South African Journal of Botany最新文献

{"title":"Senescence-associated genes (SAGs) in cotton: Genome-wide identification, phylogenetic, and expression analyses provide insight into their role in development and stress response","authors":"Varsha Singh ,&nbsp;Maninder Singh ,&nbsp;Tikshana Yadav ,&nbsp;Rishi Kumar Verma ,&nbsp;Mamta Yadav ,&nbsp;Vijay Pratap Singh ,&nbsp;Samir V. Sawant ,&nbsp;Surendra Pratap Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.11.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.11.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Senescence-associated genes (<em>SAGs</em>) are identified in <em>Arabidopsis</em> and other plants according to their function. Herein, we identified 23 <em>SAGs</em> containing the senescence domain (PF06911) across four cotton species: <em>G. arboreum</em> (4 <em>GaSAG</em>), <em>G. raimondii</em> (4 <em>GrSAG</em>), <em>G. hirsutum</em> (8 <em>GhSAG</em>), and <em>G. barbadense</em> (7 <em>GbSAG</em>). They were phylogenetically classified into four clades, each with similar motif composition and gene structure. The gene distribution and phylogenetic analysis showed the gain and loss of genes from chromosomes during evolution. Additionally, the <em>GhSAGs</em> (Gh_D12G034100, Gh_A12G040600) are expressed at high levels in tissue and developmental stages, while showing low expression in abiotic stress conditions such as cold, drought, heat, and salt. Gh_A02G203200 and Gh_D08G268900 show high expression in stress conditions. Two <em>GhSAG</em>, Gh_A06G075500 and Gh_D06G073900 are predicted to be localized in cell membranes and show low expression under abiotic stress conditions, developmental stages, and tissues, and high expression under biotic stress. We have identified 73 <em>cis-</em>regulatory elements out of which 43 <em>cis</em>-regulatory elements in GhSAGs that belong to different functional categories, viz. Growth and conditional responses, biotic and abiotic stresses, hormonal responses, and other regulatory pathways. AlphaFold's 3-D model of the SAG domain shows that one face has a more positive charge and the other has a more negative charge. The functional enrichment and protein-protein interactions of <em>GhSAG</em> genes reveal their roles in protein transport and stress response processes. The qRT-PCR analysis of selected five <em>GhSAG</em> treated with MeJA, SA, NaCl, and PEG for different time intervals shows that <em>GhSAG</em> expression is relatively downregulated, with unique upregulated expression patterns under SA treatments. Overall, it has been suggested that <em>SAG</em> genes might have a crucial role in tissue functioning, development, and plant survival under stressful conditions. This study will lay the groundwork for future investigations into the detailed function of each gene.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21919,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Botany","volume":"176 ","pages":"Pages 112-128"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Industrial applications, toxicological impact and marketing trends of Moringa oleifera food products, a review","authors":"Tehseen Gull ,&nbsp;Wasif Nouman ,&nbsp;Mark E. Olson","doi":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.11.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.11.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Food fortification entails augmenting essential minerals, vitamins and bioactive compounds in food products to benefit the consumers by fulfilling their nutritional quality and energy requirements. Nutritionists employ synthetic and readily available micronutrients to fortify both staple and non-staple food items, thereby meeting consumers’ nutritional and energy needs. Over the past decade, food scientists have displayed a growing interest in <em>Moringa oleifera</em> for developing edible products and incorporating them as fortifiers. This review article specifically focuses on nutritional quality, phytochemicals, and utilization of moringa leaf powdered extracts in different commercial beverages, bread, yoghurt, and bakery products. The article also delves into clinical evidences and toxicological impacts of moringa consumption, emphasizing its health-promoting effects against celiac disease. Moreover, this comprehensive review provides valuable insights for researchers and professionals in the food industry, guiding their research and development projects in line with recent trends. Moringa leaf powder and extracts play a pivotal role in fortifying food products, such as bread, yoghurt, cookies, brownies, cake, biscuits, and beverages enhancing their nutritional quality, phytochemical content, and shelf life without significantly altering sensory attributes. The consumption of moringa-fortified products may positively impact individuals with celiac disease. Importantly, no reported toxicological effects have emerged from the consumption of these products. However, further studies on toxicological evaluations of moringa powder and extracts, particularly focusing on their impact on individuals with glycaemic, cardiac, and arthritis conditions, are warranted. The existing literature on this aspect is limited, and available data may be controversial due to various trial conditions and experiment handling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21919,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Botany","volume":"176 ","pages":"Pages 