Sociology and anthropology最新文献

{"title":"The Socioeconomic Effects of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on Jordanian Households","authors":"Basem Al Atom","doi":"10.13189/SA.2021.090101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/SA.2021.090101","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the attitudes of Jordanian households towards the COVID-19 crisis with special attention given to the actual and anticipated effects of the pandemic on livelihoods at the following levels: household income, financial coping mechanisms, financial capabilities to withstand periods of curfew implementation, access to electronic assets/internet, rise in food prices during curfew, access to health, potable water, ability to meet essential needs, social security enrollment statues, additional livelihood streams, variations in income pre- and post-curfew, changes in employment/income status, disabilities within households, number of household members, educational attainment levels, demographics including nationality, place of residence, relationship status, age and sex. This article thus provides concrete data in a manner that can be useful for government and development institutions in responding to the needs of Jordanian households in both the short and long terms. Main findings include increased unemployment rates which have an exacerbating effect on already dire economic situations. This is particularly the case among large families, some of which consist of live-in extended family members who are persons with disabilities and in need of regular medical attention normally available in non-pandemic conditions. Findings also illustrate an increased fear of forced eviction (a clear protection concern) among survey participants, in addition to a lack of access to essential items. These concerns, moreover, are accompanied by narrowing access to basic rights such as health and education. Thus, a key recommendation for further research is analysis of health sector adaptability and educational retention rates among Jordanian students in light of a potentially extensive pandemic situation.","PeriodicalId":21798,"journal":{"name":"Sociology and anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84267897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive Livelihood Strategies among Households after the Closure of Fluorspar Mining Company in Keiyo South Sub-County, Elgeyo Marakwet County, Kenya","authors":"Finson Bargoria, F. Barasa, Paul Sutter Chebet","doi":"10.13189/SA.2020.080602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/SA.2020.080602","url":null,"abstract":"The establishment and existence of the Fluorspar Mining Company created direct and indirect employment opportunities for the local population. However, the closure of mining activities within the mining area may have led to social and economic challenges for the local communities. These were widespread unemployment, poor nutrition, high crime rates and increased dependency. The study objective was to analyze the livelihood strategies among households in Keiyo South Sub-county Elgeyo Marakwet County Kenya. The study was informed by the theory of Redefinition of situation. Survey research design guided the study. The target population was all the households’ heads in the study area. The sample size was 254 respondents. A multistage sampling technique was used. Data collection methods included questionnaires, interviews, and observation and focus group discussions as the main data collection tools. Quantitative data collected was analyzed in form of frequencies and percentages and presented in form of matrix tables, charts and graphs. On the other hand, qualitative data was analyzed thematically based on the specific research objectives. The results of the study show that mining is a major propellant of economic activities in most mining areas by creating wealth, providing jobs and stimulating business ventures for community members. Further, closure of the company acted as a major economic setback to the community as a whole. The study findings also show that majority 91 (44.4%) of respondents earned an income of 4001-8000ksh while minority 7 (3.4%) earned an income of between 0-500kshs. The average income per month after closure was too low since their main source of income was lost leaving them in despair. Communities and mineworkers should be involved in planning for company closure and all other matters that affect their livelihoods. \u0000How to cite this article: Bargoria FK, Barasa F, Chebet PS. Adaptive Livelihood Strategies Among Households After the Closure of Fluorspar Mining Company in Keiyo South Sub-County, Elgeyo Marakwet County, Kenya. J Adv Res Humani Social Sci 2020; 7(2): 1-8.","PeriodicalId":21798,"journal":{"name":"Sociology and anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86713346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resiliency Factors: An Exploration of Slovenia and US Women in Higher Education","authors":"Vita L. Jones, Dawn R. Person, C. Leyva","doi":"10.13189/sa.2020.080601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/sa.2020.080601","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines factors influencing resilience in United States (US) university women of color and their Slovenian counterparts. Several US professors were invited to Slovenia to present each country's vision for success for women in higher education. In preparation for the conference, two US professors took an investigative approach to draw parallels between the US women of color and the Slovenian students. A systematic analysis of review of literature on Slovenian women was employed to examine the resilience factor for women in higher education. The findings identified three challenges Slovenian women face that included: a) limited support from family members; b) balancing school, work and family; and c) time management. Nine US women of color who were part of a southern California university learning community were also studied using a questionnaire, critical incident review, and interviews to examine the obstacles to educational attainment. Four themes emerged: a) group member conflicts; b) poor communication; c) work-life balance; and d) living away from home. The findings of the studies indicated that living up to expectations, advocating for oneself, recommitting to degree completion, practicing self-care, relinquishing perfectionism, incorporating personal