The UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports最新文献

{"title":"Forecasting eco-evolutionary dynamics in the Northern Blue butterfly (Lycaeides idas)","authors":"Z. Gompert, L. Lucas","doi":"10.13001/uwnpsrc.2018.5653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.2018.5653","url":null,"abstract":"Natural selection can drive rapid evolutionary change, particularly in human-altered habitats. Rapid adaptation to global change requires standing genetic variation for ecologically important traits, but at present little is known about how much relevant genetic variation most populations possess. With this in mind, we began a long term study of genome-wide molecular evolution in a series of natural butterfly populations in the Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA) in 2012 to quantify the contribution of environment-dependent natural selection to evolution in these butterfly populations, and determine whether selection varies enough across space and time to maintain variation that could facilitate adaptation to global change. In 2018, we visited 11 focal populations to collect samples for DNA, estimate population sizes (using distance sampling and mark-release-recapture methods), and survey arthropod communities at the sites. Our analyses are ongoing, and this is a preliminary report, but thus far we have found that census population sizes are much higher than contemporary effective population sizes (though these metrics are highly correlated), and that both are independent of genetic diversity levels. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that selection plays a central role in eco-evolutionary dynamics in this system. \u0000  \u0000Featured photo from Figure 1 in report.","PeriodicalId":217302,"journal":{"name":"The UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114120874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of sagebrush restoration on plant and bird communities in Grand Teton National Park","authors":"A. Chalfoun, T. N. Johnson","doi":"10.13001/UWNPSRC.2018.5651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13001/UWNPSRC.2018.5651","url":null,"abstract":"Approximately half of sagebrush steppe range-wide has been converted to non-native grasslands, which has contributed to population declines of sagebrush-associated songbirds.  Removal of non-native grasses and restoration treatments are time-, resource- and energy-intensive, but could lead to the return of functional habitat for sagebrush wildlife. The extent to which restoration efforts repair the structure and functionality of sagebrush steppe for different types of wildlife, however, remains largely untested. To determine breeding songbird community responses to sagebrush restoration treatments, we are conducting a longitudinal study with sampling every 5 years within restoration units at different stages of restoration in the Kelly Hayfields restoration area in Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming. Thus far, in 2013 and 2018 we compared bird and plant communities in unrestored (largely smooth brome [Bromus inermis]) units to those in various stages of restoration treatments, and to areas of native sagebrush. The sagebrush plots will serve as desired comparators for the endpoints of restoration efforts. The in-progress and recently replanted units were either dominated by bare ground (following herbicidal application) or native forbs with very little shrub cover (< 0.1%).  Native sagebrush units were dominated by shrubs and native bunchgrasses.  Bird community composition was distinct among the different unit types.  Abundance of grassland birds was highest in unrestored units, whereas the abundance of shrubland birds was highest in native sagebrush and positively associated with shrub cover.  There were very few detections of birds in recently re-seeded units. Restored areas may initially provide little breeding bird habitat, especially prior to the establishment of native bunch grasses and a mature shrub layer. Plant and bird sampling efforts will continue every five years to document how plant and bird assemblages shift over time in response to restoration efforts. \u0000  \u0000Featured photo by Matt Lavin on Flickr. https://flic.kr/p/fh7UJz","PeriodicalId":217302,"journal":{"name":"The UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122657807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An inventory and assessment of glaciers, rock glaciers, perennial snowfields, and permafrost landforms in the Teton Range, WY, USA","authors":"Paepin D. Goff, D. Butler","doi":"10.13001/uwnpsrc.2018.5639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.2018.5639","url":null,"abstract":"Glaciers, rock glaciers, and permafrost landforms store water within ice reserves in alpine and periglacial zones. In the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem of northwestern Wyoming, U.S.A., these landforms charge the hydrological system through meltwater, which raises questions about the ecological impacts of these limited water reserves in a regime trending toward warmer and drier conditions. Here, I investigate the impact of glacier and rock glacier meltwater on the ecological systems within the Grand Teton, Wind River, and Gros Ventre mountain watersheds. This investigation relies on remotely sensed satellite imagery, aerial photography, and Lidar, as well as in situ field data. With these data, I provide a high-resolution inventory of glacial, rock glacial, and permafrost landforms in the GYE. \u0000  \u0000Featured photo by Grand Teton on Flickr. https://flic.kr/p/2hwtrRb","PeriodicalId":217302,"journal":{"name":"The UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123582822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"For everything there was a season: phenological shifts in the Tetons","authors":"T. Bloom, C. Riginos, D. O'Leary","doi":"10.13001/uwnpsrc.2018.5645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.2018.5645","url":null,"abstract":"Around the world, phenology — the timing of ecological events — is shifting as the climate warms. This can lead to a variety of consequences for individual species and entire ecological communities. Grand Teton National Park biologists have identified this topic (“effect of earlier plant flowering on pollinators and