141-157"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alleviation of cadmium stress and improved growth performance of periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus L.) by foliar application of zinc oxide nanoparticles","authors":"Muhammad Ahsan ,&nbsp;Emanuele Radicetti ,&nbsp;Roberto Mancinelli ,&nbsp;Hayssam M. Ali ,&nbsp;Adnan Younis ,&nbsp;Mateen Sajid ,&nbsp;Abdul Manan ,&nbsp;Sajjad Ali ,&nbsp;Mohammad Valipour ,&nbsp;Hira Zulfiqar","doi":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.10.057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.10.057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cadmium (Cd) is a nonessential and very toxic element that confines the growth of ornamental plants worldwide. Nanoparticles (NPs) have been used as a novel approach to act as nano-fertilizers and directly alleviate the Cd stress. However, its defensive mechanisms are not well understood in ornamental/medicinal plants, especially <em>Catharanthus roseus</em> (periwinkle). The objectives of the current experiment are intended to examine the impacts of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO<img>NPs; 25 mg l^-1) on the reduction of oxidative stress by enhancing antioxidant activities, physiological improvements, and elemental status in periwinkle plant parts under Cd stress (0.5 mM). The periwinkle plants were transplanted and exposed to Cd stress one week later by soil drenching, whereas, ZnO<img>NPs were applied after 14 days by foliar supplementation. The Cd toxicity significantly reduced the morphological traits, negatively affected the pigments and photosynthetic apparatus, abridged antioxidant enzyme activities, and Cd accrual in periwinkle plants. However, exogenous ZnO<img>NPs supplementation produced elevated plant height, flower numbers, root length, plant fresh and dry biomass, chlorophyll, and carotenoid contents in Cd-stressed plants. Likewise, the ZnO<img>NPs have also regulated the gaseous exchange rates, antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, APX), soluble protein, and free proline contents in Cd-polluted periwinkles. The application of ZnO<img>NPs also considerably reduced the hydrogen peroxide (−25 %) and malondialdehyde (−47 %), activated by Cd stress. Furthermore, the Zn and Cd contents were also elevated and reduced, respectively, in ZnO<img>NPs supplied Cd-stressed plants. The present experiment recommends that the exogenous supplementations of ZnO<img>NPs are a feasible and sustainable strategy for enhancing the growth attributes and reducing the Cd levels in periwinkle plants in metal-hoarded soil conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21919,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Botany","volume":"176 ","pages":"Pages 129-140"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chrysin analysis by QuEChERS modified method and HPLC-DAD, antioxidant potential and in vitro gastrointestinal digestion of Passiflora caerulea","authors":"Carlos Borges Filho ,&nbsp;Magali Kemmerich ,&nbsp;Júnior Mendes Furlan ,&nbsp;Betânia Nascimento dos Santos ,&nbsp;Cassandra de Deus ,&nbsp;Vandré Sonza Pinto ,&nbsp;Caroline Pinto Rangel ,&nbsp;Uashington da Silva Riste ,&nbsp;Adriane Lettnin Roll Feijó ,&nbsp;Mustafa Munir Mustafa Dahleh ,&nbsp;Marina Prigol ,&nbsp;Cristiano Ragagnin de Menezes","doi":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chrysin flavonoid has numerous bioactive effects and is found naturally in <em>Passiflora</em> species<em>.</em> This work aimed to adapt and validate a QuEChERS method (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) followed by analysis by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detector (HPLC-DAD), for quantification of chrysin in leaf, pulp and peel of <em>Passiflora</em> species. Linear range was 0.08–36 mg kg^-1 for leaves and 0.01 to 4 mg kg^-1 for pulp and peel, with determination coefficients (<em>r</em>²) higher to 0.990. Matrix effect was significant only for pulp and peel (≥ +20 %). Accuracy and precision presented adequate results, with recoveries ranging from 73 % to 101 % and RSD ≤ 15 %. Intermediate precision was measured trough RSD, and acceptable result was also obtained (≤ 7 %). The limit of quantification was 0.08 mg kg^-1 for leaves, 0.01 mg kg^-1 for pulp and 0.014 mg kg^-1 for peel. Posteriorly, chrysin content in <em>Passiflora caerulea</em> was evaluated, as well as the <em>in vitro</em> antioxidant potential and <em>in vitro</em> gastrointestinal digestion. The highest levels of chrysin and the best performance in the antioxidant evaluations were found in leaves and green peel. The gastrointestinal digestion was not able to alter the chrysin content and bioaccessibility. In conclusion, this work presented a QuEChERS modified method followed by HPLC-DAD for chrysin analysis in <em>Passiflora</em> species. Also demonstrated that leaves and green peel of <em>Passiflora caerulea</em> may be chrysin source for bioassays, and more details about its chemical composition and application in food or nutraceutical formulations must be evaluated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21919,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Botany","volume":"176 ","pages":"Pages 101-111"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unleashing the impact of Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. Leaf Extract against charcoal rot of Zea mays L.","authors":"Sundus Akhtar ,&nbsp;Ayesha Shafqat ,&nbsp;Abeer Kazmi ,&nbsp;Saira Bano ,&nbsp;Amir Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.11.