Xueting Wang, Yunchuang Wang, Mei-Yueh Wu, Ruopian Fang, Xi Yang, Da-Wei Wang
{"title":"Ultrasonication-assisted fabrication of porous ZnO@C nanoplates for lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Xueting Wang, Yunchuang Wang, Mei-Yueh Wu, Ruopian Fang, Xi Yang, Da-Wei Wang","doi":"10.20517/microstructures.2022.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/microstructures.2022.11","url":null,"abstract":"Lithium-ion batteries have made significant commercial and academic progress in recent decades. Zinc oxide (ZnO) has been widely studied as a lithium-ion battery anode due to its high theoretical capacity of 987 mAh g-1, natural abundance, low cost, and environmental friendliness. However, ZnO suffers from poor electronic conductivity and large volume variation during the battery discharge/charge process, leading to capacity deterioration during long-term cycling. Herein, porous ZnO@C nanoplates are developed to offer short ion diffusion pathways and good conduction networks for both Li ions and electrons. The porous nanoplates provide abundant active sites for electrochemical reactions with minimized charge transfer impedance. As a result, the porous ZnO@C nanoplates deliver higher performance for lithium-ion storage compared with a bare ZnO anode. Furthermore, with the introduction of reduced graphene oxide (rGO), the ZnO@C@rGO composite anode achieves a capacity of 229.3 mAh g-1 at a high current density of 2 A g-1.","PeriodicalId":22044,"journal":{"name":"Superlattices and Microstructures","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75561885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ding Xu, Mingliang Wang, Tianxin Li, Xiang Wei, Yiping Lu
{"title":"A critical review of the mechanical properties of CoCrNi-based medium-entropy alloys","authors":"Ding Xu, Mingliang Wang, Tianxin Li, Xiang Wei, Yiping Lu","doi":"10.20517/microstructures.2021.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/microstructures.2021.10","url":null,"abstract":"The CoCrFeMnNi alloy is one of the most notable first-generation high-entropy alloys and is also known as a Cantor alloy. This alloy was first proposed in 2004 and shows promising performance at cryogenic temperatures (CTs). Subsequent research has indicated that the equiatomic ternary CoCrNi medium-entropy alloy (MEA), as a subset of the Cantor alloy family, has better mechanical properties than the CoCrFeMnNi alloy. Interestingly, both the strength and ductility of the CoCrNi MEA are higher at CTs than at room temperature. CoCrNi-based alloys have attracted considerable attention in the metallic materials community and it is therefore important to generalize and summarize the latest progress in CoCrNi-based MEA research. The present review initially briefly introduces the discovery of the CoCrNi MEA. Subsequently, its tensile response and deformation mechanisms are summarized. In particular, the effects of parameters, such as critical resolved shear stress, stacking fault energy and short-range ordering, on the deformation behavior are discussed in detail. The methods for strengthening the CoCrNi MEA are then reviewed and divided into two categories, namely, modifying microstructures and adjusting chemical compositions. In addition, the mechanical performance of CoCrNi-based MEAs, including their dynamic shear properties, creep behavior and fracture toughness, is also deliberated. Finally, the development prospects of CoCrNi-based MEAs are proposed.","PeriodicalId":22044,"journal":{"name":"Superlattices and Microstructures","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76391496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Influence of softening annealing on microstructural heredity and mechanical properties of medium-Mn steel","authors":"Fanglin Ding, Qinyi Guo, B. Hu, H. Luo","doi":"10.20517/microstructures.2022.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/microstructures.2022.01","url":null,"abstract":"Softening annealing (SA) is often required for producing medium-Mn steels (MMS) as it lowers hardness so that they can be cold rolled to reduce thickness. The influences of different SA processes on the microstructural heredity during the processing route and the final tensile properties were studied. It was found that the SA process could either intensify or weaken the influence of the Mn segregation resulting from solidification on the subsequent microstructural evolution during the process, i.e., microstructural heredity. In the case when no SA was employed, both recrystallization and rapid growth of ferrite grains preceded the reverse austenitic transformation during the intercritical annealing (IA) in the Mn-lean regions, where very coarse ferrite grains were formed. This deteriorated ductility was due to the propagation of cracking along the boundary of the coarse-grained and fine-grained regions. In contrast, SA at a sufficiently high temperature could dissolve cementite, producing uniformly distributed austenite grains. They transformed to martensite during cold rolling but were reborn during IA. As a result, ultrafine austenite and ferrite grains were uniformly distributed, which improved ductility significantly. This study hints at a new approach to altering the microstructural heredity resulting from the heterogeneous Mn distribution in MMS.","PeriodicalId":22044,"journal":{"name":"Superlattices and Microstructures","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80603982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Microstructural evolution and ferroelectricity in HfO2 films","authors":"Dou Zhao, Zibin Chen, Xiaozhou Liao","doi":"10.20517/microstructures.2021.