Skin Pharmacology and Physiology最新文献

{"title":"In vitro and in vivo Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma-Based Autologous Topical Serum on Cutaneous Wound Healing.","authors":"Eduardo Anitua,&nbsp;Victoria Muñoz,&nbsp;Libe Aspe,&nbsp;Roberto Tierno,&nbsp;Adrian García-Salvador,&nbsp;Felipe Goñi-de-Cerio,&nbsp;Ander Pino","doi":"10.1159/000517195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000517195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Skin injury and wound healing is an inevitable event during lifetime. However, several complications may hamper the regeneration of the cutaneous tissue and lead to a chronic profile that prolongs patient recovery. Platelet-rich plasma is rising as an effective and safe alternative to the management of wounds. However, this technology presents some limitations such as the need for repeated blood extractions and health-care interventions.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to assess the use of an endogenous and storable topical serum (ES) derived from plasma rich in growth factors promoting wound healing, and to obtain preliminary data regarding its clinical and experimental effect over ulcerated skin models and patient care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Human dermal fibroblast and 3D organotypic ulcerated skin models were used to assess ES over the main mechanisms of wound healing including cell migration, edge contraction, collagen synthesis, tissue damage, extracellular matrix remodeling, cell death, metabolic activity, and histomorphometry analysis. Additionally, 4 patients suffering from skin wounds were treated and clinically assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ES promoted dermal fibroblast migration, wound edge contraction, and collagen synthesis. When topically applied, ES increased collagen and elastin deposition and reduced tissue damage. The interstitial edema, structural integrity, and cell activity were also maintained, and apoptotic levels were reduced. Patients suffering from hard-to-heal wounds of different etiologies were treated with ES, and the ulcers healed completely within few weeks with no reported adverse events.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This preliminary study suggests that ES might promote cutaneous wound healing and may be useful for accelerating the re-epithelization of skin ulcers.</p>","PeriodicalId":21748,"journal":{"name":"Skin Pharmacology and Physiology","volume":"35 1","pages":"51-64"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000517195","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39172587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lateral Dermal Penetration Is Dependent on the Lipophilicity of Active Ingredients.","authors":"Markus Lubda,&nbsp;Maximilian Zander,&nbsp;Andrew Salazar,&nbsp;Harald Kolmar,&nbsp;Jörg von Hagen","doi":"10.1159/000522633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000522633","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>With its large surface area, skin facilitates a topical administration of active ingredients, and thus percutaneous delivery to a specific target site. Due to its high barrier function and different diffusion characteristics, skin governs the efficacy of these active ingredients and a bioavailability in the epidermal and dermal tissue.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In order to characterize the vertical and lateral movement of molecules into and inside the skin, the diffusivity of active ingredients with different physicochemical properties and their penetration ability in different dermal skin layers was investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A novel lateral dermal microdialysis (MD) penetration setup was used to compare the diffusion characteristics of active ingredients into superficial and deep-implanted MD membranes in porcine skin. The corresponding membrane depth was determined via ultrasound and the active ingredients concentration via high-pressure liquid chromatography measurement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The depth depended penetration of superficial and deep-implanted MD membranes and the quantitative diffusivity of two active ingredients was compared. An experimental lateral MD setup was used to determine the influence of percutaneous skin penetration characteristics of an active ingredient with different lipophilic and hydrophilic characteristics. Therefore, hydrophilic caffeine and lipophilic LIP1, which have an identical molecular weight but different lipophilic characteristics, were tested for their penetration ability inside a propylene glycol and oleic acid formulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The vertical and lateral penetration movement of caffeine was found to exceed that of LIP1 through the hydrophilic dermal environment. The findings of this study show that the lipophilicity of active ingredients influences the penetration movement and that skin enables a conical increasing lateral diffusivity and transdermal delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":21748,"journal":{"name":"Skin Pharmacology and Physiology","volume":"35 4","pages":"235-246"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39929683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum.","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000521871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000521871","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21748,"journal":{"name":"Skin Pharmacology and Physiology","volume":"35 2","pages":"124"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9931143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skin Lesions, Skin Care, and Characteristics of Pruritus in Patients Undergoing Haemodialysis.","authors":"Rachel Sommer,&nbsp;Sonja Ständer,&nbsp;Matthias Augustin","doi":"10.1159/000519367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000519367","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Pruritus has been shown to be a common and burdensome complaint in the general population. In some diseases, there is an even higher rate and intensity of pruritus such as in chronic kidney diseases. In particular, patients requiring dialysis commonly suffer from pruritus with proportions between 22.0 and 90.0%. Few data on the characteristics and burden of such pruritus have been published. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the extent and profiles of pruritus in such patients related to skin lesions and care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A non-interventional cross-sectional study in 14 centres for haemodialysis across Germany was conducted. The survey explored the prevalence, severity, and resulting burden of pruritus and skin lesions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 302 patients with uraemia (56.5% male, mean age 66.0 ± 14.4 years, mean duration of dialysis 3.9 ± 4.8 years) were included. Skin lesions appeared since start of dialysis in 50.0% of patients, with xerosis (94.7%) and desquamation (25.8%) being the most frequent and disturbing findings. Pruritus was reported by 60.9% of patients undergoing dialysis with a current mean numerical rating scale of 5.1 ± 2.4 occurring most frequently in the back, legs, and arms. About 89.0% of patients with xerosis and 69.0% with desquamation reported self-medication. However, only 40.0% and 28.0% sought medical help, respectively, indicating a remarkable lack of healthcare.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The current data suggest a more intensive focus on the skin symptoms and signs related to uraemia in the patients with dialysis and thus underline claims from a previous German large-scale study. Recommendations for early treatment and prevention of skin lesions in dialysis patients should be developed. Further research should be conducted focusing on recognizing subgroups of patients of particular vulnerability to pruritus and skin lesions, which may facilitate identifying patients at risk in an early moment. Moreover, a more specific tool for screening of skin lesions as well as pruritus may be useful since the existing instruments lack such specificity.</p>","PeriodicalId":21748,"journal":{"name":"Skin Pharmacology and Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"87-93"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39415429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blue Lagoon Algae Improve Uneven Skin Pigmentation: Results from in vitro Studies and from a Monocentric, Randomized, Double-Blind, Vehicle-Controlled, Split-Face Study.","authors":"Susanne Grether-Beck,&nbsp;Alessandra Marini,&nbsp;Thomas Jaenicke,&nbsp;Heidi Brenden,&nbsp;Ingo Felsner,&nbsp;Natalie Aue,&nbsp;Asa Brynjolfsdottir,&nbsp;Jean Krutmann","doi":"10.1159/000518781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000518781","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Bathing in the Blue Lagoon (BL) in Iceland benefits patients with psoriasis. Accordingly, the BL water contains algae with biological activities that improve skin barrier function and affect T-cell responses relevant for psoriasis. Bathing in the BL is also becoming increasingly popular among healthy individuals and anecdotal evidence suggests positive effects on uneven skin pigmentation.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the study was to address the impact of BL algae on skin pigmentation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this work, in vitro gene expression studies in melanocytes and a noninvasive in vivo study were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We here report that normal human epidermal melanocytes, which had been treated with nontoxic concentrations of BL algae, show a significantly reduced expression of α melanocyte-stimulating hormone-induced expression of genes important for melanin synthesis, such as tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1, dopachrome tautomerase, melan A protein, and pre-melanosome protein. This in vitro observation prompted us to conduct a randomized, double-blind, intra-individual, comparative split-face in vivo study, in which 60 volunteers with pre-existing facial pigment spots were treated twice daily with a BL algae containing serum or a vehicle control. We found that constitutive skin pigmentation as determined by colorimetry (individual typology angle and luminescence) did not differ significantly between vehicle- and serum-treated skin sites. In marked contrast, digital photography under cross-polarized lighting and RBX technology (VISIA CR) revealed that the number of pigment spots in the serum-treated face decreased significantly compared to the vehicle-treated side.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Thus, BL algae can affect human melanocyte function in vitro and reduce uneven facial skin pigmentation in vivo.</p>","PeriodicalId":21748,"journal":{"name":"Skin Pharmacology and Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"77-86"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000518781","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39274500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Intermittent Treatment with Topical Corticosteroids and Calcineurin Inhibitors on Epidermal and Dermal Thickness Using Optical Coherence Tomography and Ultrasound.","authors":"Roland Aschoff,&nbsp;Awena Lang,&nbsp;Edmund Koch","doi":"10.1159/000518214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000518214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Proactive therapy with topical corticosteroids (TCSs) is the standard treatment for chronic inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis; however, skin atrophy as TCS side effect remains a concern.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This 16-week, evaluator-blinded, within-patient placebo-controlled, randomized study enrolled volunteers with healthy skin conditions. For 12 weeks, their volar forearm and the back of their hand were applied with hydrocortisone acetate 1% cream (HC), methylprednisolone aceponate 0.1% cream (MPA), betamethasone valerate 0.1% cream (BMV), or an active agent-free base cream (Dermatop® Basiscreme) once daily twice weekly, and pimecrolimus 1% cream (PIM) twice daily twice weekly. Epidermal and dermal thickness was measured by optical coherence tomography and high-frequency ultrasound, respectively. Furthermore, skin atrophy and telangiectasia were determined by contact dermatoscopic photography (Dermaphot®).