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Personality and Lifetime Need Frustration: A Person-Centered Perspective on Interpersonal Problems and Personality Pathology 人格与终生需要挫折:以人为中心的人际问题与人格病理学视角
2区 心理学
Social Psychological and Personality Science Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI: 10.1177/19485506231191084
Chris Sciberas, Marc A. Fournier
{"title":"Personality and Lifetime Need Frustration: A Person-Centered Perspective on Interpersonal Problems and Personality Pathology","authors":"Chris Sciberas, Marc A. Fournier","doi":"10.1177/19485506231191084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506231191084","url":null,"abstract":"The current research adopted a person-centered approach to examine whether people’s experiences of lifetime need frustration interact with their personality trait profiles to predict their problems and pathology from the perspectives of both the interpersonal circumplex (IPC) and the five-factor model (FFM). Data ( N = 1,026) were analyzed using multilevel modeling. Consistent with prediction, lifetime need frustration predicted participants’ overall levels of interpersonal distress and personality pathology. Furthermore, levels of lifetime need frustration predicted the strength of the relationship between participants’ trait profiles (i.e., IPC and FFM) and their corresponding profiles of interpersonal problems and personality pathology. Findings from the present study demonstrate how between-person differences in lifetime need frustration give rise to the within-person organization of psychological maladjustment and highlight the importance of people’s traits in predicting their unique maladaptations to having their basic psychological needs frustrated.","PeriodicalId":21853,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological and Personality Science","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136279529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Moral Judgments Are Value-Based Decisions Driven by Culturally Stable Valuations and Culturally Variable Decision Biases 道德判断是一种基于价值的决策，受文化稳定的价值和文化可变的决策偏差的驱动
2区 心理学
Social Psychological and Personality Science Pub Date : 2023-09-25 DOI: 10.1177/19485506231199527
Dale J. Cohen, Philip T. Quinlan, Xingyu Liu
{"title":"Moral Judgments Are Value-Based Decisions Driven by Culturally Stable Valuations and Culturally Variable Decision Biases","authors":"Dale J. Cohen, Philip T. Quinlan, Xingyu Liu","doi":"10.1177/19485506231199527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506231199527","url":null,"abstract":"Many theorize that cultural similarities in moral judgments arise from a specialized cognitive system devoted to morality. We claim, in contrast, that people make moral judgments using a general-purpose, value-based decision-making process. We present a computational cognitive model to predict response time and response choice to moral dilemmas using valuations as input. Cultural similarities in moral judgment are explained by a culturally stable set of valuations that drives choices that aid survival. Corresponding cultural differences are explained by changes in a decisional bias parameter that accounts for differences in the perceived costs of making various kinds of decisional errors. The model accurately predicts the timed choices of both U.K. and Chinese respondents from values collected from U.S. respondents.","PeriodicalId":21853,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological and Personality Science","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135815705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Adults Show Positive Moral Evaluations of Curiosity About Religion 成年人对宗教的好奇心表现出积极的道德评价
2区 心理学
Social Psychological and Personality Science Pub Date : 2023-09-21 DOI: 10.1177/19485506231195915
Cindel J. M. White, Ariel J. Mosley, Larisa Heiphetz Solomon
{"title":"Adults Show Positive Moral Evaluations of Curiosity About Religion","authors":"Cindel J. M. White, Ariel J. Mosley, Larisa Heiphetz Solomon","doi":"10.1177/19485506231195915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506231195915","url":null,"abstract":"Four experiments investigated the perceived virtue of curiosity about religion. Adults from the United States made moral judgments regarding targets who exhibited curiosity, possessed relevant knowledge, or lacked both curiosity and knowledge about religion and comparison topics (e.g., science). Participants attributed greater moral goodness to targets who displayed curiosity compared with targets who were ignorant or knowledgeable about the domain. This preference was consistent across Jewish, Protestant, Catholic, and other Christian participants but was absent when atheists evaluated religious curiosity. Perceptions of effort partially mediated judgments: Participants viewed curious characters as exerting more effort and consequently rated them as more moral. To test causality, we manipulated perceptions of effort and showed that participants viewed curious characters who exerted effort as particularly moral. This work fosters novel insights into the perceived virtue of curiosity and further illuminates similarities and differences between religious and scientific cognition.","PeriodicalId":21853,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological and Personality Science","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136152281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Just Playing the Role of Good Study Participants? Evaluative Conditioning, Demand Compliance, and Agreeableness 仅仅扮演好学习参与者的角色?评价条件、需求遵从性和宜人性
2区 心理学
Social Psychological and Personality Science Pub Date : 2023-09-15 DOI: 10.1177/19485506231198653
Moritz Ingendahl, Johanna Woitzel, Hans Alves