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/microstructures.2021.11","url":null,"abstract":"Ferroelectric (FE) materials, which typically adopt the perovskite structure with non-centrosymmetry and exhibit spontaneous polarization, are promising for applications in memory, electromechanical and energy storage devices. However, these advanced applications suffer from the intrinsic limitations of perovskite FEs, including poor complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) compatibility and environmental issues associated with lead. Hafnium oxide (HfO2), with stable bulk centrosymmetric phases, possesses robust ferroelectricity in nanoscale thin films due to the formation of non-centrosymmetric phases. Owing to its high CMOS compatibility and high scalability, HfO2 has attracted significant attention. In the last decade, significant efforts have been made to explore the origin of the ferroelectricity and factors that influence the FE properties in HfO2 films, particularly regarding the role of microstructure, which is vital in clarifying these issues. Although several comprehensive reviews of HfO2 films have been published, there is currently no review focused on the relationship between microstructure and FE properties. This review focuses on the microstructure-property relationships in FE polycrystalline and epitaxial HfO2 films. The crystallographic structures and characterization methods for HfO2 polymorphs are first discussed. For polycrystalline HfO2 films, the microstructure-FE properties relationships, driving force and kinetic pathway of phase transformations under growth parameters or external stimuli are reviewed. For epitaxial films, the lattice matching relations between HfO2 films and substrates and the corresponding impact on the FE properties are discussed. The FE properties between polycrystalline and epitaxial HfO2 films are compared based on their different microstructural characteristics. Finally, a future perspective is given for further investigating FE HfO2 films.","PeriodicalId":22044,"journal":{"name":"Superlattices and Microstructures","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82121474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Environmental embrittlement behavior of high-entropy alloys","authors":"","doi":"10.20517/microstructures.2022.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/microstructures.2022.26","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22044,"journal":{"name":"Superlattices and Microstructures","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84537095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"K6Sn4F12I2•0.5H2O: a zero-dimensional alkali metal tin mixed halide compound exhibiting color change due to crystal water loss","authors":"P. Gong, S. Luo, Zheshuai Lin","doi":"10.20517/microstructures.2021.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/microstructures.2021.07","url":null,"abstract":"a zero-dimensional metal tin mixed halide compound exhibiting color change due to crystal water loss. Abstract A new zero-dimensional alkali-metal tin mixed halide, K 6 Sn 4 F 12 I 2 • 0.5H 2 O, is synthesized by a hydrothermal method. It crystallizes in the cubic centrosymmetric space group of Fd-3m (No. 227) and its structure consists of crystal water molecules and ordered arranged [Sn 4 F 12 I 4 ] fundamental structural blocks trapped in [K 18 ] cages. Interestingly, K 6 Sn 4 F 12 I 2 • 0.5H 2 O exhibits a color change from colorless to orange when exposed to air. Experimental measurements combined with theoretical calculations reveal that the color change in K 6 Sn 4 F 12 I 2 • 0.5H 2 O is attributed to the loss of crystal water.","PeriodicalId":22044,"journal":{"name":"Superlattices and Microstructures","volume":"13 1 Suppl 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78486500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Hossain , M.K. Sobayel , F.T. Munna , S. Islam , H.I. Alkhammash , Khaled Althubeiti , S.M. Jahangir Alam , K. Techato , Md. Akhtaruzzaman , M.J. Rashid
{"title":"Tuning the bandgap of Cd1-xZnxS (x = 0~1) buffer layer and CIGS absorber layer for obtaining high efficiency","authors":"T. Hossain , M.K. Sobayel , F.T. Munna , S. Islam , H.I. Alkhammash , Khaled Althubeiti , S.M. Jahangir Alam , K. Techato , Md. Akhtaruzzaman , M.J. Rashid","doi":"10.1016/j.spmi.2021.107100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spmi.2021.107100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This numerical study deals with the CIGS solar cell considering Cd<sub>1-x</sub>Zn<sub>x</sub><span>S buffer layer. The composition ‘x’ of the buffer layer is determined and its impact on the solar cell performance parameters is studied. The influence of the buffer layer thickness on quantum efficiency is also discussed. The tuned bandgap and optimized thickness of the Cd</span><sub>1-x</sub>Zn<sub>x</sub><span>S buffer layer are then utilized to obtain the suitable bandgap of the CIGS absorber layer. The maximum power conversion zone is revealed in terms of the CIGS bandgap and the impact of this bandgap on spectral response as well as performance parameters are discussed. The Cd</span><sub>0.6</sub>Zn<sub>0.4</sub><span>S/CIGS interface is studied by varying the defect density from 10</span><sup>10</sup> cm<sup>−3</sup> to 10<sup>16</sup> cm<sup>−3</sup>. The cell performances are also analyzed for the temperature ranging from 260 K to 350 K.