Scientifica最新文献

{"title":"Antifungal, Insecticidal, and Repellent Activities of <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> Essential Oil and Molecular Docking of Its Constituents against Acetylcholinesterase and <i>β</i>-Tubulin.","authors":"Ghizlane Houzi, Youness El Abdali, Ghada Beniaich, Mohamed Chebaibi, Mohamed Taibi, Amine Elbouzidi, Samiha Kaioua, Abdeslam Asehraou, Mohamed Addi, Khalid Chaabane, Rachid Flouchi, Aimad Allali, Soad Khal-Layoun","doi":"10.1155/2024/5558041","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/5558041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemical composition and evaluate the antifungal and insecticidal properties of <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> essential oil (EO). GC-MS was employed to analyze the phytochemical profile of the EO. The antifungal activity of the EO was assessed by calculating growth inhibition rates for <i>Alternaria alternata</i>, <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i>, and <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>. Repellent capacity and toxicity were evaluated through inhalation and contact tests on <i>Callosobruchus maculatus</i>. Molecular docking techniques were utilized to test the insecticidal and antifungal activities of rosemary EO. The analysis revealed a total of sixteen components in <i>R</i>. <i>officinalis</i> EO, with 1,8-cineole (40.80%) being the major constituent, followed by <i>α</i>-pinene (26.18%) and camphor (19.53%). Antifungal evaluation demonstrated a significant inhibitory impact on the mycelial growth of the tested fungi, with complete inhibition observed against <i>B. cinerea</i>. In terms of insecticidal capacity, the EO induced complete mortality of <i>C. maculatus</i> adults at a concentration of 1 <i>μ</i>L/L air, with an inhalation test LC₅₀ value of 0.62 <i>μ</i>L/L air. Concentration-dependent reductions were observed in the number of both laid eggs and emerged insects, reaching a 99.36% reduction. The EO also exhibited a moderate effectiveness in repelling insects, with an average repellency rate of 50.83%. <i>In silico</i> analysis identified borneol as the most active molecule against insect acetylcholinesterase (PDB: 6ARY) with a Glide score of -7.254 kcal/mol. <i>α</i>-Caryophyllene showed the highest activity against <i>B. cinerea β</i>-tubulin (PDB: 3N2G) with a Glide score of -7.025 kcal/mol. These findings suggest that the EO derived from Moroccan <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> has potential as an effective natural agent against pathogenic fungi and could serve as a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative as a bioinsecticide.</p>","PeriodicalId":21726,"journal":{"name":"Scientifica","volume":"2024 ","pages":"5558041"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11319058/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141971803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"By-Products of the Babassu Agribusiness for Ruminant Diets.","authors":"Ygor Nascimento Portela, Danrley Martins Bandeira, Daniele de Jesus Ferreira, Henrique Nunes Parente, Michelle de Oliveira Maia Parente, Ivo Alexandre Leme da Cunha, Glayciane Costa Gois, Fleming Sena Campos, Francisca Claudia da Silva de Sousa, Luana Milena Pinheiro Rodrigues, Jessica Maria de Sousa Oliveira, Anderson de Moura Zanine","doi":"10.1155/2024/5363940","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/5363940","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of babassu agro-industrial residues in animal feed, in addition to being an economic option of great importance in reducing the environmental impact in regions of the Brazilian Cerrado, provides the production of good quality foods of animal origin due to its nutritional characteristics. However, information related to the nutritional components of babassu by-industrial residues has not yet been sufficiently explored. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional potential of some by-products from the babassu production chain through chemical composition and in situ degradability analyses. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized experimental design, with 4 by-products from babassu processing (cake, greasy, fine flour, and 95 <i>µ</i>m flour) and 5 replications. The by-products differ in terms of chemical composition, except for the hemicellulose content. For the degradability of fraction \"a\" of dry matter, it presented a higher percentage for 95 <i>µ</i>m flour. Fine flour and 95 <i>µ</i>m flour presented the highest fractions \"b\" and \"c,\" potential, and effective degradability of dry matter. For the degradation of crude protein, the highest percentages of potential and effective degradability were observed for greasy and 95 <i>µ</i>m flour. The highest standardized potentially degradable fraction and the highest passage rate were obtained by 95 <i>µ</i>m flour, which also showed greater degradation for dry matter, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber. Among the by-products studied, the babassu cake has superior chemical composition; however, the 95 <i>µ</i>m flour presented nutritional value and satisfactory rumen degradation to be used as an additive or in partial replacement of traditional concentrates.