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After 8 and 12 weeks, only BMV led to significant epidermal thinning on both sites. Four weeks after the end of treatment, epidermal thickness returned to baseline. No dermal thinning, atrophy, or telangiectasia was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MPA, HC, and PIM may be more suitable for repeated and prolonged treatment, especially in chronic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":21748,"journal":{"name":"Skin Pharmacology and Physiology","volume":"35 1","pages":"41-50"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000518214","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39274502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topical α-Gal Nanoparticles Enhance Wound Healing in Radiated Skin.","authors":"Arash Samadi,&nbsp;Justin Buro,&nbsp;Xue Dong,&nbsp;Andrew Weinstein,&nbsp;Daniel O Lara,&nbsp;Karel-Bart Celie,&nbsp;Matthew A Wright,&nbsp;Mariam A Gadijko,&nbsp;Uri Galili,&nbsp;Jason A Spector","doi":"10.1159/000518015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000518015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Surgery within radiated tissue is associated with increased complication rates. It is hypothesized that impaired wound healing may result from aberrant inflammatory responses that occur in previously radiated tissues. Previous work has demonstrated that the topical application of naturally occurring antigen α-gal (Galα1-3Galβ1-(3)4GlcNAc-R) nanoparticles (AGNs) within wounds accelerates macrophage recruitment and subsequent healing in both normal and diabetic wounds. Herein, we hypothesize that application of this antigen would similarly enhance wound healing in irradiated tissues.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To simulate human physiology, α-1,3-galactosyltransferase knockout (KO) mice were exposed to the antigen to produce anti-α-gal antibodies (anti-Gal). Ten days prior to wounding, the dorsal skin was irradiated with 1 session of 40 Gy. Bilateral dorsal 6-mm splinted full-thickness wounds were created within the radiated skin and treated with 50 µL of AGNs (50 mg/mL) immediately after wounding and again on postoperative day 1. A control KO group underwent similar irradiation and wounding protocols but was treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) vehicle. Wild-type (WT) mice, which do not produce anti-Gal, went through the same irradiation and wounding.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Histologic analysis demonstrated enhanced epithelial migration in the radiated/AGN-treated KO wounds, which was significantly elevated in comparison to radiated/PBS-treated KO wounds beginning by day 15 and continuing until the end of the study (p < 0.01). In WT mice, treatment with AGNs showed no effect on epithelial migration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Topical application of AGNs onto irradiated wounds significantly ameliorates the delayed wound healing classically seen in radiated skin and results in faster wound closure with only transient application.</p>","PeriodicalId":21748,"journal":{"name":"Skin Pharmacology and Physiology","volume":"35 1","pages":"31-40"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000518015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39277075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Biomimetic Combination of Actives Enhances Skin Hydration and Barrier Function via Modulation of Gene Expression: Results of Two Double-Blind, Vehicle-Controlled Clinical Studies.","authors":"Silke Altgilbers,&nbsp;Frank Rippke,&nbsp;Alexander Filbry,&nbsp;Stefanie Conzelmann,&nbsp;Jens-Peter Vietzke,&nbsp;Thorsten Burkhardt,&nbsp;Dörte Segger,&nbsp;Dennis Roggenkamp,&nbsp;Elke Grönniger","doi":"10.1159/000520009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000520009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Xerosis cutis is characterized by a decreased stratum corneum (SC) hydration and an impaired skin barrier function. Urea, the most prevalent natural moisturizing factor (NMF), is currently considered the gold standard. Its efficacy can further be increased by combining urea with other NMF and skin barrier lipids (SBLs).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We set out to evaluate physiological effects of a novel functional moisturizer containing 10% urea, additional NMF components, and a combination of SBLs on skin hydration and skin barrier integrity on a cellular and phenotypic level in female volunteers suffering from xerosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two double-blind, vehicle-controlled clinical studies were conducted. In the first study, 44 female subjects having very dry body skin applied the moisturizer or its vehicle twice daily to their volar forearms. Twenty-four hours after a single product application as well as 24 h after 2 weeks of treatment, SC hydration was measured by corneometry. Skin barrier function was assessed by transepidermal water loss 24 h and 48 h after 2 weeks of regular use. Twenty-four hours after 2 weeks of application, skin tape stripping was performed, and urea content was determined in the 3rd strip by means of high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. In the second study, 22 women with self-reported very dry skin applied the moisturizer or vehicle twice daily to their volar forearms for 2 weeks. Then, suction blister samples were obtained for gene expression analysis using RT-PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Application of the actives led to significantly improved skin hydration and barrier function at all points in time. Compared to the vehicle, application of the moisturizer for 2 weeks resulted in a significant increase in SC urea content. Relative gene expression data revealed significant upregulation of genes associated with skin barrier function, hydration, differentiation, and lipid metabolism compared to the vehicle-treated area.