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22044,"journal":{"name":"Superlattices and Microstructures","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 107100"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42747366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M.A.A.Z. Md Sahar , Z. Hassan , S.S. Ng , N.A. Hamzah , Y. Yusuf , N.N. Novikova , V.A. Yakovlev , S.A. Klimin
{"title":"An insight into growth transition in AlN epitaxial films produced by metal-organic chemical vapour deposition at different growth temperatures","authors":"M.A.A.Z. Md Sahar , Z. Hassan , S.S. Ng , N.A. Hamzah , Y. Yusuf , N.N. Novikova , V.A. Yakovlev , S.A. Klimin","doi":"10.1016/j.spmi.2021.107095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spmi.2021.107095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>This work demonstrates a clear picture growth transition of aluminium nitride<span> (AlN) films from the three-dimensional (3D) to the two-dimensional (2D) regime on the sapphire substrate at various temperatures using metal-organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) under low reactor pressure. The high deposition rate of large 3D AlN islands that isolated each other change to 2D growth mode with a smoother surface as temperature increases from 800 °C to 1340 °C. From x-ray diffraction measurement, the AlN (100), AlN (002), and AlN (101) planes exhibit strong peak monocrystalline AlN (002) films as the temperature increase. It found that the AlN film grew at 1100 °C in the Frank–van der Merwe or 2D growth mode exhibits the highest crystalline quality with the threading dislocation density around 2.21 × 10</span></span><sup>9</sup> cm<sup>−2</sup><span>. In addition, the lattice vibrational parameters of the AlN films at 1100 °C shows the lowest phonon<span> damping from IR spectra results. Thus, this study details the AlN epitaxial films growth transition, which is crucial for growing high crystalline quality AlN layer using the MOCVD technique.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":22044,"journal":{"name":"Superlattices and Microstructures","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 107095"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44943586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comprehensive review on electrical noise analysis of TFET structures","authors":"Sweta Chander, Sanjeet Kumar Sinha, Rekha Chaudhary","doi":"10.1016/j.spmi.2021.107101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.spmi.2021.107101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tunnel Filed Effect Transistors (TFETs) have appeared as an alternative for conventional CMOS due to their advantages like very low leakage current and steep sub-threshold slope. In semiconductor devices, noise is considered an undesired signal that can deteriorate the desired signal. In TFET structures different noise sources affect the performance at different frequency ranges. This paper presents a comprehensive review of impact of electrical noise on the performance of various TFET structures. The impact of both low-frequency noise sources and high-frequency sources have been discussed thoroughly. The study of different types of electrical noises occur in simple TFET device and different structures of TFET is presented.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":22044,"journal":{"name":"Superlattices and Microstructures","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 107101"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41824899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hang Xu, Shengjie Xu, Xun Xu, J. Zhuang, W. Hao, Yi Du
{"title":"Recent advances in two-dimensional van der Waals magnets","authors":"Hang Xu, Shengjie Xu, Xun Xu, J. Zhuang, W. Hao, Yi Du","doi":"10.20517/microstructures.2022.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/microstructures.2022.02","url":null,"abstract":"Two-dimensional (2D) magnets have evoked tremendous interest within the research community due to their fascinating features and novel mechanisms, as well as their potential applications in magnetic nanodevices. In this review, state-of-the-art research into the exploration of 2D magnets from the perspective of their magnetic interaction and order mechanisms is discussed. The properties of these magnets can be effectively modulated by varying the external parameters, such as the charge carrier doping, thickness effect, pressure and strain. The potential applications of heterostructures of these 2D magnets in terms of the interlayer coupling strength are reviewed, and the challenges and outlook for this field are proposed.","PeriodicalId":22044,"journal":{"name":"Superlattices and Microstructures","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81564472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}