South African Journal of Science最新文献_第10页

Evaluating 3D human face reconstruction from a frontal 2D image, focusing on facial regions associated with foetal alcohol syndrome 从正面2D图像评估3D人脸重建，重点关注与胎儿酒精综合征相关的面部区域

IF 2.4 4区综合性期刊

South African Journal of Science Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.17159/sajs.2023/12064

Felix Atuhaire, B. Egger, Tinashe Ernest Mutsvangwa

{"title":"Evaluating 3D human face reconstruction from a frontal 2D image, focusing on facial regions associated with foetal alcohol syndrome","authors":"Felix Atuhaire, B. Egger, Tinashe Ernest Mutsvangwa","doi":"10.17159/sajs.2023/12064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2023/12064","url":null,"abstract":"Foetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a preventable condition caused by maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy. The FAS facial phenotype is an important factor for diagnosis, alongside central nervous system impairments and growth abnormalities. Current methods for analysing the FAS facial phenotype rely on 3D facial image data, obtained from costly and complex surface scanning devices. An alternative is to use 2D images, which are easy to acquire with a digital camera or smart phone. However, 2D images lack the geometric accuracy required for accurate facial shape analysis. Our research offers a solution through the reconstruction of 3D human faces from single or multiple 2D images. We have developed a framework for evaluating 3D human face reconstruction from a single-input 2D image using a 3D face model for potential use in FAS assessment. We first built a generative morphable model of the face from a database of registered 3D face scans with diverse skin tones. Then we applied this model to reconstruct 3D face surfaces from single frontal images using a model-driven sampling algorithm. The accuracy of the predicted 3D face shapes was evaluated in terms of surface reconstruction error and the accuracy of FAS-relevant landmark locations and distances. Results show an average root mean square error of 2.62 mm. Our framework has the potential to estimate 3D landmark positions for parts of the face associated with the FAS facial phenotype. Future work aims to improve on the accuracy and adapt the approach for use in clinical settings.","PeriodicalId":21928,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45336924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Changes in the own group bias across immediate and delayed recognition tasks 在即时和延迟识别任务中自身群体偏见的变化

IF 2.4 4区综合性期刊

South African Journal of Science Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.17159/sajs.2023/12126

C. Tredoux, Ahmed M. Megreya, Alicia Nortje, Kate Kempen

{"title":"Changes in the own group bias across immediate and delayed recognition tasks","authors":"C. Tredoux, Ahmed M. Megreya, Alicia Nortje, Kate Kempen","doi":"10.17159/sajs.2023/12126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2023/12126","url":null,"abstract":"Face recognition is biased in favour of in-group identity, particularly strongly for race or ethnicity but to some extent also for sex and age. This ‘own group bias’ (OGB) can have profound implications in practical settings, with incorrect identification of black suspects by white witnesses constituting 40% of criminal exonerations investigated by the Innocence Project. Although authors have offered several explanations for the OGB in face recognition, there is little consensus, apart from the acknowledgement that the bias must reflect perceptual learning history. One matter that is not currently clear is whether the bias occurs at encoding, or at retrieval from memory. We report an experiment designed to tease out bias at encoding, versus bias at retrieval. Black and white South African participants encoded 16 target faces of both the same and other race and gender, and attempted immediately afterward to match the target faces to members of photograph arrays that either contained or did not contain the targets. After a further delay, they attempted to identify the faces they had encoded from memory. Results showed a strong crossover OGB in the delayed matching task, but an asymmetrical OGB at retrieval (only white participants showed the OGB). Further investigation of recognition performance, considering only images correctly matched in the delayed matching task, showed a narrowly non-significant OGB at retrieval, but the investigation was likely not sufficiently powered to discover the effect, if it exists.","PeriodicalId":21928,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48410054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advancing ecosystem accounting in estuaries: Swartkops Estuary case study 推进河口生态系统核算：Swartkops河口案例研究

IF 2.4 4区综合性期刊

South African Journal of Science Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.17159/sajs.2023/14303