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, our data demonstrate that the functional moisturizer provides an adequate bioavailability of urea and a beneficial biophysical impact on xerotic skin. Topical treatment with a combination of urea and additional NMF as well as SBL can modify mRNA expression of important epidermal genes stimulating cellular processes and functions. The well-tolerated novel functional moisturizer stimulates molecular mechanisms involved in skin hydration and barrier function and is a profoundly effective treatment option for xerosis cutis.</p>","PeriodicalId":21748,"journal":{"name":"Skin Pharmacology and Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"102-111"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39497042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topically Confined Enhancement of Cutaneous Microcirculation by Cold Plasma.","authors":"Thomas Borchardt,&nbsp;Andreas Helmke,&nbsp;Jennifer Ernst,&nbsp;Steffen Emmert,&nbsp;Arndt F Schilling,&nbsp;Gunther Felmerer,&nbsp;Wolfgang Viöl","doi":"10.1159/000527700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000527700","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>We aim to explore potentials and modalities of cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAP) for the subsequent development of therapies targeting an increased perfusion of the lower leg skin tissue. In this study, we addressed the question whether the microcirculation enhancement is restricted to the tissue in direct contact with plasma or if adjacent tissue might also benefit.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A dielectric barrier discharge (DBD)-generated CAP device exhibiting an electrode area of 27.5 cm2 was used to treat the anterior lower leg of ten healthy subjects for 4.5 min. Subsequently, hyperspectral imaging was performed to measure the tempospatially resolved characteristics of microcirculation parameters in superficial (up to 1 mm) and deeper (up to 5 mm) skin layers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the tissue area covered by the plasma electrode, DBD-CAP treatment enhances most of the perfusion parameters. The maximum oxygen saturation increase reached 8%, the near-infrared perfusion index (NIR) increased by a maximum of 4%, and the maximum tissue hemoglobin increase equaled 14%. Tissue water index (TWI) was lower in both the control and the plasma groups, thus not affected by the DBD-CAP treatment. Yet, our study reveals that adjacent tissue is hardly affected by the enhancements in the electrode area, and the effects are locally confined.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Application of DBD-CAP to the lower leg resulted in enhancement of cutaneous microcirculation that extended 1 h beyond the treatment period with localization to the tissue area in direct contact with the cold plasma. This suggests the possibility of tailoring application schemes for topically confined enhancement of skin microcirculation, e.g., in the treatment of chronic wounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":21748,"journal":{"name":"Skin Pharmacology and Physiology","volume":"35 6","pages":"343-353"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9811424/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10837531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lower Limb Dynamic Activity Significantly Reduces Foot Skin Perfusion: Exploring Data with Different Optical Sensors in Age-Grouped Healthy Adults.","authors":"Margarida Florindo,&nbsp;Sérgio Loureiro Nuno,&nbsp;Luis Monteiro Rodrigues","doi":"10.1159/000517906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000517906","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The human lower limb is widely used as a model to study in vivo microcirculatory physiology and pathophysiology. It is a preferential target for critical comorbidities (overweight, diabetes, and peripheral vascular disease). Movement and activity are consistently regarded as beneficial, but the related adaptive physiology is still poorly understood. Our goal was to better identify the foot microcirculatory changes after a regular walking gait activity in healthy subjects of different ages.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twelve healthy participants of both sexes, with normal BMI and Ankle-Brachial Index, were selected and grouped according to age - group I (21.0 ± 1 y.o.) and group II (55.8 ± 3 y.o.). The protocol involved 2 phases of 5-min duration each - phase 1, a static standing position, and phase 2, 5-min walking with a comfortable pace on a pre-established circuit. Perfusion changes were assessed in the dorsal region of both feet before (baseline, phase 1) and after (phase 2) the gait period by noninvasive optical technologies - laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF), photoplethysmography, and polarized spectroscopy (PSp). Comparative statistics were performed with a 95% confidence level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All instruments detected an asymmetric nonsignificant perfusion between right and left feet during rest in all participants with values in females consistently lower than men. Older participants exhibited lower baseline values than the younger group. Gait evoked a perfusion reduction in all participants relative to phase 1 detected with all technologies, with statistically significant changes recorded with LDF (group I, p = 0.033, and group II, p = 0.028) and PSp (group II, p = 0.041). Furthermore, LDF revealed that gait significantly reduced perfusion velocity in the older group (p = 0.003). Corresponding changes in the younger group were present but discrete. Recovery to baseline levels was also slower in the older group.</p><p><strong>Discussion/conclusions: </strong>Our results confirm that perfusion is age dependent and demonstrate the clinical relevance of simple dynamic activities such as gait. This reduction of the dorsal foot perfusion occurs in depth, being more pronounced with the movement intensity, suggesting a wide application potential in early diagnostics as for rehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":21748,"journal":{"name":"Skin Pharmacology and Physiology","volume":"35 1","pages":"13-22"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000517906","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39252448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}