wildlife”) as one of their priority research needs. We assembled phenological observations of first flowering dates for 49 species collected by Frank Craighead, Jr. in the 1970s, before significant warming occurred. In 2016 we began standardized phenological observations of these same species, plus an additional 61 for a total of 110 species, in the same locations. First flowering date for 65% of the species with historic records correlated significantly with mean spring temperature; these species are therefore expected to flower earlier now than in the 1970s. Early spring flowers had the largest shifts in phenology, emerging an average of 21 days earlier now relative to the 1970s. Yet not all species are emerging earlier. In particular, phenology of late summer/early fall flowering plants was largely unchanged. In 2017, we initiated pollinator collections at our key phenology sites. Additional years of observations will allow us to better understand plant-pollinator interactions and identify potential phenological mismatches. \u0000  \u0000Featured photo by Shawna Wolf, taken from the AMK Ranch photo collection.","PeriodicalId":217302,"journal":{"name":"The UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125003949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A qualitative study on Chinese visitors in Grand Teton National Park","authors":"Rui Li, B. Pan, Z. Miller, B. D. Taff, Peter Newman","doi":"10.13001/uwnpsrc.2018.5667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.2018.5667","url":null,"abstract":"Grand Teton (GRTE) and Yellowstone (YELL) National Parks are experiencing an increase in visitation of Chinese tourists over the last few years, but little is known about the expectations, behaviors, and actual experiences of these new visitors. Cultural differences and language barriers contribute to misunderstanding and confusion between park management and visitors, which may lead to regulation violations and conflicts. A better understanding of Chinese tourists’ expectations and experiences is essential for better communication strategies to facilitate preservation of natural resources. To address this, we interviewed Chinese tourists traveling individually or on tour buses, and tour guides for Chinese tourists in GRTE in summer 2018. Three major themes emerged from our interviews: 1) Factors that influence Chinese tourists’ decision-making process, among those the most significant ones are the reputation of YELL and different information sources in China; 2) Dominant expectations among Chinese tourists and the role these expectations are playing in tourists’ satisfaction; and, 3) Chinese tourists’ actual experience that may be different from those of domestic travelers. Recommendations for park management are provided based on the findings. \u0000  \u0000Featured photo by Ken Lane on Flickr. https://flic.kr/p/VWD4Sm","PeriodicalId":217302,"journal":{"name":"The UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116010304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tectonics from topography: constraining spatial and temporal landscape response rates to Teton fault activity using low-T thermochronology, quantitative geomorphology, and limnogeologic analyses","authors":"R. Thigpen, M. McGlue, E. Woolery, Meredith L. Swallom","doi":"10.13001/uwnpsrc.2018.5643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.2018.5643","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding how landscapes respond to tectonic and climatic forcing over a range of timescales remains a top priority for studies in tectonics, geomorphology, and geodynamics. To examine this, we are attempting to separate signals that define uplift, drainage incision, and sediment flux at multiple timescales (107 to 102 yrs). The Teton Range serves as an ideal natural laboratory for filtering this interplay due to its comparatively small size and consistent along-strike climatic variation. Recent studies indicate that Teton fault motion first initiated near Mount Moran at ~13 Ma in the northern portion of the range and slip onset gets younger to the south. No major climatic variations occur along strike, so tectonic forcing is interpreted to be the primary driver of landscape evolution. To test this hypothesis, we are evaluating ‘lag’ between fault slip onset and incision of drainages using AHe techniques combined with quantitative landscape analysis to constrain long-term response and analyzing seismic reflection and core data from range front lakes to determine sediment volume flux over shorter intervals. Preliminary data from a seismic survey completed in August 2018 reveals multiple depocenters in Jackson Lake. Results from the seismic survey and AHe analysis should be available in Spring 2019. \u0000  \u0000Featured photo by Gideon Rosenblatt on Flickr. https://flic.kr/p/2XjzYH","PeriodicalId":217302,"journal":{"name":"The UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129760617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking the biogeochemical role of beaver in state-transition of landscapes in Yellowstone's northern range","authors":"M. Brooks","doi":"10.13001/uwnpsrc.2018.5649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.2018.5649","url":null,"abstract":"Extirpation of wolves from the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem in the 1920s hypothetically triggered a trophic cascade in which browsers, released from wolf (Canis lupus) predation, over-browsed riparian zones. Eventually, vast meadow-wetland complexes transitioned to grass-lodgepole systems. By 1954, beaver (Castor canadensis) virtually abandoned the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. In 2000, Colorado State University established experimental dams with browsing exclosures for Long Term Environmental Research in Biology (LTREB) on three streams in Lamar Valley to compare hydrologic effects of pseudo-beaver dams and browsing on willow (Salix spp.) productivity and state transitions. In 2015, beaver began recolonizing the region. I investigated how the biogeochemical role of beaver versus their hydrologic influence affects the underlying mechanisms of state transition: nutrient cycling, productivity, and stream respiration. Analyses of the 2017 field samples show that beaver streams trend toward higher nutrient levels and