{"title":"Muonic Kaon and the Kaon Size","authors":"David A. Owen","doi":"10.55318/bgjp.2024.51.1.072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55318/bgjp.2024.51.1.072","url":null,"abstract":". It is shown, by utilizing the energy levels determined by the Bethe-Saltpeter equation which includes recoil and retardation effects for a scalar fermion bound state which have been calculated the to α 4 th [1] for the µ − - K + atom, the physical size of the charged K-meson can be determined.","PeriodicalId":217381,"journal":{"name":"Bulgarian Journal of Physics","volume":"6 s2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140262317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Scale Invariant Scattering in 2D","authors":"","doi":"10.55318/bgjp.2024.51.1.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55318/bgjp.2024.51.1.104","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":217381,"journal":{"name":"Bulgarian Journal of Physics","volume":"57 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140077845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"MOND and Retarded Gravity","authors":"","doi":"10.55318/bgjp.2024.51.1.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55318/bgjp.2024.51.1.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":217381,"journal":{"name":"Bulgarian Journal of Physics","volume":"40 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140262769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Inversion Invariant Volume Element for Strings, Antistrings and Braneworlds","authors":"E. Guendelman","doi":"10.55318/bgjp.2024.51.1.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55318/bgjp.2024.51.1.021","url":null,"abstract":". The specific model studied is in the context of the modified measure formulation the string or branes, where tension appear as an additional dynamical degree of freedom. We then consider the signed reparametrization invariant volume element formulation of dynamical strings and branes and find that the dynamical tension can produce positive tensions or negative tensions, corresponding exactly to strings and branes and antistrings and antibranes respectively. The antistrings are realized when a scalar time that defines the mod-ified measure runs in the opposite direction to the world sheet time. For strings with positive tension, both times run in the same direction. The situation resembles the situation in Relativistic Quantum Mechanics with positive and negative energies, proper time of particles running forward with respect of coordinate time, while for antiparticles proper tome runs opposite of coordinate time. An example, where string antistring pair creation takes place in analogy to the pair creation in an external electric field in QED background field, this time in the presence of a background scalar field that couples to the strings and locally changes the tension, the tension field. When many types of strings probing the same region of space are considered this tension scalar is constrained by the requirement of quantum conformal invariance. For the case of two types of strings probing the same region of space with different dynamically generated tensions, there are two different metrics, associated to the different strings. Each of these metrics have to satisfy vacuum Einstein’s equations and the consistency of these two Einstein’s equations determine the tension scalar. The universal","PeriodicalId":217381,"journal":{"name":"Bulgarian Journal of Physics","volume":"88 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140261474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Geometric Cloaks and Resonances","authors":"T. Curtright, S. Subedi","doi":"10.55318/bgjp.2024.51.1.090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55318/bgjp.2024.51.1.090","url":null,"abstract":". Selected spatial geometries can either enhance or suppress scattering amplitudes, to produce either extremely sharp resonances or approximate invisibility for a specified angular momentum. A simple model is presented in detail for an impenetrable sphere surrounded by a Riemannian step geometry.","PeriodicalId":217381,"journal":{"name":"Bulgarian Journal of Physics","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140262785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The study of H2 and N2 Diatomic Molecules in Arbitrary Dimensions with Collective Potential Model","authors":"","doi":"10.55318/bgjp.2023.50.3.265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55318/bgjp.2023.50.3.265","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":217381,"journal":{"name":"Bulgarian Journal of Physics","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132821228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cosmological Parameters and Stability of Bianchi Type-VIII in Sáez-Ballester Theory of Gravitation","authors":"","doi":"10.55318/bgjp.2023.50.3.255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55318/bgjp.2023.50.3.255","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":217381,"journal":{"name":"Bulgarian Journal of Physics","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114806410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of Growth Condition on the Structural, Optical and Ionic Characteristics of Chemically Synthesized CuS Nanostructures in Starch Matrix","authors":"S. K. Nath, P. Kalita","doi":"10.55318/bgjp.2023.50.3.280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55318/bgjp.2023.50.3.280","url":null,"abstract":". Spindle-shaped CuS nanoparticles of sizes 3–13 nm dispersed in starch were synthesized using copper acetate monohydrate (Cu(CH 3 COO) 2 ) and thiourea (SC(NH 2 ) 2 ) as precursors via a green biocompatible chemical route. The structure indicated a possible phase change from covellite to djurleite under different growth conditions. Absorption spectra showed good quantum confinement of CuS in starch matrix with an enhancement of the band gap 2.8– 3.85 eV. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra exhibited a strong UV-Vis.-blue emission in the ranges 362–395 nm and 398–471 nm with excitation wave-lengths of 325 nm and 350 nm respectively along with some weak green emissions. Ionic contributions of the electrolytic ionic CuS solution as measured by a standard conductivity cell clearly showed the semiconducting behavior of the product material. The activation energies were in the range 0.1007–0.1602 eV. The ionic properties of the ionic CuS solution were correlated with molar concentration of the host material. Studies have shown that ionic CuS solutions behave as weak electrolytes dispersed in starch and may be potentially exploited as mixed ionic electronic conductors in electrochemical technology. The excellent optoelectronic properties of the as synthesized material may also be utilized in different optoelectronic devices such as UV-Blue LEDs","PeriodicalId":217381,"journal":{"name":"Bulgarian Journal of Physics","volume":"259 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114331035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Factors Affecting Ionic Conductivity in La2-xBixMo1.95V0.05O9-d (0.075 < x < 0.200): XRD and Raman Studies","authors":"","doi":"10.55318/bgjp.2023.50.3.322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55318/bgjp.2023.50.3.322","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":217381,"journal":{"name":"Bulgarian Journal of Physics","volume":"374 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122347418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}