</p>","PeriodicalId":21726,"journal":{"name":"Scientifica","volume":"2024 ","pages":"5363940"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11319054/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141971804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial Distribution and Pollution Assessment of Metals in Sediments of the Babon River, Central Java, Indonesia.","authors":"Haeruddin Haeruddin, Agoes Soegianto, Frida Purwanti, Arif Rahman, Carolyn Melissa Payus, Hefni Effendi","doi":"10.1155/2024/2065513","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/2065513","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Babon River is one of the drainage channels in Semarang, Indonesia, that is used for drinking water, irrigated agriculture of paddy fields and gardens, fish farming media, and the disposal of industrial wastewater. This study aimed to assess the spatial distribution of metals in the sediment of the Babon River through the utilization of different pollution indices. These indices included concentration factor (Cf), contamination factor (CF), enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), sediment pollution index (SPI), threshold effect level (TEL), and probable effect level (PEL).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seven sampling locations were sampled for water and sediment in April, June, and September of 2021. The measurement of the metal was conducted using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings of the study demonstrated that sediments with a predominant sand texture exhibited higher levels of Cd and Pb, while the sediments characterized by a predominant clay texture had a higher concentration of Cr. Upon analyzing the Cf, CF, EF, Igeo, and SPI data, it has been confirmed that the sediment in the Babon River has substantial levels of Cd, Cr, and Pb. According to the TEL and PEL values, it can be observed that the presence of Cd and Pb has detrimental effects on the biological health of the benthic biota.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The aquatic biota and the benthic environment may be subject to adverse effects in the event where the concentration of metals in the sediment is higher than the natural concentration of metals.</p>","PeriodicalId":21726,"journal":{"name":"Scientifica","volume":"2024 ","pages":"2065513"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11300059/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141894260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical-Microbiological Study of Nontyphoidal Salmonella Infections from Karnataka, India.","authors":"Biranthabail Dhanashree, Shalini Shenoy","doi":"10.1155/2024/6620871","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/6620871","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nontyphoidal salmonella (NTS) are responsible for food-borne gastroenteritis and bacteremia, in immunosuppressed individuals. Antibiotic resistance in NTS is on the rise. This study reports the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of nontyphoidal salmonella in clinical samples. <i>Study Design</i>. This is a hospital record-based cross-sectional, retrospective study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In our study, inpatient samples such as blood (<i>n</i> = 13546), urine (<i>n</i> = 11,333), pus (<i>n</i> = 1,010), and stool (<i>n</i> = 926) samples were cultured to isolate etiological agents in the microbiology department from January 2017 to June 2019. Relevant details such as duration of fever, platelet count, hemoglobin, WBC count, immune status, and mode of treatment were noted from the medical records. Data were analyzed, and continuous variables were expressed as mean and categorical variables as percentages.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 24 NTS serovars were isolated, which included ten isolates from blood, five each from urine and pus, and four from stool samples. Of the NTS, five were <i>Salmonella enterica</i> subsp. enterica, three were <i>S.enterica</i> serovar Typhimurium, one was <i>S.enterica</i> subsp. diarizonae, and 15 <i>S.enterica</i> serovars could not be serologically differentiated. All were susceptible to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and cefuroxime. However, 16.6% of NTS was resistant to ceftriaxone, 4% to cotrimoxazole, 58% to ciprofloxacin, and 75% to nalidixic acid.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A low prevalence of NTS responsible for invasive infections is seen in this part of the country. Few isolates were resistant to more than one antibiotic. A higher rate of resistance to ceftriaxone is the cause of concern. Awareness of the distribution of NTS serogroups is of epidemiological and public health significance.