{"title":"Just Playing the Role of Good Study Participants? Evaluative Conditioning, Demand Compliance, and Agreeableness","authors":"Moritz Ingendahl, Johanna Woitzel, Hans Alves","doi":"10.1177/19485506231198653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506231198653","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluative Conditioning (EC) is the change in liking of stimuli due to their co-occurrence with other valenced stimuli. Recent research has shown stronger EC effects for more agreeable individuals. Because EC procedures are prone to demand characteristics, we hypothesized that more agreeable individuals might simply play the role of good study participants and therefore show stronger EC effects. We tested this in two preregistered experiments ( N = 700). In Experiment 1, self-reported Agreeableness and a behavioral measure of Demand Compliance moderated EC. However, Agreeableness and Demand Compliance were uncorrelated, and the moderations were independent. Experiment 2 used an instructional EC paradigm, showing only a moderation by Demand Compliance but not Agreeableness. Our studies imply that although EC effects are related to Demand Compliance, more agreeable participants are not more likely to comply with demand characteristics in EC experiments.","PeriodicalId":21853,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological and Personality Science","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135438138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Do We Know How Happy Strangers Are? Accuracy in Well-Being Judgments at Zero Acquaintance 我们知道陌生人有多快乐吗?零相识时幸福感判断的准确性
2区 心理学
Social Psychological and Personality Science Pub Date : 2023-09-14 DOI: 10.1177/19485506231197844
Hyewon Choi, Ed Diener, Shigehiro Oishi
{"title":"Do We Know How Happy Strangers Are? Accuracy in Well-Being Judgments at Zero Acquaintance","authors":"Hyewon Choi, Ed Diener, Shigehiro Oishi","doi":"10.1177/19485506231197844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506231197844","url":null,"abstract":"We examined the accuracy of well-being judgments by strangers using Brunswik’s lens model. A sample of 200 college students (targets) reported their self-perception of well-being (life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect). The targets were photographed and videotaped during their self-introductions. Various physical, nonverbal, paralinguistic, and linguistic cues were measured or rated by cue coders from the photos and videotaped self-introductions. Strangers evaluated the targets’ well-being based on the videotaped self-introductions. We found significant correlations between self- and strangers’ reports of life satisfaction and positive affect but not negative affect. Loud voice and physical attractiveness mediated the correlation between self- and stranger-reports of life satisfaction. Loud voice mediated the correlation between self- and stranger reports of positive affect. These findings suggest that strangers can accurately evaluate someone’s life satisfaction and positive affect in brief self-introductions, and loud voice and physical attractiveness are the sources of the accurate well-being judgments.","PeriodicalId":21853,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological and Personality Science","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134970224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Partisan Media Sentiment Toward Artificial Intelligence 党派媒体对人工智能的看法
2区 心理学
Social Psychological and Personality Science Pub Date : 2023-09-14 DOI: 10.1177/19485506231196817
Angela Yi, Shreyans Goenka, Mario Pandelaere
{"title":"Partisan Media Sentiment Toward Artificial Intelligence","authors":"Angela Yi, Shreyans Goenka, Mario Pandelaere","doi":"10.1177/19485506231196817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506231196817","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming pervasive across society. However, its deployment appears to be a divisive issue. This research examines aversion to AI across the partisan divide. We analyze partisan media sentiment toward AI, a powerful driver of public opinion toward social issues. We conduct a text analysis of media articles on AI ( N = 7,840) from several liberal-leaning and conservative-leaning media outlets. The results demonstrate that liberal-leaning media show a greater aversion to AI than conservative-leaning media. Furthermore, a mediation analysis suggests that liberal-leaning media are more concerned with AI magnifying social biases in society than conservative-leaning media, which drives the partisan media differences. Moreover, the results also show that media sentiment toward AI became more negative after George Floyd’s death, an event that heightened sensitivity about social biases in society. Implications for how these partisan media differences can polarize public opinion and policymaker support toward AI are discussed.","PeriodicalId":21853,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological and Personality Science","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134970233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Fear of Personal Death and the Willingness to Commit to Organ Donation 对个人死亡的恐惧和承诺器官捐赠的意愿
2区 心理学
Social Psychological and Personality Science Pub Date : 2023-09-12 DOI: 10.1177/19485506231198135
Tehila Kogut, Andrea Pittarello, Paul Slovic
{"title":"The Fear of Personal Death and the Willingness to Commit to Organ Donation","authors":"Tehila Kogut, Andrea Pittarello, Paul Slovic","doi":"10.1177/19485506231198135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506231198135","url":null,"abstract":"In three studies, with samples from different countries (the United States and Israel) and religions (Christians and Jews), we found that individual levels of fear of death significantly predicted lower willingness to register as organ donors (Studies 1 and 2). Moreover, after being asked about their organ donation status (i.e., whether they are registered as donors), fear of death significantly increased among unregistered people. This did not occur among registered people, who had already faced the decision to become donors in the past (Study 2). Finally, providing non-registered (non-religious) people with a defense strategy to manage their fear of death increased their willingness to sign an organ donation commitment, partially by increasing their feelings of hopefulness. The implications of these findings for increasing organ donation registration are discussed.","PeriodicalId":21853,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological and Personality Science","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135826566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Societal Determinants of Happiness and Unhappiness: Evidence From 152 Countries Over 15 Years 幸福与不幸福的社会决定因素:来自152个国家15年的证据