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.11.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Maize cultivation is crucial for global food security and economic stability. However, it faces challenges from fungal diseases such as those caused by Sporocadaceae fungi. In this study, we investigated the antifungal properties of extracts from three plant species; <em>Moringa oleifera</em> Lam., Ziziphus <em>mauritiana</em> Lam.<em>,</em> and <em>Aloe vera is</em> (L.) <em>Burm.f.</em> Webb. against <em>Macrophomina phaseolina</em>. The extracts were prepared by mixing 20 g of each plant material with 200 ml of distilled water, heated at 60 °C for 15 min, and then diluted to concentrations of 2 %, 4 %, 6 %, 8 %, and 10 %. Antifungal activity was evaluated by measuring mycelial growth inhibition after seven days of incubation at 30 ± 2 °C. <em>Z. mauritiana</em> leaf extract exhibited the highest inhibition rate of up to 95 % compared to other extracts. A pot experiment with eight treatments was conducted, including negative and positive controls, <em>Z. mauritiana</em> leaf extract alone (6 %, 8 %, and 10 %), and <em>Z. mauritiana</em> leaf extract combined with the fungal pathogen. Morphological changes in maize plants were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after 45 days of seed germination, along with growth parameters, physiological traits, and biochemical activities. The positive control showed a significant reduction (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) in maize growth of 70 % to 90 % compared to the negative control. However, soil amendment with 6 % to 8 % <em>Z. mauritiana</em> leaf extract led to significant improvements in plant growth over positive control. Physiological content increased, while biochemical traits decreased with the application of <em>Z. mauritiana</em> leaf extract compared to the positive control. This suggests that <em>Z. mauritiana</em> leaf extract could effectively manage the rot of the maize charcoal. Future field experiments are needed to comprehensively explore the mode of action of the extract in controlling the fungal pathogen.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21919,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Botany","volume":"176 ","pages":"Pages 158-169"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of documented antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties of six selected ethnomedicinal plants, used as a concoction by traditional health practitioners for the management of urinary tract infections, in the region of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa","authors":"Ziphozethu M. Ndlazi ,&nbsp;Nontobeko E. Mvubu ,&nbsp;Brenda Z. De Gama","doi":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.11.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.11.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections across the globe, indicated by significant bacterial growth and presence of microbial pathogens anywhere along the urinary tract with associated symptoms. Due to the alarming global increase of antibiotic-resistant bacteria resulting in antibiotic therapy failures, a need for new ethnobotanical species has redirected research towards assessing locally available medicinal plants and their respective crude extracts which contain novel bioactive derivatives. The World Health Organization (WHO) has rendered traditional medicine as a safe and effective alternative for treating various illnesses and infections based on the scientific evidence that these medicinal plants are scientifically tested for efficacy and adverse side-effects through rigorous research, testing and clinical trials. South African traditional health practitioners (THPs) in the eThekwini Municipality promote the use of <em>Euclea crispa, Curtisia dentata, Manihot esculenta, Bulbine natalensis, Catha edulis</em> and <em>Eucomis bicolor</em> as single preparations with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, wound healing, and immunomodulatory properties in the treatment of various illnesses and together as a traditional concoction towards the treatment of UTIs. Literature reviewed in this article, reflects the presence of triterpenoids, oleanolic acid, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, anthocyanosides, bulbnatalonosides, sterols, homoisoflavonoids, saponins, cyclooxygenases within these ethnomedicinal species and their action against uropathogenic <em>E. coli</em> (UPEC<em>), K. pneumoniae, E. faecalis, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus</em> and <em>C. albicans</em>. Hence these six South African medicinal plants can be considered as strong contenders against microbial-induced UTIs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21919,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Botany","volume":"176 ","pages":"Pages 170-183"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the amalgamation of growing substrates and cultivars for low-cost plantlet multiplication in banana","authors":"Vinay Kumar ,&nbsp;Anshuman Pathak ,&nbsp;Neeharika Kanth ,&nbsp;Arun Kumar ,&nbsp;Gangadhar Nanda ,&nbsp;Pradeep Kumar Vishwakarma ,&nbsp;S.K. Singh ,&nbsp;A.K. Panda","doi":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The cultivated bananas (<em>Musa</em> spp<em>.