Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence and Factors Associated with Alcohol Consumption Among Secondary School Students in Nekemte, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Tesfaye Shibiru,&nbsp;Anthonisamy Arulandhu,&nbsp;Ashenafi Belete,&nbsp;Jiregna Etana,&nbsp;Wakjira Amanu","doi":"10.2147/SAR.S408736","DOIUrl":"10.2147/SAR.S408736","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alcohol consumption is a major public health concern among adolescents and young adults. Adolescence is an important period of human growth. Alcohol consumption during this age will lead to a variety of problems: health, social, economic, etc. Further, research studies have shown that alcohol consumption, both at normal and above normal levels, will lead to a wide range of health problems. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and associated factors for alcohol consumption among secondary school students in Nekemte town, East Wollega Zone, Ethiopia, in 2022.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A school-based cross-sectional research design approach is used. The data is collected using a structured and self-administered questionnaire. Through systematic random sampling, 291 out of 15,798 students ranging from 9 through 12 grades are chosen. The students selected from each school are proportional to their total strength.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study is conducted on 291 participants with a mean age of 17.5 ± 1.5 years. Of them, 49.8% are males, and the remaining 50.2% are females. It revealed that 27.84% of participants consume alcohol: 30.3% males and 25.3% females. Age (AOR: 2.755, 95% CI: 1.307-5.809), Urban location (AOR: 1.674, 95% CI: 0.962-2.914), Smoking (AOR: 0.426, 95% CI: 0.104-1.740), Chewing Khat (AOR: 2.185, 95% CI: 0.539-8.855), Having friends who drink (AOR: 1.740, 95% CI: 0.918-3.300), and having a family member who drinks alcohol. All these categories are significantly (p<0.05) associated with alcohol use.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The effects of alcohol consumption and its risks of mental illness, chronic illness, and social problems in adulthood are not completely understood by school students. Alcoholism can be eradicated using educational, preventive, and motivating measures. Special attention should be given to young people and their coping mechanisms against alcohol use.</p>","PeriodicalId":22060,"journal":{"name":"Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation","volume":"14 ","pages":"35-47"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4b/cb/sar-14-35.PMC10187642.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9495914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Smoking Status and Nicotine Dependence on Academic Performance of Health Sciences Students.","authors":"Jaber S Alqahtani,&nbsp;Abdulelah M Aldhahir,&nbsp;Zaid Alanazi,&nbsp;Emad Zahi Alsulami,&nbsp;Mujahid A Alsulaimani,&nbsp;Abdullah A Alqarni,&nbsp;Abdullah S Alqahtani,&nbsp;Ayadh Yahya AlAyadi,&nbsp;Musallam Alnasser,&nbsp;Ibrahim A AlDraiwiesh,&nbsp;Saeed M Alghamdi,&nbsp;Hussam M Almarkhan,&nbsp;Abdullah S Alsulayyim,&nbsp;Saad M AlRabeeah,&nbsp;Mohammed D AlAhmari","doi":"10.2147/SAR.S393062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/SAR.S393062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Smoking behavior has been associated with poor academic performance among adult students worldwide. However, the detrimental effect of nicotine dependence on several students' academic achievement indicators is still unclear. This study aims to assess the impact of smoking status and nicotine dependence on grade point average (GPA), absenteeism rate and academic warnings among undergraduate health sciences students in Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A validated cross-sectional survey was conducted, in which, participants responded to questions evaluated cigarette consumption, urge to consume and dependency, learning performance, days of absentees, and academic warnings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 501 students from different health specialties have completed the survey. Of whom, 66% were male, 95% ranging between the age of 18-30 years old, and 81% reported no health issues or chronic diseases. Current smokers estimated to be 30% of the respondents, of which 36% revealed smoking history of 2-3 years. The prevalence of nicotine dependency (high to extremely high) was 50%. Overall, smokers had significantly lower GPA, higher absenteeism rate, and higher number of academic warnings when compared to nonsmokers (<i>p</i><0.001). Heavy smokers demonstrated significantly less GPA (p=0.036), higher days of absences (p=0.017), and more academic warnings (p=0.021) compared to light smokers. The linear regression model indicated a significant association between smoking history (increased pack-per-year) and poor GPA (p=0.01) and increased number of academic warning last semester (p=0.01), while increased cigarette consumption was substantially linked with higher academic warnings (p=0.002), lower GPA (p=0.01), and higher absenteeism rate for last semester (p=0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Smoking status and nicotine dependence were predictive of worsening academic performance, including lower GPA, higher absenteeism rate and academic warnings. In addition, there is a substantial and unfavorable dose-response association between smoking history and cigarette consumption with impaired academic performance indicators.</p>","PeriodicalId":22060,"journal":{"name":"Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation","volume":"14 ","pages":"13-24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f1/f0/sar-14-13.PMC9970882.