</p>","PeriodicalId":21726,"journal":{"name":"Scientifica","volume":"2024 ","pages":"6620871"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11265940/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141752634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Its Association with Socioeconomic Factors in the Wof-Washa Natural State Forest, North Shewa Zone, Ethiopia.","authors":"Abere Wondimu Kassie, Admasu Moges, Tilahun Alelign, Gojam Bayeh","doi":"10.1155/2024/6607551","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/6607551","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Wof-Washa Natural State Forest (WWNSF) in Ethiopia harbors remarkable biodiversity but faces threats from local communities, climate change, and a lack of awareness regarding its preservation. Although numerous studies exist, the economic value of the forest's ecosystem services (FESs) has been largely overlooked. Thus, the purposes of this study were to identify FESs, estimate their total economic value, and assess challenges with possible strategies for sustainable forest management. The research employed Google Earth to estimate forest area and socioeconomic surveys with field visits to gather data from 368 participants for analyzing the FESs, monetary values, and challenges with possible strategies. Analyses included descriptive statistics, total economic valuation (TEV), and an ordinary least squares regression model. The study revealed that the WWNSF provides crucial provisioning services (timber, honey, water, and firewood), regulating services (soil erosion control and climate change mitigation), and supporting services (soil formation and nutrient cycling). The forest's annual contribution to sampled households averaged $1152.30, with regulating and cultural services valued at $14,112 and $622.00, respectively. The study also revealed that male-headed households, larger families, and those having limited farmland and off-farm income depended more heavily on the forest. Therefore, farmland scarcity, settlements, and tree harvesting for firewood, timber, and agricultural tools, as well as the lack of employment opportunities, were the main challenges encountered in the study area. This suggests that despite degradation and reduction in size due to human pressures, the WWNSF remains a significant source of socioeconomic and ecological benefits, supporting local livelihoods and biodiversity. To ensure the forest's restoration, prioritizing community participation, promoting family planning, providing alternative income opportunities especially for youth, and balancing resource use with conservation efforts are possible strategies that should be taken into account.</p>","PeriodicalId":21726,"journal":{"name":"Scientifica","volume":"2024 ","pages":"6607551"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11265944/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141752635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Syndrome: Relationships and Opportunities for New Therapeutic Strategies.","authors":"Emmanuel Henry Ezenabor, Aishat Abimbola Adeyemi, Oluyomi Stephen Adeyemi","doi":"10.1155/2024/4222083","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/4222083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since its discovery, numerous studies have shown the role of the microbiota in well-being and disease. The gut microbiota represents an essential factor that plays a multidirectional role that affects not just the gut but also other parts of the body, including the brain, endocrine system, humoral system, immune system, and metabolic pathways, as well as host-microbiome interactions. Through a comprehensive analysis of existing literature using the desktop research methodology, this review elucidates the mechanisms by which gut microbiota dysbiosis contributes to metabolic dysfunction, including obesity, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, atherosclerosis, hyperuricemia, and hyperglycaemia. Furthermore, it examines the bidirectional communication pathways between gut microbiota and host metabolism, highlighting the role of microbial-derived metabolites, immune modulation, and gut barrier integrity in shaping metabolic homeostasis. Importantly, the review identifies promising therapeutic strategies targeting the gut microbiota as potential interventions for metabolic syndrome, including probiotics, prebiotics, symbiotics, dietary modifications, and faecal microbiota transplantation. By delineating the bidirectional interactions between gut microbiota and metabolic syndrome, the review not only advances our understanding of disease pathophysiology but also underscores the potential for innovative microbiota-based interventions to mitigate the global burden of metabolic syndrome and its associated complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":21726,"journal":{"name":"Scientifica","volume":"2024 ","pages":"4222083"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11262881/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141749006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effectiveness