responsibility, and asking for help were resiliency factors contributing to successful degree completion. This article offers insights into the resiliency factors that contribute to women's academic success and upward mobility.","PeriodicalId":21798,"journal":{"name":"Sociology and anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89359914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial Equity and High Speed Trains: The Example of France","authors":"D. Bouf, C. Desmaris","doi":"10.13189/SA.2020.080501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/SA.2020.080501","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is aiming at qualifying the high speed trains in operation in France, with regards to spatial equity. To that end we begin by examining some of the various concepts enclosed in this polysemic word. Increased accessibility was one objective of the development of high speed rail. Thus we estimate a simple model to measure the possible effect of high speed rail on French regions. We did find a positive effect on GDP per capita and demographic growth. In a sense this is because they are growth-promoting that High speed lines are unfair. Beyond that, the pricing system set up by the train operator is based on yield management and intermodal competition. This results in a peculiar and singularly unfair pricing structure.","PeriodicalId":21798,"journal":{"name":"Sociology and anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78739073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Governance and Human Security: How can Nigeria Go Beyond the Rhetoric?","authors":"D. Yagboyaju, A. T. Okoosi-Simbine","doi":"10.13189/sa.2020.080502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/sa.2020.080502","url":null,"abstract":"The paper analyzes health – related and poverty issues as critical components of governance and human security in Nigeria. There have been studies in these areas, but there are still gaps in view of the increasing poverty levels coupled with the recurrence of common ailments such as malaria and several that are connected to poor hygiene and sanitary conditions. Other identifiable diseases include Ebola, Lassa Fever, and the Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19), the latter with global devastating effects from December 2019. Data is drawn from secondary materials for the conceptual and theoretical sections of the paper. This is complemented by primary data from events analyses and content analyses of reports, including the United Nations (UN) Human Development Index (HDI), Legatum Prosperity Index, Mo Ibrahim Index of African Governance (IIAG), and the Transparency International (TI) Corruption Perception Index (CPI), for 2010-2018. The paper’s analytic frame draws strength from a combination of the institutional approach and the state fragility perspective. The main finding in the paper is located in the ineffectiveness and poor governance arising from the lack of autonomy of the institutions responsible for health services and poverty reduction in Nigeria and, in particular, the pursuit of vested and private interests by public officials. Recommendations are made in line with examples of best practices deployed for illustration in the","PeriodicalId":21798,"journal":{"name":"Sociology and anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87253235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resettled Minority Refugees' Dilemma: Assimilate or Integrate?","authors":"Rubayat Jesmin","doi":"10.13189/sa.2020.080402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/sa.2020.080402","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing number of refugees across the world has entailed reinforced attention to this disadvantaged group, particularly on their lives after displacement. Although assimilation theories focus on how migrants navigate within a new society, the acculturation process itself has remained somewhat distinct and challenging for refugees among the broader migrant group due to their inherent specificities. This study aimed to explore if and how the generational aspect and social capital in the form of ethnic social connection help refugees to navigate racial inequalities and hegemony during the resettlement process. The situation may be more complex and multi-faceted for minority refugees and can shape their perspectives and aspirations regarding acculturation – to be integrated or assimilated - differently. This ethnographic study with a second-generation Muslim refugee couple found a dichotomy among the second generation of Muslim refugees: educated ones with higher social capital tend to integrate, while less-educated ones with low or no social capital tend to be marginalized. These findings' conformity to the segmented assimilation theory may be due to the characteristics of target participants. More researches are recommended to have a comprehensive understanding of the emerging issues with refugees, with a special focus on minority refugees, in a host country.","PeriodicalId":21798,"journal":{"name":"Sociology and anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74797706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Between Law and Legitimacy, between Local and Global: A New Case of Urban Collective Identity","authors":"G. Olsson, Monique Falcão","doi":"10.13189/sa.2020.080403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/sa.2020.080403","url":null,"abstract":"Morro Azul is a poor community placed in a very rich area of Rio de Janeiro. Since 1950, when this community started to grow, it fights against the government and the real Market. While part of the State and Market try to remove or reduce the physic area of the community, it fights in a very independent way to stay, to grow and to legitimate itself as a local social and economic actor. From 90ths Morro Azul has improved its independency and legitimacy strategies. In parallel to the local government’s aim to transform Rio de Janeiro in a global city, Morro Azul started to look for international recognition and investments, exploring its privileged physic location in a touristic area of Rio de Janeiro. Between (il)legality and (il)legitimacy, Morro Azul, government and formal Market fight for international investments. To reach this status, Morro Azul created international sports arenas, touristic services, cultural events and what they call “popular economy” or “solidarity economy”. The singularity of this community gets deeper