2区 心理学
Social Psychological and Personality Science Pub Date : 2023-09-09 DOI: 10.1177/19485506231197803
Satoshi Araki
{"title":"The Societal Determinants of Happiness and Unhappiness: Evidence From 152 Countries Over 15 Years","authors":"Satoshi Araki","doi":"10.1177/19485506231197803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506231197803","url":null,"abstract":"What makes people (un)happy? From the macro viewpoint, this study investigates the societal determinants of average life satisfaction (LS), the percentage of thriving/suffering people, and positive/negative affect collectively experienced in a society. Using the aggregate-level panel data for 152 economies over 15 years, country-fixed effects regressions reveal (1) the marginal effect of economic growth is likely to be smaller in affluent countries; (2) generosity predicts higher LS and positive affect heterogeneously across macroeconomic standards; (3) social support is substantially linked to both happiness and unhappiness worldwide; (4) freedom of choice predicts the lower risk of suffering and the higher chances of thriving and positive affect, especially in advanced economies; (5) longer healthy life expectancy is associated with the higher frequency of encountering negative affect; and (6) corruption negatively predicts happiness, particularly in the richest country group. These findings advance the socioeconomics of (un)happiness and relevant policy toward human flourishing.","PeriodicalId":21853,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological and Personality Science","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136192691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Great Divide: Neither Fairness Nor Kindness Eliminates Moral Derogation of People With Opposing Political Beliefs 巨大的鸿沟:既不公平也不仁慈消除了政治信仰不同的人的道德贬损
2区 心理学
Social Psychological and Personality Science Pub Date : 2023-09-08 DOI: 10.1177/19485506231194279
Phillip P. McGarry, Garriy Shteynberg, Timothy L. Hulsey, Andrew S. Heim
{"title":"The Great Divide: Neither Fairness Nor Kindness Eliminates Moral Derogation of People With Opposing Political Beliefs","authors":"Phillip P. McGarry, Garriy Shteynberg, Timothy L. Hulsey, Andrew S. Heim","doi":"10.1177/19485506231194279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506231194279","url":null,"abstract":"People increasingly view those with opposing political beliefs as less moral than those with shared political beliefs. Across two experiments, using a U.S. undergraduate sample ( n = 1,070) and a U.S. resident online sample through Prolific ( n = 402), we employed the Ultimatum Game (UG) to investigate whether acts of fairness, or even kindness, by persons with out-party political beliefs would mitigate moral derogation toward them. In neither experiment, did fairness or kindness by persons with opposite political beliefs moderate moral derogation. More extreme partisans engaged in even greater moral derogation of out-party (versus in-party) individuals, regardless of their acts of fairness or kindness. However, even self-identified moderate partisans engage in out-party moral derogation. The implications of these findings for political discourse and resolution for political conflict are discussed.","PeriodicalId":21853,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological and Personality Science","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136299920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Patience Predicts Attitudes Toward Vaccination and Uptake of Vaccines 耐心预测对疫苗接种的态度和疫苗的吸收
IF 5.7 2区 心理学
Social Psychological and Personality Science Pub Date : 2023-09-02 DOI: 10.1177/19485506231189905
H. F. Chan, Stephanie M. Rizio, Ahmed Skali, B. Torgler
{"title":"Patience Predicts Attitudes Toward Vaccination and Uptake of Vaccines","authors":"H. F. Chan, Stephanie M. Rizio, Ahmed Skali, B. Torgler","doi":"10.1177/19485506231189905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19485506231189905","url":null,"abstract":"Vaccination is a pressing public health issue. We hypothesize that impatience (discounting future benefits of current actions) leads to lower vaccination rates and worse attitudes toward vaccines. In preregistered individual-level Study 1 ( N = 2,614), we document a positive and quantitatively small association (standardized coefficient = 0.06) between patience and attitudes toward vaccines. In Study 2 ( N = 76), national-level patience accounts for 21% of the global variation in COVID-19 vaccinations; patience’s effect is small-to-moderate (standardized coefficient = 0.19). In duration models (Study 3; 4,180 ≤ N≤ 9,973), more patient countries more quickly reach high COVID-19 vaccination thresholds. The results generalize beyond COVID-19: Patience among European subnational regions predicts better attitudes toward vaccination against the 2009 swine influenza (Study 4: Nregions = 138; Ncountries = 17). Finally (Study 5, N = 75), our results are not specific to pandemics: National patience explains the global variation in infant vaccinations.","PeriodicalId":21853,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological and Personality Science","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83137908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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