</em>) have a complex reproductive physiology which favours the vegetative methods of propagation, particularly sucker or tissue culture, as the commercial methods. Propagation of banana through macro-propagation technique can be employed to produce quality planting materials using less inputs. With this background, a scientifically designed investigation was carried out for optimizing composition of growing substrate for low-cost planting material production in banana. This study investigates the efficacy of macro-propagation techniques using different growing substrates and bio-fertilizers for two banana cultivars: ‘Grand Naine, AAA’ and ‘Alpan, AAB’. The experiment was laid out in complete randomized design (CRD) with eight different combinations of growing substrate with five replications. Results showed significant differences in the emergence of primary, secondary and tertiary buds, as well as root development. The treatment comprising sawdust (50 %) and banana fiber waste (50 %) with <em>Trichoderma</em> consistently outperformed others in terms of days taken primary (21.45), secondary (46.91) &amp; tertiary bud emergence (58.99), and maximum number of primary (4.21), secondary (7.16) &amp; tertiary shoots (19.91). Same growing media also recorded minimum days taken for root emergence (17.61 days), maximum number of roots per shoot (161.10), primary roots (24.89), secondary roots (46.32), tertiary roots (89.90) &amp; highest root length (21.88 cm). The cultivar ‘Grand Naine, AAA’ exhibited superior performance across most parameters compared to ‘Alpan, AAB’. Overall, the treatment comprising sawdust (50 %) and banana fiber waste (50 %) with <em>Trichoderma</em> found to be a cost-effective and efficient method for producing high-quality banana planting materials, enhancing banana production and sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21919,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Botany","volume":"176 ","pages":"Pages 87-92"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organic fertilization systems on the vegetative growth and essential oil production of Pelargonium graveolens","authors":"Ludmila Caproni Morais ,&nbsp;Vytória Piscitelli Cavalcanti ,&nbsp;Maysa Mathias Alves Pereira ,&nbsp;Filipe Almendagna Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Otávio Bernardes Machado ,&nbsp;Denilson Ferreira Oliveira ,&nbsp;Geraldo Humberto Silva ,&nbsp;Everlon Cid Rigobelo ,&nbsp;Moacir Pasqual ,&nbsp;Joyce Dória","doi":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.11.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.11.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aromatic plant <em>Pelargonium graveolens</em> L. 'Hérit, known as geranium, presents bioactive compounds of high economic interest. Since the secondary metabolism is affected by several factors such as the cultivation conditions, this work aimed to assess the impact of different fertilization systems on geranium vegetative growth and essential oil content and yield. The treatments were: T1) chemical fertilization (N-P-K); T2) no fertilization; T3) biodynamic fertilization; T4) organic fertilization; T5) biodynamic fertilization + plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB); T6) organic fertilization + PGPB; and T7) organic compost. The application of <em>Azospirillum brasilense</em> (PGPB) had no significant effect on geranium vegetative growth and essential oil production. Essential oil production was not observed in plants treated with chemical (T1) or biodynamic fertilizers (T3 and T5). Plants treated with organic fertilization (T4 and T6) showed greater agronomic development in addition to essential oil content and yield. Consequently, organic fertilization emerges as a promising approach for cultivating <em>P. graveolens</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21919,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Botany","volume":"176 ","pages":"Pages 93-100"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salt stress tolerance strategies vary between different functional groups of plants of native semi-arid species","authors":"Angela Lucena Nascimento de Jesus,&nbsp;Cintia Amando Leite da Silva,&nbsp;Lucas Vinícius Pierre de Andrada,&nbsp;André Luiz Alves de Lima","doi":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.11.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.11.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increase in salinity in dry regions has contributed to the desertification of areas, increasing the need to identify tolerant species. The investigation of functional groups of plants clarifies adaptation strategies; however, in a saline environment, it has not yet been explored. The objective was to investigate how different functional groups of Caatinga plants respond to increased saline stress. Plants of deciduous species with high wood density (HWD) (<em>Myracrodruon urundeuva</em> and <em>Bauhinia cheilantha</em>), and deciduous species with low wood density (LWD) (<em>Amburana cearenses</em> and <em>Pseudobombax marginatum</em>) were evaluated. The saline concentrations (NaCl) were 0.15; 2.5; 3.5 and 4.5 dS m^-1 applied for 90 days. A completely randomized design was adopted in a 2 × 2 × 4 factorial scheme with five replications. At the end of the experiment, growth, stomatal conductance (<em>gs</em>), water potential (Ψ_xylem), chlorophyll fluorescence, salt content and enzymatic activity were