S. Taljaard, L. van Niekerk, J. Adams, T. Riddin

{"title":"Advancing ecosystem accounting in estuaries: Swartkops Estuary case study","authors":"S. Taljaard, L. van Niekerk, J. Adams, T. Riddin","doi":"10.17159/sajs.2023/14303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2023/14303","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid degradation of ecosystems and loss of ecosystem services have sparked interest in developing approaches to report and integrate such change with socio-economic information systems, such as the System of National Accounts. Here we describe an approach and application of ecosystem accounting for individual estuaries, building on approaches previously applied at national and bay levels. Using the Swartkops Estuary as a case study, the focus is on physical accounts for ecosystem extent and condition, as well as accounts for two important ecosystem services (carbon sequestration and recreational use). Pressure accounts are also introduced to demonstrate the value of identifying key areas for management and restoration interventions in response to changes in extent and/or condition accounts. Greater resolution in these account reports, achieved through zoning, provides spatially explicit information on ecosystem assets and their services within an estuary to also inform management decision-making at local level. Further, these accounts can also inform local restoration prioritisation, in support of the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration (2021–2030), for example offsetting irreversibly degraded areas in one zone with restoration or maintenance of similar habitats in another.","PeriodicalId":21928,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47778931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Musings on mentorship 对师徒关系的思考

IF 2.4 4区综合性期刊

South African Journal of Science Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.17159/sajs.2023/15483

M. Wingfield, B. Wingfield

引用次数: 0

The year that was 2022: Looking back and looking ahead 这是2022年:回顾过去，展望未来

IF 2.4 4区综合性期刊

South African Journal of Science Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.17159/sajs.2023/15803

L. Swartz, Linda Fick, Na Grobler, Henriette Wagener

引用次数: 0

The sustainable use of wild species benefits biodiversity and human well-being in South Africa 野生物种的可持续利用有利于南非的生物多样性和人类福祉

IF 2.4 4区综合性期刊

South African Journal of Science Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.17159/sajs.2023/15739

Penelope J. Mograbi, E. Archer, C. Fabricius, R. Wynberg, J. Donaldson

引用次数: 1

What’s in a face? Introducing the special section on Face Science. 脸是什么?介绍面部科学的特别部分。

IF 2.4 4区综合性期刊

South African Journal of Science Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.17159/sajs.2023/15663

C. Tredoux, Alicia Nortje

引用次数: 0

Learning from COVID-19: A social science perspective on pandemic medicine. Comments on Benatar (S Afr J Sci. 2022;118(11/12)) 从COVID-19中学习:大流行医学的社会科学视角。评贝纳塔尔(S Afr J Sci. 2022;118(11/12))

IF 2.4 4区综合性期刊

South African Journal of Science Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.17159/sajs.2023/15485

J. Jansen

引用次数: 0

Climate change, global health and the post-COVID world. Comments on Benatar (S Afr J Sci. 2022;118(11/12)) 气候变化、全球健康和新冠肺炎疫情后的世界。对Benatar的评论（《南非科学杂志》2022；118（11/12））

IF 2.4 4区综合性期刊

South African Journal of Science Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.17159/sajs.2023/15658

R. Mash

引用次数: 0

Non-linear effects of stress on eyewitness memory 压力对目击者记忆的非线性影响

IF 2.4 4区综合性期刊

South African Journal of Science Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.17159/sajs.2023/12102

Milton Gering, T. Johnson, C. Tredoux

{"title":"Non-linear effects of stress on eyewitness memory","authors":"Milton Gering, T. Johnson, C. Tredoux","doi":"10.17159/sajs.2023/12102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2023/12102","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of stress on face identification is not yet clear, with recent experiments finding positive, negative and null results. Here we report the results of two experiments examining the effect of stress on eyewitness performance in line-up face recognition tasks. Both experiments use a stress manipulation and live mock crime paradigm to examine the relationship between stress at encoding and subsequent line-up performance. Experiment 1 replicated an experiment by Sauerland et al. (Behav Sci Law. 2016;34(4):580–594) which induced stress using the Maastricht Acute Stress Test. The replication found the same null result as the original experiment. Experiment 2 aimed to address a limitation of many laboratory experiments which dichotomise stress into low and high groups for comparison. As the Yerkes-Dodson law (1908) suggests that a non-linear relationship exists between stress and performance, it was hypothesised that using a low, medium and high stress manipulation might show clearer results than a dichotomous paradigm. The results of Experiment 2 show a non-linear relationship, with no difference between the low and high stress groups but better performance by the middle stress group. The results suggest that a different approach is required in experiments on stress and face recognition, as the stress–performance relationship is likely non-linear.","PeriodicalId":21928,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48437599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0