of a Mobile Learning Environment in Improving Psychological Security in Blind Students.","authors":"Amr El Koshiry, Entesar Eliwa, Tarek Abd El-Hafeez, Mohamed Abd Allah Tony","doi":"10.1155/2024/7629607","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/7629607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate the impact of the Edmodo mobile learning environment on promoting psychological security among university students with visual impairments, at both the undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The researchers employed a combination of descriptive and quasiexperimental methodologies. The primary study sample consisted of 20 visually impaired students from Beni Suef University, divided equally between an experimental group (10 students) and a control group (10 students). To achieve the research objectives, the Psychological Security Scale was utilized and the experimental group received an intervention involving the implementation of a mobile learning environment using Edmodo. The data analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the postassessment, with the experimental group demonstrating an elevated sense of psychological security. Furthermore, the experimental group showed significant improvements in the pre- and postassessments, favoring the latter, with a standard score of 3.781. No significant differences were observed between the postassessment and the follow-up evaluation of the experimental group, with a standard score of 0.471, indicating the continuous effectiveness of the Edmodo mobile learning environment in enhancing the psychological security of visually impaired university students. This efficacy was sustained even one month after the student's graduation, as evidenced by the follow-up assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":21726,"journal":{"name":"Scientifica","volume":"2024 ","pages":"7629607"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11250696/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141627609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Assessment of the Genotype-Environment Interaction and Yield Stability of Boro Rice Genotypes under Four Environments in Bangladesh Using AMMI Analysis.","authors":"Shams Shaila Islam, Md Borhan Uddin Sarker, Md Masud Rana, Ahmed Khairul Hasan, Md Rashed Karim, Thanet Khomphet","doi":"10.1155/2024/7800747","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/7800747","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Yield stability, alongside high yield potential and broad adaptation to various agroclimatic environments, is a key objective for rice breeders aiming to ensure food security. This study aimed to explore the most suitable and stable Boro rice genotypes for Bangladesh. Ten Boro rice genotypes underwent testing in four environments during the 2022 Boro season to investigate genotype-environment interaction (GEI) and yield stability performance. The experiment utilized three replications of a completely randomized block design. Yield stability performance was assessed through combined analysis and the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model. The combined ANOVA revealed that the environment explained 10.23%, while GEI accounted for 9.17%, and the genotypes captured 80.60% of the variance, significantly impacting grain yield. Significance was observed in the environment, genotype main effects, and GEI. Analysis indicated that BRRI dhan 68 yielded the highest (6,754 kg·ha^-1) and BRRI dhan 88 the lowest (5,620 kg·ha^-1) among the investigated genotypes. In addition, genotypes BRRI dhan 84, BRRI dhan 81, and BRRI dhan 67 exhibited the highest grain yields. The Rangpur environment demonstrated considerable stability across the four environments with a high mean value of grain yield (7,206 kg·ha^-1). Therefore, the AMMI model emerges as a valuable tool for identifying the most suitable and stable Boro rice genotypes with high-yielding potential across various regions in Bangladesh, as well as under diverse conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":21726,"journal":{"name":"Scientifica","volume":"2024 ","pages":"7800747"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11239232/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141591340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytotoxic and Cytotoxic Effects, Antioxidant Potentials, and Phytochemical Constituents of <i>Stevia rebaudiana</i> Leaves.","authors":"Einstivina Nuryandani, Dedy Kurnianto, Jasmadi Jasmadi, Ardiba Rakhmi Sefrienda, Erliana Novitasari, Erni Apriyati, Yeyen Prestyaning Wanita, Siti Dewi Indrasari, Rofiq Sunaryanto, Donowati Tjokrokusumo, Alvi Yani, Indyaswan Tegar Suryaningtyas, Yusuf Andriana","doi":"10.1155/2024/2200993","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/2200993","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stevia (<i>Stevia rebaudiana</i>), recognized for its low-calorie, sugar-free attributes, and various health benefits, has potential applications beyond human consumption, particularly