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10826697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nearly One-Fourth of Eastern Ethiopian Adolescents are Current Psychoactive Substance Users: A School-Based Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Abdi Birhanu,&nbsp;Tilahun Bete,&nbsp;Addis Eyeberu,&nbsp;Tamirat Getachew,&nbsp;Elias Yadeta,&nbsp;Abraham Negash,&nbsp;Magarsa Lami,&nbsp;Tegenu Balcha,&nbsp;Addisu Sertsu,&nbsp;Adera Deballa","doi":"10.2147/SAR.S401843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/SAR.S401843","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Psychoactive substance use is a growing health problem in both developing and developed countries. Despite adolescents being at high risk of practicing risky behaviors including substance use, there is no adequate information on the problem in the Harari Region, in the Eastern part of Ethiopia. Hence, the present study aimed to identify the burden of current substance use in high school adolescent students of Harari Region, Ethiopia, from 10th April to 10th May 2022.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A school-based cross-sectional study was employed on a total of 1498 randomly selected adolescent students. Poisson regression was used for the assessment of substance use over the last three months among adolescent students. The substance use burden was reported by IRR (incidence rate ratio) at a 95% Confidence interval. The final model fitness was checked using Akaike information criterion (AIC) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC) reports. The variables that had less than 0.05 P-value were declared to be statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall psychoactive substance use was 373 (24.9%, 95% Confidence Interval (CI); 22.8-27.1%). The substances included <i>khat</i> (21.6%, 95% CI; 18.6-23.6%), alcohol drinking (1.8%; 95% CI; 1.3-2.6%), and smoking (1.2%, 95% CI; 0.75-1.9%). Being male (IRR (Incidence Rate ratio) = 1.21, 95% CI; 1.11-1.38), availability of the substance (IRR (Incidence Rate ratio) = 2.02, 95%; 1.53-2.66), having substance user friends (IRR=1.60: 95% CI: 1.30-2.01), and being at a younger age (IRR = 1.21; 95% CI: 1.02-1.44) increased the psychoactive substance use rate in the adolescents.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and recommendation: </strong>One out of four adolescents was a current psychoactive substance user. Being male, substance availability, having substance-user friends, and being at younger age increased the psychoactive substance use rate in school adolescents in Eastern Ethiopia. The intervention that involves the schools' community, students' families, and executive bodies should be strengthened to overcome the substance use-related burdens among high school adolescent students.</p>","PeriodicalId":22060,"journal":{"name":"Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation","volume":"14 ","pages":"25-34"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b8/2a/sar-14-25.PMC10149075.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9460817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Alcohol and Other Drug Use Disorders: Is a One-Size-Fits-All Approach Appropriate?","authors":"Molly Magill,&nbsp;Brian D Kiluk,&nbsp;Lara A Ray","doi":"10.2147/SAR.S362864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/SAR.S362864","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We provide an overview of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) efficacy for adult alcohol or other drug use disorders (AOD) and consider some key variations in application as well as contextual (ie, moderators) or mechanistic (ie, mediators) factors related to intervention outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This work is a narrative overview of the review literature on CBT for AOD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Robust evidence suggests the efficacy of classical/traditional CBT compared to minimal and usual care control conditions. CBT combined with another evidence-based treatment such as Motivational Interviewing, Contingency Management, or pharmacotherapy is also efficacious compared to minimal and usual care control conditions, but no form of CBT consistently demonstrates efficacy compared to other empirically-supported modalities. CBT and integrative forms of CBT have potential for flexible application such as use in a digital format. Data on mechanisms of action, however, are quite limited and this is despite preliminary evidence that shows that CBT effect sizes on mechanistic outcomes (ie, secondary measures of psychosocial adjustment) are moderate and typically larger than those for AOD use.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CBT for AOD is a well-established intervention with demonstrated efficacy, effect sizes are in the small-to-moderate range, and there is potential for tailoring given the modular format of the intervention. Future work should consider mechanisms of CBT efficacy and key conditions for dissemination and implementation with fidelity.</p>","PeriodicalId":22060,"journal":{"name":"Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation","volume":"14 ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8b/1b/sar-14-1.PMC9948631.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9825457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Prospective Biopsychosocial Repeated Measures Study of Stress and Dropout from Substance Addiction Treatment.","authors":"Kari Bøhle,&nbsp;Eli Otterholt,&nbsp;Stål Kapstø Bjørkly","doi":"10.2147/SAR.S376389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/SAR.S376389","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This prospective, repeated-measures observational study tested biopsychosocial variables as risk factors for dropping out of inpatient substance addiction treatment. Substance use disorder (SUD) is viewed as a chronic relapsing disease caused by an interaction between biological, psychological, and social factors. However, there is a lack of prospective studies that combine biopsychosocial variables when assessing dropout. The aims of this study were to investigate whether there was 1) An association between biopsychosocial factors and dropping out of inpatient substance addiction treatment, 2) An interaction with SUD diagnosis and cortisol, and 3) Different dropout rates between short-term and long-term institutions.