Advances in Politics and Economics最新文献_第9页

On the Four Eras of the Use of the Ocean by Mankind 论人类利用海洋的四个时代

Advances in Politics and Economics Pub Date : 2021-03-22 DOI: 10.22158/APE.V4N2P1

Keren Sun

{"title":"On the Four Eras of the Use of the Ocean by Mankind","authors":"Keren Sun","doi":"10.22158/APE.V4N2P1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/APE.V4N2P1","url":null,"abstract":"This paper takes the relationship between humans and the ocean as the object of analysis, from the perspective of human use of the ocean, four era theories on the relationship between humans and the ocean are proposed, i.e., in the first era, the ocean is a geographic barrier for mankind; in the second era, the ocean is a road for human transportation; in the third era, the ocean is a granary for mankind; in the fourth era, the ocean is a treasure house of mankind’s natural resources. Viewing from the last three eras, we can know that the ocean plays an important role in promoting the creation, production, and accumulation of human wealth. This paper argues the four-era theory of the relationship between humans and the ocean, also get the following conclusion: every era has the most significant feature of this era. This most significant feature function is the most important, largest, latest, and trendy contribution of the oceans to humans in this era; the four-era theory of the relationship between humans and the ocean also shows the continuous improvement process of human influence and utilization of the oceans; the continuous improvement of human influence and utilization of the ocean is realized by improvement of science and technology; the ability of humans to influence and utilize the oceans in the second era surpassed the first era is due to advances in shipbuilding technology and navigation technology; humans’ ability to influence and utilize the ocean in the third era surpassed the second era due to advances in biotechnology; and the ability of humans to influence and utilize the ocean in the fourth era surpassed the third era due to the advancement and application of all-round science and technology; Historically, once a country has maritime hegemony, this country would become wealthy, powerful, and the leaders of maritime civilization.","PeriodicalId":219226,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Politics and Economics","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130085153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Looking Beyond a Nuclear-Armed Iran: The Major Implications of Nuclear Iran for the Middle East 超越核武装的伊朗:核伊朗对中东的主要影响

Advances in Politics and Economics Pub Date : 2021-01-11 DOI: 10.22158/ape.v5n1p50

Sayed Reza Hussaini

{"title":"Looking Beyond a Nuclear-Armed Iran: The Major Implications of Nuclear Iran for the Middle East","authors":"Sayed Reza Hussaini","doi":"10.22158/ape.v5n1p50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/ape.v5n1p50","url":null,"abstract":"Iran has pursued nuclear weapons for over four decades. The basic reasons for this quest have remained unchanged in the face of the most crippling sanctions. Almost three and a half years after Trump’s withdrawal from the Iran Nuclear Pact (JCPOA), Tehran officially announced that it has enriched uranium up to 60%, very close to the 90% suitable for nuclear weapons. Iran is highly likely to be the world’s next nuclear state. A nuclear-armed Iran will be emboldened to accelerate its aggressive activities in the region and act against its neighbors with little fear of retribution. Moreover, Iran’s network of proxies would adopt a more confrontational approach towards Israel. Besides, Iran’s politics of threat can have serious socioeconomic consequences for Israel.Iran’s possession of nuclear weapons could arguably set off a cascade effect, encouraging other major regional powers to move in the same direction. The West, particularly the United States, would seek to offset this risk by providing a “defenceumbrella”. HhhhjkhggHowever, some might be reluctant to be openly protected by the United Statesor would find the umbrella questionable and choose nuclear option for both security concerns and prestige.","PeriodicalId":219226,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Politics and Economics","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117329996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Reckless Mind: Intellectuals in Politics, by Mark Lilla 《鲁莽的头脑:政治中的知识分子》，马克·里拉著

Advances in Politics and Economics Pub Date : 2019-08-30 DOI: 10.22158/ape.v2n3p266

J. Silveira

引用次数: 0

The Military Expenditures of the NATO Members 北约成员国的军事开支

Advances in Politics and Economics Pub Date : 2019-08-23 DOI: 10.22158/APE.V2N3P250

Herman Matthijs

引用次数: 0

The Role of Ignorance about Keynes’s Inexact, Approximation Approach to Measurement in the A Treatise on Probability in the Keynes-Tinbergen Exchanges of 1938-1940 in the Economic Journal 《经济学杂志》上的《1938-1940年凯恩斯-丁伯根交换中的概率论》中对凯恩斯的不精确、近似方法的无知在测量中的作用

Advances in Politics and Economics Pub Date : 2019-08-19 DOI: 10.22158/APE.V2N3P229