in agriculture. This study explored the potential uses of Stevia in both agricultural and healthcare contexts by examining its plant-inhibitory, cytotoxic, and antioxidant effects. The methanolic extract of Stevia leaves was fractionated into hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and water fractions. These fractions were then subjected to the bioassay analyses above and underwent identification of their chemical constituents. The results indicated that the ethyl acetate fraction demonstrated significant inhibitory effects on weed germination and growth of Beggars tick (<i>Bidens frondosa</i>) (100% inhibition at 1000 ppm of dose). This fraction also exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, total phenolic, and total flavonoid contents (IC₅₀ DPPH = 18.67 <i>μ</i>g/mL, 103.50 mg GAE/g fraction, and 410.16 mg QE/g fraction, respectively). In contrast, the chloroform fraction showed the highest cytotoxic effect (LC₅₀ = 700.01 ppm) in the brine shrimp (<i>Artemia salina</i>) mortality evaluation. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation among plant inhibitory effects, antioxidant potentials, and phenolic/flavonoid contents of Stevia. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of phenols and nonpolar components in the ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions. In addition, GC-MS analysis successfully identified Stevia's key constituents, including tetracontane, hexadecane, hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester in the ethyl acetate fraction, and spiro [4.5] decan-7-one and 6-hydroxy-4,4,7a-trimethyl-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydrobenzofuran-2(4H)-one in the chloroform fraction. This study underscores the potential of <i>S. rebaudiana</i> as a source of natural antioxidants and herbicides, offering valuable insights into its diverse applications in agriculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":21726,"journal":{"name":"Scientifica","volume":"2024 ","pages":"2200993"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11227942/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141555463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimalarial and Immunomodulatory Activities of <i>Tithonia diversifolia</i> (Asteraceae) Leave Flafonoids-Rich Extract Used in Cameroonian Traditional Medecine.","authors":"Ntonifor Helen Ngum, Ndoah Ellen Masakebenagha, Oumar Mahamat","doi":"10.1155/2024/8645178","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/8645178","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Phytochemicals are considered the reliable source for the treatment of infection including malaria. Especially, phenols are known as potentially toxic to the growth and development of pathogens, among which flavonoids are the most extensively studied and play more intensive roles in ethnopharmacology. The immunological effect and role of <i>T. diversifolia</i> flavonoids-rich extract in treatment of malaria have therefore been examined in this study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong><i>In vitro</i> test against <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> and 4-day suppressive and Rane's tests against <i>Plasmodium berghei</i> in mice were used to evaluate the antimalarial activities. TNF-<i>α</i> and INF-<i>γ</i> levels, phagocytic tests, and production of oxygen and nitrogen radical were assessed to appreciate the immunomodulatory activity. One-way analysis of variance followed by post hoc Student's <i>t</i> tests was used for data analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>T. diversifolia</i> flavonoids-rich extract at the concentrations ranging from 0.0004 mg/ml significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner the growth of trophozoite up to 100% inhibition with 0.025 mg/ml at 24 and 48 hrs. Moreover, <i>T. diversifolia</i> flavonoids-rich extract reduced the level of parasitemia and improved in a dose-dependent manner the survival time of infected mice significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) compared to their control in 4-day suppressive test as well as in Rane's test. Additionally, <i>T. diversifolia</i> flavonoids-rich extract increased the TNF-<i>α</i> and INF-<i>γ</i> levels in rats infected by <i>P. berghei</i>. Furthermore, the flavonoid-rich extract enhanced weight of spleen in the rats, the metabolic and phagocytic activities of the peritoneal cells, and the concentration of nitric oxide and oxygen radicals in methylprednisolone-immunocompromised rats compared to the control (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study has revealed that <i>T. diversifolia</i> flavonoids-rich extract through its antiplasmodial and phagocytic activities is a promising treatment of malaria.</p>","PeriodicalId":21726,"journal":{"name":"Scientifica","volume":"2024 ","pages":"8645178"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11221963/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141498922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}