History: Reviews of New Books最新文献_第8页

Utopia’s Discontents: Émigrés and the Quest for Freedom 乌托邦的不满:Émigrés和对自由的追求

History: Reviews of New Books Pub Date : 2023-07-04 DOI: 10.1080/03612759.2023.2221529

J. Brooks

{"title":"Utopia’s Discontents: Émigrés and the Quest for Freedom","authors":"J. Brooks","doi":"10.1080/03612759.2023.2221529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03612759.2023.2221529","url":null,"abstract":"odization. Most works indicate that the Great Famine stretched from 1845 when the staple potato crop precipitously declined to 1852 when potato crops returned to a stable level based on the reduced level of population in Ireland. McMahon extends this timeframe to 1855 when the number of Irish migrants declined to pre-1845 levels. All told, the Great Famine would kill over one million Irish and cause almost two million to flee the Emerald Isle. The sudden reduction of three million from a total population of approximately eight million within a single decade represents one of the largest population movements in global history. McMahon’s work is told from the perspective of the emigrants themselves using many diaries and personal accounts to balance and personalize the archival sources. McMahon focuses on the 1.5 million approximate emigrants who journeyed to the United States, but he does not forget the roughly 300,000 who traveled to each Canadian or Great Britain destination, nor the 75,000 who made the long journey to Australia. Very few of the emigrants left directly from Irish shores to their destination and the majority crossed the Irish Sea to the great British seaport of Liverpool before departing on the final leg of their journey. Most of the Irish emigrants who decided to remain in Great Britain occurred before 1848 when a head tax was levied on arriving Irish emigrants. From 1848 on, the Irish diaspora away from the English isles began in earnest. McMahon begins by explaining how nearly two million people found the means to leave Ireland during the collapse of the Irish economy. Some emigrants were granted passage money or received paid tickets from the very landlords in whose fields they had previously labored. This was done to reduce the cost of the tax burden incurred by the landlords from the abandoned tenant farms. Most received money from family and friends, either within the British Isles or from abroad, to make the journey. McMahon’s next section, and the heart of the work, is the long ocean voyage these emigrants endured to reach whatever destination to which they were bound. McMahon does this by viewing events through the eyes of the passengers themselves from embarkation to life in steerage on a passage boat, and the inevitable occurrence of death that some emigrants experienced on the voyage. The title Coffin Ship refers to the high death rate on some of the earliest ships used for Irish emigrants. McMahon is quick to argue, however, the term coffin ship had been used for many years prior to the Great Famine and that ship owners were quick to replace the early cramped vessels with ones that afforded better accommodations to compete more effectively for the increased passenger trade the emigrants represented. Throughout his work, McMahon highlights the sense of community in which these emigrants shared. The initial surge of emigrant travel ruptured the existing community of tenant farmers and their neighbors, while a dangerou","PeriodicalId":220055,"journal":{"name":"History: Reviews of New Books","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121282305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Queen Victoria: This Thorny Crown 维多利亚女王:这顶荆棘王冠

History: Reviews of New Books Pub Date : 2023-07-04 DOI: 10.1080/03612759.2023.2221542

Miles Taylor

引用次数: 0

Soviets in Space: Russia’s Cosmonauts and the Space Frontier 《太空中的苏联人:俄罗斯宇航员和太空前沿》

History: Reviews of New Books Pub Date : 2023-07-04 DOI: 10.1080/03612759.2023.2221544

Ian Varga

引用次数: 0

Defying Hitler: The White Rose Pamphlets 《反抗希特勒:白玫瑰小册子

History: Reviews of New Books Pub Date : 2023-07-04 DOI: 10.1080/03612759.2023.2221540

H. Potter

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The Coffin Ship: Life and Death at Sea during the Great Irish Famine 《棺材船:爱尔兰大饥荒期间海上的生与死

History: Reviews of New Books Pub Date : 2023-07-04 DOI: 10.1080/03612759.2023.2221546

David Ward

{"title":"The Coffin Ship: Life and Death at Sea during the Great Irish Famine","authors":"David Ward","doi":"10.1080/03612759.2023.2221546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03612759.2023.2221546","url":null,"abstract":"the seventeenth century than he presents in Global Trade and Commercial Networks. Blood, Sweat and Earth also provides a range of statistics that explore the nature of labor and the productivity (or lack of) of various regions, including production in the Congo at various points in the twentieth century. Charts are also provided that visualize official numbers for both slaves used in the diamond district and carats mined in Brazil for the period between 1740 and 1785 and 1740 to 1806, respectively, and the official numbers of carats mined in West Africa, which are amalgamated into five-year blocks for the years between 1920 and 1979. The numerous images included in the book provide visuals on the nature of diamond extraction and accentuate the segregation and de-humanization of African laborers. Vanneste was able to secure some of the more graphic images that Marcia Pointon (2018) also used to show the cavity searches that stripped Africans were subjected to at the De Beers Kimberley Mine circa 1884. The discussion of blood diamonds presented within Blood, Sweat and Earth can also be used to connect with a broader discussion of conflict minerals that has plagued the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Although Vanneste provides extensive examples and research on the diamond industry, areas for further investigation include German involvement in the diamond industry before the First World War and diamond production in the Northwest Territories in Canada. There is some German content as Blood, Sweat and Earth explores how the Holocaust affected the diamond cutting industry in Nazi-occupied Europe and briefly discusses German involvement in the diamond industry through its South West Africa colony prior to the First World War. Although Vanneste cites Steven Press (2018) in his endnotes, Press’s work Blood and Diamonds: Germany’s Imperial Ambitions in Africa (2021) elucidates the German policies adopted for diamond production in its South West Africa colony and the effects it had on the German economy. This book, which was published the same year as Blood, Sweat and Earth, also connects with some of the themes Vanneste explores regarding the control of diamond deposits and issues related to labor, and would be a nice supplemental book for Vanneste’s broader study. Furthermore, the section in the sixth chapter pertaining to Canada charts the development of diamond production in the Northwest Territories, although a discussion of the impacts that mining has had in the Canadian north and its Indigenous population is largely absent from the chapter. That said, Vanneste briefly probes this issue in his epilogue, and it is expected that this will be a topic of further exploration if he is to write a book exploring the consequences diamond mining has had on the environment and control over indigenous lands (21). Although Blood, Sweat and Earth is not the first examination to shed light on the “dark” history of diamonds, it is one of the more comprehensive exa","PeriodicalId":220055,"journal":{"name":"History: Reviews of New Books","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131724385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pogroms: A Documentary History 大屠杀:一部历史纪录片