analyzed. The data were subjected to polynomial regression analysis and Tukey test (5 %). The HWD group was classified as salinity tolerant and presented high values of <em>gs</em> (300 mmol m^-2s^-1), variation in Ψ_xylem (70 %), efficiency of photosystem II, number of leaves, and accumulation of salts in the leaves (K⁺ = 70 %, Na⁺ = 18 %, and Cl^- = 52.5 %). On the other hand, the LWD group was classified as moderately sensitive to salinity and showed a large reduction in growth and biomass with increased salinity, accumulation of ions in stem (Cl^- = 136 %) and root (Na⁺ = 44 %; Cl^- = 45 %), and higher enzymatic activity (45 %). Tolerance strategies to saline stress differ between different functional groups of Caatinga seedlings. The HWD group is more tolerant to salinity and represents a good alternative for the recovery of salinized areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21919,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Botany","volume":"176 ","pages":"Pages 74-86"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of muscadine genotype on postharvest fruit quality and storability","authors":"Fariborz Habibi,&nbsp;Jeffrey K. Brecht,&nbsp;Ali Sarkhosh","doi":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.11.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sajb.2024.11.025","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The postharvest changes in bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of the whole fruit, peel, and flesh, as well as color, weight and firmness changes, were investigated in six commercial muscadine cultivars (three purple: ‘Alachua’ (AL), ‘Paulk’ (PA), and ‘Supreme’ (SU); and three bronze: ‘Granny Val’ (GV), ‘Hall’ (HA), and ‘Triumph’ (TR) during cold storage at 4 °C for 42 days. Weight loss increased significantly (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05), with SU losing 5.79% and HA losing 8.23% by day 42. Firmness significantly (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05) decreased during cold storage, with SU displaying the higest (164.02 g mm&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;) and HA the lowest (110.75 g mm&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;) by the end of storage. Total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), and their ratio (TSS/TA) showed variations among cultivars and parts of the fruit, with purple cultivars consistently exhibiting higher titratable acidity (TA) compared to bronze cultivars, while bronze cultivars demonstrated higher TSS/TA ratios. TSS ranged from 13.25 to 16.8%, TA from 0.62 to 0.84%, and TSS/TA ratios varied from 20.53 to 41.23 across cultivars (in whole fruit). HA (15.32%) and TR (15.32%) exhibited the highest TSS content, while GV had the lowest TSS at 13.25%. In terms of TA, AL had the highest value at 0.86%, whereas HA (0.46%) and TR (0.51%) recorded the lowest TA. The TSS/TA ratio ranged from 18.31 in AL to 36.85 in HA, representing the lowest and highest ratios, respectively. Color parameters differed between purple and bronze cultivars, with purple cultivars displaying higher &lt;em&gt;a&lt;/em&gt;* (red component), while bronze cultivars had higher &lt;em&gt;L&lt;/em&gt;* and &lt;em&gt;C&lt;/em&gt;* values (lighter and more pure color); the &lt;em&gt;h&lt;/em&gt;° values of the purple and bronze cultivars were also significantly (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05) different, but did not differ within each group. The purple cultivars had higher total anthocyanin concentration (TAC) (8.4–15.31 mg L&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;), total phenolic content (TPC) (92.11–107.01 mg GAE L&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;), and total antioxidant activity (TAA) (150.25–250.05 μmoles L&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;) than the bronze cultivars, and the peel had higher levels of those bioactive compounds than the flesh. AL exhibited the highest TAC at 15.31 mg L&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;, followed by SU (13.01 mg L&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;) and PA (8.4 mg L&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;). In terms of TPC, AL (107.01 mg GAE L&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;) and SU (92.11 mg GAE L&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;) had the highest levels, with PA (74.89 mg GAE L&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;) following. Among the bronze cultivars, TR had the highest TPC (61.41 mg GAE L&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;), while GV exhibited the lowest (35.09 mg GAE L&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;). The TAA of the purple cultivars ranged from around 250 to 134 μmoles L&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; TE in whole fruit, 500 to 319 μmoles L&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; in the peel, and 17 to 10 μmoles L&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; in flesh, while the TAA of the bronze cultivars ranged from about 122 to 56 μmoles L&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; TE in whole fruit, 248 to 120 μmoles L&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; in the peel, and 16 to 10 μ","PeriodicalId":21919,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Botany","volume":"176 ","pages":"Pages 62-73"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}