higher variances than the LTREB sites. The data tentatively support the role of beaver as keystone species in state transitions, although more data are needed. The unexpected and late May notice from the NPS to obtain an independent research permit—approved late August—curtailed my 2018 research to a brief field bout in September. Analysis of 2018 samples is underway. \u0000  \u0000Featured photo from Figure 1 in report.","PeriodicalId":217302,"journal":{"name":"The UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133569302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing thermal tolerance of vulnerable alpine stream insects as part of a long-term monitoring project in the Teton Range, Wyoming","authors":"Lusha M. Tronstad, J. J. Giersch, S. Hotaling, D. Finn, L. Zeglin, Oliver J. Wilmot, R. Bixby, Alisha A. Shah, M. Dillon","doi":"10.13001/uwnpsrc.2018.5661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.2018.5661","url":null,"abstract":"Alpine streams are predicted to decline as air temperatures warm and their water sources dry. Stream temperatures are expected to increase as glaciers and permanent snowfields decrease in size. For aquatic insects that are cold-adapted and restricted to small, high elevation streams fed by glaciers or snowfields, warmer water temperatures could be lethal. Conversely, less water in streams may increase the likelihood of insects freezing during winter months. We measured the critical thermal maximum (CTMAX) – the highest non-lethal temperature an insect can survive, and supercooling temperature – the temperature at which an insect freezes, of three alpine stoneflies, Zapada sp., Lednia tetonica and Lednia tumana, collected in Grant Teton and Glacier National Parks. CTMAX and supercooling point varied among species and with stream source (glacier-fed, snowmelt-fed and icy seep) and population (seven populations). Supercooling temperature was lowest in an alpine tarn and highest in glacier- and snowmelt-fed streams. Zapada sp. had the lowest CTMAX of the three species. Stoneflies from icy seeps had lower CTMAX than individuals from glacier- or snowmelt-fed streams. Individuals that likely experience the coldest winter temperatures had the lowest supercooling temperature. Similarly, stoneflies that experienced warmer water temperatures also had higher CTMAX values. Investigating the thermal tolerances of alpine stoneflies allows us to predict how these insects may respond to future climate change scenarios. \u0000  \u0000Featured photo by Nicole Y-C on Unsplash. https://unsplash.com/photos/9XixVlnUCbk","PeriodicalId":217302,"journal":{"name":"The UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports","volume":"155 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123244434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors influencing amphibian distributions in Grand Teton National Park and western Wyoming","authors":"Zachary P. Wallace, Lusha M. Tronstad","doi":"10.13001/uwnpsrc.2018.5663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.2018.5663","url":null,"abstract":"Predicting the distribution of amphibians can be difficult because habitat suitability may depend on a variety of environmental and anthropogenic factors, including water quality of wetlands, geology of watersheds, and presence of invasive pathogens. Previous studies hypothesized that water chemistry may influence the rate of chytrid infection in amphibians where higher conductivity sites may have less infection. We sampled two watersheds in Grand Teton National Park and 3 watersheds adjacent to the park, and measured amphibian presence, chytrid infection, basic water quality, major ion concentrations and geology of the wetland. This is part of a larger project where we are comparing amphibian presence and infection rate among wetlands in the Gros Ventre, Wind River, and Teton Ranges. We sampled watersheds that were predominately limestone, granite or a mixture. Water quality varied among sites with higher conductivity and ion concentrations for limestone watersheds compared to granite watersheds. This report includes preliminary results of amphibian surveys and water quality analyses. Future analyses will relate occupancy rates of amphibians to environmental factors, including water chemistry, geology, and presence of chytrid fungus, as well as comparing detection rates of amphibians with environmental DNA (eDNA) and visual observation surveys. \u0000  \u0000 Featured photo by Neal Herbert on Flickr. https://flic.kr/p/2gv9PJA","PeriodicalId":217302,"journal":{"name":"The UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132864263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental noise influences song frequency of Yellow Warblers (Dendroica petechia) in Grand Teton National Park","authors":"C. Taylor, Yi-Ju Wang, M. Cody","doi":"10.13001/uwnpsrc.2017.5583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.2017.5583","url":null,"abstract":"We explored how Yellow Warblers (Dendroica petechia) alter their songs when encountering noise in Grand Teton National Park. Different strategies for avoiding signal masking are used by other species of birds, yet there is a lack of information of birds’ responses to higher noise levels -- above 65 dB; such levels are often found in National Parks that have many visitors. In this study, we investigated singing behavior of Yellow Warblers when facing noise that ranged from 30 dB to 80 dB. In these preliminary results, we found that some features of Yellow Warblers did not appear to change with background noise level, including mean minimum frequency, bandwidth and song length. Other song features we studied did show small but statistically significant changes with higher background noise, including the peak frequency and the mean minimum frequency, both of which were significantly negatively correlated with the level of background noise. This result is different from the positive correlations that are typically observed.  We speculate that this difference is due to the very high dB levels of background noise that we observed. \u0000  \u0000Featured photo by wagon16 on Flickr. https://flic.kr/p/G2W6Bk","PeriodicalId":217302,"journal":{"name":"The UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114073517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}