, with cases of sub-occlusion or complete occlusion with gastroparesis. One person presented a parastomal, strangulated hernia and underwent hernia reduction and patch positioning around the stoma. During hospital stay, bowel management required an important administration of laxatives and frequent, almost daily, stoma washes.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Some considerations must be made regarding the use of traditional techniques in SCI/D people, such as Hartmann's, leaving a large part of the colon and the anatomical position of the stoma itself represent limitations to fecal progression and may cause constipation. A specific approach, tailored on the SCI/D patients' characteristics, such as the one described by our group, should be considered. Even if colostomy has been performed, appropriate therapies and health education on how to manage the stoma are fundamental to prevent complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":22079,"journal":{"name":"Spinal Cord Series and Cases","volume":"10 1","pages":"46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11245491/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141601832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rahul Sachdeva, Lauren Rietchel, Megan Lee, Dmitri Krassioukov-Enns, John Ditunno, Andrei V Krassioukov
{"title":"The Babinski Sign in 'Perseus with the head of Medusa': revisiting art through a neurological lens.","authors":"Rahul Sachdeva, Lauren Rietchel, Megan Lee, Dmitri Krassioukov-Enns, John Ditunno, Andrei V Krassioukov","doi":"10.1038/s41394-024-00661-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41394-024-00661-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22079,"journal":{"name":"Spinal Cord Series and Cases","volume":"10 1","pages":"45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11239905/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141591430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrew C Smith, Rakib Uddin Ahmed, Kenneth A Weber, MohammadJavad Negahdar, Destiny Gibson, Maxwell Boakye, Enrico Rejc
{"title":"Spinal cord lesion MRI and behavioral outcomes in a miniature pig model of spinal cord injury: exploring preclinical potential through an ad hoc comparison with human SCI.","authors":"Andrew C Smith, Rakib Uddin Ahmed, Kenneth A Weber, MohammadJavad Negahdar, Destiny Gibson, Maxwell Boakye, Enrico Rejc","doi":"10.1038/s41394-024-00658-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41394-024-00658-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Study design: </strong>prospective case series of Yucatan miniature pig spinal cord contusion injury model with comparison to human cases of spinal cord injury (SCI).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>to describe magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of spinal cord lesion severity along with estimates of lateral corticospinal tracts spared neural tissue in both a less severe and more severe contusion SCI model, as well as to describe their corresponding behavioral outcome changes.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>University laboratory setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following a more severe and less severe SCI, each pig underwent spinal cord MRI to measure lesion characteristics, along with locomotor and urodynamics outcomes testing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the pig with more severe SCI, locomotor and urodynamic outcomes were poor, and both the spinal cord lesion volume and damage estimates to the lateral corticospinal tracts were large. Conversely, in the pig with less severe SCI, locomotor and urodynamic outcomes were favorable, with the spinal cord lesion volume and damage estimates to the lateral corticospinal tracts being less pronounced. For two human cases matched on estimates of damage to the lateral corticospinal tract regions, the clinical presentations were similar to the pig outcomes, with more limited mobility and more limited bladder functional independence in the more severe case.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our initial findings contribute valuable insights to the emergent field of MRI-based evaluation of spinal cord lesions in pig models, offering a promising avenue for understanding and potentially improving outcomes in spinal cord injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":22079,"journal":{"name":"Spinal Cord Series and Cases","volume":"10 1","pages":"44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11231227/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141559777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sima Kiani Salmi, Amirreza Dehghanian, Ali Taherifard, Alireza Dehghan
{"title":"Holocord pilocytic astrocytoma in a young woman with intracranial extension: case report and review of the MRI characteristics.","authors":"Sima Kiani Salmi, Amirreza Dehghanian, Ali Taherifard, Alireza Dehghan","doi":"10.1038/s41394-024-00656-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41394-024-00656-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Pilocytic astrocytoma is a low-grade glioma more frequently seen in patients <20. It is pretty uncommon in the spinal cord. Rarely, astrocytoma may involve the most or total length of the spinal cord; in that case, they are called \"holo-cord astrocytoma.\" In this case report, we are reporting the third holo-cord pilocytic astrocytoma in an adult patient and the first with an extension to the Magendie foramen.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We presented a 24-year-old woman with complaints of progressively worsening neck and back pain since one year ago. The patient's MRI showed a very large intradural and intramedullary cystic lesion with a solid component within the spinal cord extending from the medulla to the conus medullaris. Partial resection of the solid part of the cervical portion of the tumor was performed. Histopathological evaluation of the resected tumor segments was compatible with grade I pilocytic astrocytoma. After one year of follow-up, neck and back pain has reduced, and neurological functions have improved.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Spinal cord pilocytic astrocytoma may present as a holo-cord tumor and can rarely extend to the intracranial fossa. Although this tumor does not arise from the central canal, in this case, it was extended through the Magendie foramen. Symptoms could be subtle despite extensive cord involvement. On MRI, this tumor presents as an intramedullary holo-cord cystic lesion intermixed with a solid component with a variable enhancement of the solid component.</p>","PeriodicalId":22079,"journal":{"name":"Spinal Cord Series and Cases","volume":"10 1","pages":"43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11193805/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141440903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christian Tiburtius, Kai Fiebag, Birgitt Kowald, Oliver Balzer, Sven Hirschfeld-Araujo, Roland Thietje, Ralf Böthig
{"title":"Safety of ultrasound-guided percutaneous suprapubic catheter insertion in spinal cord injury patients.","authors":"Christian Tiburtius, Kai Fiebag, Birgitt Kowald, Oliver Balzer, Sven Hirschfeld-Araujo, Roland Thietje, Ralf Böthig","doi":"10.1038/s41394-024-00653-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41394-024-00653-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective chart audit.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the safety of ultrasound-guided percutaneous suprapubic catheter (SPC) insertion in patients with spinal cord injury/disease (SCI/D) and to attempt to identify risk factors for complications.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Specialized German centre for spinal cord injuries.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective chart analysis evaluated demographic, neurologic, and neuro-urologic data and the incidence and type of complications within the first 30 days after suprapubic bladder catheter insertion in SCI/D patients in the period between January 1st, 2013, and December 31st, 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The data of 721 SCI/D patients (244 women and 477 men, 386 tetraplegics and 355 paraplegics) were analysed. There were 44 complications (6.5%), of which 11 (1.5%) were major complications according to Clavien-Dindo ≥ 3. Among these were one small bowel injury and one peritoneal injury each, but no fatal complications. Regarding major complications (according to Clavien-Dindo ≥3), only patient age was identified as a risk factor (p = 0.0145). Gender, SCI/D level, neurological completeness, and severity of SCI/D or type of neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (Odds ratio [95% CI] 1.6423 [0.4961;5.4361], 1.0421 [0.3152;3.4459], 0.3453 [0.0741;1.6101], 2.8379 [0.8567;9.4004] and 2.8095 [0.8097;9.7481] respectively) did not show any association with the frequency of major complications.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Mild complications, especially temporary hematuria or infectious complications, are not uncommon after SPC insertion in SCI/D patients. Major complications occur only rarely, and no risk factor other than age could be detected. On this basis, pre-intervention education on informed consent for SCI/D patients can be provided on an evidence-based approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":22079,"journal":{"name":"Spinal Cord Series and Cases","volume":"10 1","pages":"42"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11169511/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141311757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}