M. E. Brady

{"title":"The Role of Ignorance about Keynes’s Inexact, Approximation Approach to Measurement in the A Treatise on Probability in the Keynes-Tinbergen Exchanges of 1938-1940 in the Economic Journal","authors":"M. E. Brady","doi":"10.22158/APE.V2N3P229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/APE.V2N3P229","url":null,"abstract":"J.Tinbergen and J. M. Keynes held diametrically opposed positions on measurement. Tinbergen’s physics background led him to deploy an exact approach to measurement based on the specification of probability distributions, like the normal and log normal, with exact and precisely probabilities that were linear, additive and definite. All probabilities for Tinbergen were assumed to be well defined, precise, exact, determinate, definite, additive, linear, independent single number answers, whether the field was physics or economics. Keynes’s approach was an inexact one. Probabilities for Keynes were, with a few exceptions, partially defined, imprecise, inexact, indefinite, indeterminate ,non additive, non linear, and dependent. Probability estimates for Keynes required two numbers to specify the probability within a lower and upper bound (limit), and not one single number like Tinbergen’s approach. Keynes called this approach Approximation. Keynesian probabilities are interval valued.The problem, from Keynes’s perspective, was that Tinbergen was trying to apply to economic data techniques which were only sound when applied in physics ,where laboratory controlled environments with detailed experimental design could generate data and replicate/duplicate the experiments. Keynes had always argued that economics was not a physical or life science like physics, engineering, biology or chemistry and that it could never be like physics.","PeriodicalId":219226,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Politics and Economics","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114158103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Finance and Political Participation 财政和政治参与

Advances in Politics and Economics Pub Date : 2019-07-19 DOI: 10.22158/APE.V2N3P224

Peter Bearse

引用次数: 0

Latvian Digital Diplomacy—Approaches and Policy 拉脱维亚数字外交——方法和政策

Advances in Politics and Economics Pub Date : 2019-07-19 DOI: 10.22158/APE.V2N3P212

S. Savickis

{"title":"Latvian Digital Diplomacy—Approaches and Policy","authors":"S. Savickis","doi":"10.22158/APE.V2N3P212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/APE.V2N3P212","url":null,"abstract":"Changing the habits of information consumption and the presence of digital communication in society necessitates also the national diplomatic services to adapt to the new challenges and use of digital communication channels. The aim of the study is to find out the development of the implementation of digital diplomacy tools in the diplomatic service of Latvia and the influence of institutional factors in the mentioned processes.Study of publicly available documents regulating the communications process were carried out and direct interviews with the management of the MFA Communication Directorate were executed.According to the study findings, digital diplomacy is regulated by the general procedures of public administration as well as the MFA Communication Strategy, which establishes the general principles of communication and relationship building with stakeholders.MFA is aware of the importance of digital diplomacy and the need to develop this direction, but more exigent activity is limited because of other diplomatic service priorities. The limited institutional capacity and the available financial and human resources limit the implementation of these processes in a short time period, thus possibly losing the competition to the countries with similar historical, political and socio-economic level of development in the battlefield of public diplomacy.","PeriodicalId":219226,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Politics and Economics","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131785882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Participation and Inequality 参与与不平等

Advances in Politics and Economics Pub Date : 2019-06-03 DOI: 10.22158/APE.V2N3P181

Peter Bearse

引用次数: 0

Modern Democracy and Traditional Bantu Governance: Towards an Alternative Policy 现代民主与传统班图治理:走向另一种政策

Advances in Politics and Economics Pub Date : 2019-05-09 DOI: 10.22158/APE.V2N2P166

Claver Boundja

引用次数: 2

Is Participatory Budgeting Understood Enough by Citizens in Terms of Being Reachable for Them? 参与式预算是否为公民所充分理解?

Advances in Politics and Economics Pub Date : 2019-05-07 DOI: 10.22158/APE.V2N2P157

Saniela Xhaferi, Blerina Dhrami

{"title":"Is Participatory Budgeting Understood Enough by Citizens in Terms of Being Reachable for Them?","authors":"Saniela Xhaferi, Blerina Dhrami","doi":"10.22158/APE.V2N2P157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22158/APE.V2N2P157","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses mainly on participatory budgeting issues, citizen budget education; informing citizens about public investments/projects; community needs; employee performance; the quality of public services provided. The above issues, and especially the relationship between local leaders and citizens, are a good indicator to assess how local governance and citizens are moving in the same direction and to what extent is this inverse fulfillment of expectation. This relationship is expressed in terms of an unclear and incomplete perception of the ratio between what citizens pay in the form of local taxes and public services provided by the Municipality. This fact, mainly related to the expectations of citizens from local government for the use/management of the local budget, highlights the gap between the two parties involved in this process. It is evident the lack of a budgetary education from citizens and the need to orient and clarify citizens on this process, the importance it has for direct involvement of citizens and prioritization of community needs. The article concludes: in order to bring local government closer to citizens and the community, aiming at maximizing the fulfillment of the principle of “subsidiary” of local self-government, the Participatory Budgeting process should be done more inclusive and accessible to citizens.","PeriodicalId":219226,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Politics and Economics","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120984085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0