because of its peculiar collective identity. At a first look, it has no ethnical identity characteristics, neither a strong criminal remark. This work intends to describe this new collective identity as a foundation to keep the land. In addition to this, this work intends to identify how international investments shaped its identity and the fight for the territory in a city intending to be global.","PeriodicalId":21798,"journal":{"name":"Sociology and anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78312298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Displaced Persons in North-Eastern Nigeria: Causes, Effects and the Role of Social Workers","authors":"A. Surajo, A. Umar, Jamilu Musa, Mohammed Jamilu Haruna","doi":"10.13189/sa.2020.080301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/sa.2020.080301","url":null,"abstract":"The displacement of people within their own countries is currently a common international and national phenomenon. Migration of internally displaced persons in the north-eastern part of Nigeria is caused by internal armed conflict, particularly caused by the Boko Haram insurgency. The internally displaced people are living in highly vulnerable conditions. They suffer discriminations, faced emotional trauma, experience significant deprivation and impoverishment. The paper focuses on the role of the social workers in assisting the internally displaced persons of the northeast who are ravaged by the operation of insurgents. The present study aims at examining the causes and effects of the displacement of persons in the study area. A mixed method of data was employed. Therefore, two hypotheses and four research questions were formulated to guide the study. A total of 278 respondents was utilised for the study and stratified random sampling was used to select the respondents. In addition to that, six respondents were engaged in an interview and purposive sampling was used to select the interviewers. The instruments used in the study are self designed questionnaire tagged the Internally Displaced Persons Questionnaire (IDPQ) and the interview protocol. The questionnaire has a reliability coefficient of 0.82. The t-test at 0.05 level of significance was used in testing the null hypotheses. While thematic analyses were used for the interview. The findings of the study show that there is no significant difference in the manner of people's displacement due to Boko Haram insurgency. However, there is a significant relationship between internally displaced persons and their vulnerability. Similarly, the result revealed that injustice, security lapses, weak and inefficient governance, illiteracy as well as unemployment are the causes of the displacement. Consequently, the effects of the displacement include lack of peace and stability, family disintegration, alienation, loss of economic opportunities, breakdown of cultural identity, loosening of social and family structure, interruption of children's schooling and increased poverty.","PeriodicalId":21798,"journal":{"name":"Sociology and anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78201598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Migration to the Republic of Slovenia as \"A First Step\" into the European Union","authors":"L. Brožič","doi":"10.13189/sa.2020.080303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/sa.2020.080303","url":null,"abstract":"As a member of the European Union during the European migrant crisis in 2015, the Republic of Slovenia found itself in a crisis situation as a small transit country through which many thousands of migrants travelled. Although it had already experienced with migration, as a result of the wars in the Balkans, in 2015 it was extreme. The nation integrated all its capabilities, including the armed forces, with the support of other member states. As Slovenia is one of the first countries of entry into the Schengen area, there is a growing trend in the country for various forms of migration, including economic and illegal, as well as refugees looking to Slovenia for asylum. Increasing migration for a small country poses a major security challenge. This article focuses on a small country as a member state of the European Union, which urgently needs change and a broader political and security framework to cope with increasing migration demands. It needs more input from the European Union in the future.","PeriodicalId":21798,"journal":{"name":"Sociology and anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78464663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Origin of Art: An Approximation through Archaeological Evidences","authors":"Araceli Giménez Lorente","doi":"10.13189/sa.2020.080304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13189/sa.2020.080304","url":null,"abstract":"A poetic idea is proposed, the origin of “aesthesis” is our origin. Art in its double side, as an ‘object’ and as a ‘work’, is as old as our human species. We could even say that it is the heritage of hominids, for each hominid species which were born in this planet with an antiquity known to be three million years old till our days. This implies hominid species discussed above, like Australopithecus africanus, Homo erectus, Homo heidelbergensis, Homo antecessor, Homo Neanderthal, and Cro-Magnon. In order to analyze the evolution of art from a new perspective, with archaeological evidence, the main methodology used is the observation and analysis of archaeological evidence, experimentation demonstrates the results. The most important result is the creation cladogram, in addition to an aesthetic theory, is a guide to classify archaeological evidence. Experimentation on archeology of fire values the Paleolithic civilization. All the archaeological evidence presented in this study will conclude that the first need as a species is aesthetics, and by evolution the art, and that the link is intrinsic to our human species. The main contribution to the field is a new perspective that links the evolution of our species with the origin and development of art. The novelty of this study is the multidisciplinary approach that includes the fields of aesthetics, cultural anthropology, archeology and the fine arts. The convergence of these disciplines concludes that art is intrinsic to the human species.","PeriodicalId":21798,"journal":{"name":"Sociology and anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88840946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}