History: Reviews of New Books Pub Date : 2023-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/03612759.2023.2214007

Hillel J. Kieval

{"title":"Pogroms: A Documentary History","authors":"Hillel J. Kieval","doi":"10.1080/03612759.2023.2214007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03612759.2023.2214007","url":null,"abstract":"Ferry was forced to defend his overseas activities, and with it provided one of the most trenchant rationales for republican empire to date, citing the spread of civilization and racial superiority as justifications for overseas expansion. As Ferry and his allies explained, this civilizing mission was the basis for France’s politique coloniale, a policy aimed at promoting human progress that theoretically differed markedly from the colonial conquest of the past. It wasn’t simply that republicans were obfuscating the racist logic and militarist implications of their own politique coloniale that makes these debates significant. Nor that the Tonkin Affair compelled republican ideologues to clarify their position on empire. For Carroll, the significance of these disputes is in the arguments that framed the controversy, with opponents levying accusations of Bonapartism against republicans committed to proving the contrary. “The specter of Napoleon III... ,” as Carroll writes, “continued to loom over conversations about republican colonialism across France” (161). Yet if the Tonkin Affair marked the culmination of efforts to define a republican brand of empire, it was also the last salvo in these battles. As the 1890s dawned, contentions over the Bonapartist past began to fade from public memory, and with it competing views of colonial conquest. Colonial expansion was criticized on matters of strategy and military competence in the press or before the assembly, but allusions to Bonapartism were notably muted. According to Carroll, by the 1890s, political elites had reached a consensus regarding the meaning and import of empire. In distancing themselves from Bonapartism, republicans had successful shaped their own model of colonial empire. Advocacy groups and lobbies supported the politique coloniale and politicians frequently nationalized the overseas imperial project, presenting it as a collective effort of national rejuvenation that eschewed political factionalism. Most importantly, empire abroad no longer translate into empire at home, and the term “colonial empire” touted by republicans embodied this mental shift. “Empire” had been freed from its Bonapartist trappings, making republican colonial empire imaginable and even desirable. Carroll has offered a compelling argument that draws attention to the ways in which political culture and discourse combined with historical memory to influence the evolution of republican empire in France. Yet even as she is sensitive to the dialogic nature of this evolution and treats competing visions and memories in detail, there is one voice that seems absent, and this becomes apparent in the concluding remarks of the book. Carroll repeatedly insists that native colonial subjects never had opportunities to participate in these debates and that the conversation was dominated by metropolitans and settlers. This is no doubt true to an extent. Yet the conclusion offers a possible alternative to this claim with the rela","PeriodicalId":220055,"journal":{"name":"History: Reviews of New Books","volume":"1606 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132903502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Gloves: An Intimate History 手套:一段亲密的历史

History: Reviews of New Books Pub Date : 2023-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/03612759.2023.2214015

B. Orzada

引用次数: 1

Islam and Nationalism in Modern Greece, 1821–1940 现代希腊的伊斯兰教和民族主义，1821-1940

History: Reviews of New Books Pub Date : 2023-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/03612759.2023.2213987

D. Antoniou

引用次数: 0

The Four Ages of American Foreign Policy: Weak Power, Great Power, Superpower, Hyperpower 美国外交政策的四个时代:弱国、大国、超级大国、超级大国

History: Reviews of New Books Pub Date : 2023-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/03612759.2023.2214006

J. Kaufman

引用次数: 1

The Tudor Sheriff: A Study in Early Modern Administration 都铎郡长:近代早期行政研究

History: Reviews of New Books Pub Date : 2023-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/03612759.2023.2214008

Simon Lambe

{"title":"The Tudor Sheriff: A Study in Early Modern Administration","authors":"Simon Lambe","doi":"10.1080/03612759.2023.2214008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03612759.2023.2214008","url":null,"abstract":"community, which helps us understand the conventions of past societies, and in its potential to explain “the negotiation of social hierarchies, the circulation and reception of ideas, and the formation of popular movements” (161). Carla Roth’s book is a fluent and pleasant read, which gives no cause for complaint. It is unclear why she favored the name Basle for the city, given that Basel is the preferred name for English works, and not only. I understand that this was the French form of the name, used until the eighteenth century, but the work appeared in 2022! Even some of the books cited in the work are listed in the notes or bibliography as having appeared in Basle, although their covers say Basel (Geschichtsschreibung der Schweiz, by Feller and Bonjour is just one example)! But this is absolutely a minor matter and probably has to do with some Oxford norms. The audience to which the book is addressed is an academic one, with historians, anthropologists, and sociologists being among those potentially interested in this subject. Even though it contains only 164 pages of text, the book captures the essence of R€ utiner’s era, the way people thought and communicated, how they transmitted information and how they related to the great transformations happening around them. I appreciate the publication of this book and the contribution it brings by capitalizing on a seemingly minor, but informative source.","PeriodicalId":220055,"journal":{"name":"History: Reviews of New Books","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133731167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0