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Patients (n = 173) were recruited from two inpatient treatment centers in Norway between 2018 and 2021. The following biopsychosocial variables were measured at four timepoints: ward atmosphere (Ward Atmosphere Scale, WAS), psychological distress (Hopkins Symptom Checklist 10, HSCL-10), motivation (M-scale of the Circumstances, Motivation, Readiness, and Suitability questionnaire), and concentration of salivary cortisol (CORT- nmol/L). Cortisol levels were measured for two consecutive days at each timepoint and calculated by two cortisol indices, daytime cortisol slope (DCS) and area under the curve with respect to the ground (AUC_G). A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to find an association between dropout rates and the biopsychosocial variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results suggest a lower dropout odds for patients with high motivation (OR = 0.76, p = 0.022) and patients admitted to short-term treatment (OR = 0.06, p = 0.005). An interaction with stimulant SUD and DCS (OR = 13.74, p = 0.024) also revealed higher dropout odds. No statistical significance was found for psychological distress, WAS, and cortisol AUC_G.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results support monitoring motivation during treatment and further investigating biopsychosocial variables when assessing dropout risk together with SUD diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":22060,"journal":{"name":"Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation","volume":"14 ","pages":"61-75"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/cb/14/sar-14-61.PMC10351681.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9836331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of Addiction in Binge-Eating Disorder: Considerations for Screening and Treatment.","authors":"Alexandra Paul,&nbsp;Aleena Ghanta,&nbsp;Ariana M Chao","doi":"10.2147/SAR.S391636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/SAR.S391636","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Similarities have been reported between the diagnostic and associated characteristics of binge-eating disorder (BED) and substance-related and non-substance-related disorders. This has resulted in interest in using addiction models to inform clinical care for people with BED. The purpose of this paper was to review features of addiction in BED with a focus on clinical implications. First, we briefly summarize similarities and differences in diagnostic and mechanistic features and symptoms for BED and food addiction, substance-related disorders, and non-substance-related disorders. Then we review aspects of addiction in BED that have clinical implications for screening and treatment of this condition. Similarities in diagnostic criteria between BED and substance-related and non-substance-related disorders include loss of control, greater use than intended, continued use despite adverse consequences, and marked distress. Addiction models may help inform aspects of clinical care of BED, particularly for shared antecedents and mechanisms underlying both disorders and to enhance engagement in treatment. Yet, there are large gaps in evidence regarding the effects of many aspects of addiction models to BED. More research is needed to examine the safety and efficacy of using addiction theories and frameworks for clinical strategies for BED.</p>","PeriodicalId":22060,"journal":{"name":"Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation","volume":"14 ","pages":"77-87"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ec/5c/sar-14-77.PMC10408689.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9964199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-Psycho-Social Profile of People with Substance Use Disorders Treated in Locally Assigned Treatment Facilities in Kandahar, Afghanistan.","authors":"Muhammad Haroon Stanikzai,&nbsp;Mohammad Wahid Wahidi","doi":"10.2147/SAR.S412821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/SAR.S412821","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Substance use and its associated bio-psycho-social problems are public health concerns with harmful individual and social consequences.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study assessed the bio-psycho-social profile of people with substance use disorders (SUD) treated at locally assigned treatment facilities in Kandahar, Afghanistan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted this facility-based cross-sectional study among 621 substance users receiving care at three locally assigned treatment facilities in November-December 2022. We performed multiple linear regression to determine factors associated with psychological symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the participants was 34.41 (± 10.10 SD) years. The majority of our subjects (81.2%) perceived their physical health as very good or fair. More than two-thirds (73.4%) rated their social support as high. Of all participants, 541 (87.1%) had symptoms of depression, 569 (91.6%) of anxiety, and 442 (71.2%) of stress. The prevalence of severe depression, anxiety, and stress was 34.8%, 65.8%, and 27.3%, respectively. The multiple linear regression showed that several attributes of people with substance use disorders [ie, having a low level of education (β=0.12, p=<0.001), being unemployed (β=0.31, p=<0.001), having a low level of social support (β=-0.35, p=<0.001), had a pre-existing medical condition (β=-0.28, p=<0.001), and having lived abroad in the past ten years (β=0.10, p=0.001)] were significantly associated with higher DASS-21 total scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the importance of providing bio-psycho-social support programs and implementing therapeutic interventions to help people with substance use disorders, particularly those who are most susceptible to higher levels of bio-psycho-social problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":22060,"journal":{"name":"Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation","volume":"14 ","pages":"89-98"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9c/a7/sar-14-89.PMC10417592.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10352043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Updated Perspectives on the Neurobiology of Substance Use Disorders Using Neuroimaging.","authors":"Kevin S Murnane,&nbsp;Amber N Edinoff,&nbsp;Elyse M Cornett,&nbsp;Alan D Kaye","doi":"10.2147/SAR.S362861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/SAR.S362861","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Substance use problems impair social functioning, academic achievement, and employability. Psychological, biological, social, and environmental factors can contribute to substance use disorders. In recent years, neuroimaging breakthroughs have helped elucidate the mechanisms of substance misuse and its effects on the brain. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) are all examples. Neuroimaging studies suggest substance misuse affects executive function, reward, memory, and stress systems. Recent neuroimaging research attempts have provided clinicians with improved tools to diagnose patients who misuse substances, comprehend the complicated neuroanatomy and neurobiology involved, and devise individually tailored and monitorable treatment regimens for individuals with substance use disorders. This review describes the most recent developments in drug misuse neuroimaging, including the neurobiology of substance use disorders, neuroimaging, and substance use disorders, established neuroimaging techniques, recent developments with established neuroimaging techniques and substance use disorders, and emerging clinical neuroimaging technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":22060,"journal":{"name":"Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation","volume":"14 ","pages":"99-111"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d4/2f/sar-14-99.PMC10424678.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10015605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drug Epidemiology as a Critical Subject of Global Health, Mental Health, and Health Equity: Advances, Trends, and Contemporary Issues.","authors":"Joshua Owolabi","doi":"10.2147/SAR.S384987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/SAR.S384987","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drug epidemiology basically involves the methodical study of the incidence, distribution, and impact of drug or substance abuse in populations and associated factors with a view to proffering solutions or interventions. Drug epidemiology has significantly evolved over the years. The nature of substances that are being used or abused has also drastically evolved, just as the factors that are associated are also evolving. Populations appear to have observable trends or patterns and characteristic underlying factors that are primarily responsible for the trends. Unfortunately, there have not been adequate efforts to appreciate the evolutions that have characterized the patterns of drug or substance abuse or the factors that are responsible for these trends. This is also because drug epidemiology has arguably not been given the attention that it probably deserves worldwide. Judging by recent developments and data on prevalence, drug epidemiology warrants significant attention. This article provides insights into drug epidemiology, not just as a concept but a subject of public and global health, and health equity. It also highlights challenges and matters arising in drug epidemiology, sheds light on contemporary issues, and attempts to suggest solutions. Finally, it advocates for policies and practices that are in line with global realities and trends.</p>","PeriodicalId":22060,"journal":{"name":"Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"111-116"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f5/a1/sar-13-111.PMC9719394.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35259813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Community-Based Study of Level and Determinants of Substance Use: Findings from Children Experiencing Homelessness in Major Cities of Northern Ethiopia.","authors":"Zinabu Asfaw,&nbsp;Mengistu Mitiku,&nbsp;Haftom Temesgen Abebe,&nbsp;Mussie Tesfay Atsbeha","doi":"10.2147/SAR.S381768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/SAR.S381768","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Homelessness among children is a significant problem in most nations of the world. Children who experienced homelessness are most often unable to get secured and adequate housing. Such problems expose them to a range of destructive practices such as substance use. This study, therefore, was designed to evaluate the level and determinants of substance use by children who experienced homelessness in major cities of Northern Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was undertaken from October 1, 2019 to February 30, 2020. We conducted street-based outreach searching to get a representative sample of the city's children who experienced homelessness and a total of 422 were recruited. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Regression analysis was done to identify factors associated with substance use and statistical significance was declared at <i>p</i> < 0.05 and 95% confidence interval.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>More than 80% of the children who experienced homelessness use alcohol, cigarette or chat. Marriage status of parents before the child experiences homelessness being divorce (AOR = 8.53, 95% CI: 1.87-38.89), occupational status of mother being a daily laborer (AOR = 2.78, 95% CI: 0.83, 9.31), child relationship status with parents before child experiences homelessness (AOR = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.02-0.30) and parents' residential status before child experiences homelessness being rural (AOR = 5.63, 95% CI: 1.77-17.89) are the independent variables that established statistically significant association with the outcome variable, substance use.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and recommendation: </strong>The majority of the children who experienced homelessness are exposed to substance use, particularly alcohol and cigarette. Efforts are needed by concerned bodies of the region to work on factors that predispose to homelessness and strategically safeguard the health and wellbeing of the children.</p>","PeriodicalId":22060,"journal":{"name":"Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"101-110"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d7/5d/sar-13-101.PMC9718496.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35208027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}