Scripta Scientifica Medica最新文献

{"title":"Modern diagnostic techniques implemented at the audiovestibular laboratory of the University Medical and Dental Center, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Varna","authors":"M. Milkov, M. Stoykov, S. Peev","doi":"10.14748/SSM.V0I0.7848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/SSM.V0I0.7848","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction The audiovestibular laboratory of the University Medical and Dental Center in the Faculty of Dental Medicine was established in 2020. Its purpose is diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of hearing, balance and sleep disorders of patients of all ages. It was set up thanks to the joint efforts of the academic management of the Medical University of Varna and the Faculty of Dental Medicine. The audiovestibular laboratory is equipped with the most modern and up-to-date electrophysiological diagnostic and rehabilitation devices. Since 2015, MU-Varna has conducted a number of interdisciplinary forums with international participation on the topics of audiological and vestibular disorders, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), newborn hearing screening. The audiovestibular laboratory works in close relationship with laboratories in the field situated in Europe, USA, the Russian Federation, Asia, and Australia. Materials and Methods The most important features of the different diagnostic systems will be briefly summarized in the following text, so as to express the specific diagnostic options they provide clinicians with. Discussion Different diagnostic features of the systems used are described, pointing out the features of the most frequently used ones. Conclusion Patients should be given different, adequate and clear diagnostic solutions. Universities play an important role in becoming centers for providing full medical care—diagnostics, treatment, and rehabilitation in the specific field of medicine.","PeriodicalId":21710,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Scientifica Medica","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91322851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facial nerve schwannoma presenting as mixed hearing loss, tinnitus, and dizziness","authors":"V. Marcelli, F. Piazza","doi":"10.14748/SSM.V0I0.7844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/SSM.V0I0.7844","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Facial nerve involvement in skull base tumors is quite a common finding. However, facial nerve tumors are rare. Facial nerve schwannomas can be observed in 75% of facial nerve tumors. They are slowly growing, benign tumors that can arise from any segment of the facial nerve—from the cerebellopontine angle to the parotid gland. The most common clinical presentation in patients with an intratemporal schwannoma is a slowly progressing facial nerve dysfunction. Less frequently, a fluctuating or a sudden facial nerve weakness can be seen. Hearing loss, tinnitus, and dizziness can also be observed in facial nerve schwannomas. Hearing loss can be conductive, sensorineural or mixed, depending on the size and site of the tumor that can extend into the middle ear or erode the cochlea. Tumors of the internal auditory canal or of the cerebellopontine angle usually lead to a retrocochlear sensorineural hearing loss. Case Presentation: The authors present the case of a 19-year-old man suffering from a left-sided hearing loss, tinnitus and dizziness without any facial nerve dysfunction. Results: The patient underwent computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with gadolinium to investigate the middle ear and internal auditory canal. A left facial nerve schwannoma, involving the geniculated ganglion, was diagnosed. Conclusion: Even if the most common symptoms of facial nerve schwannomas are facial nerve-related symptoms, we should always keep in mind that hearing-related and equilibrium-related symptoms can be the first presenting symptoms.","PeriodicalId":21710,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Scientifica Medica","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87880738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trigeminal neuralgia: updated management","authors":"J. Magnan, B. Parikh, Pradeep Vundavalli","doi":"10.14748/SSM.V0I0.7846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/SSM.V0I0.7846","url":null,"abstract":"The so-called idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia is easily diagnosed by the clinical history of the patient and present a constant cause, a neurovascular conflict in the cerebellopontine angle in the majority of cases, which is clearly identified by MRI assessment. Knowing the cause, after a trial period with a medical treatment, a curative surgical solution can be now offered to the patient when the medications do not provide a pain-free result or when the patients wish a more definitive solution. Combining the use of both operating microscope and endoscope increases the efficiency of the neurovascular decompression and decreases drastically the potential morbidity of the surgical procedure. From 355 patients suffering of trigeminal neuralgia who underwent endoscope-assisted retrosigmoid approach, the authors present their experiences and results.","PeriodicalId":21710,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Scientifica Medica","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81071286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vestibular and acoustic dysfunction in patients with early stages of vestibular schwannoma","authors":"Dmytro Zabolotnу, O. Borysenko, N. Mishchanchuk, T. Shevtsova, M. Buracovschi","doi":"10.14748/SSM.V0I0.7845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/SSM.V0I0.7845","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Vestibular schwannoma (VS) is known to be a benign tumor. It develops from the Schwann cells in the vestibular portion of the VIII nerve. The causes of tumor development are not fully defined. VS is diagnosed more often in people of active age (30-60 years), mostly in women.   Aim: The aim is to study the state of vestibular and acoustic dysfunctions in patients with VS at an early stage. Materials and Methods: A total of 71 patients with MRI-verified VS at an early stage were analyzed. The 1st group consisted of 34 patients with intracanal VS, and the 2nd group included 37 patients with stage one VS. Vestibular dysfunction, including the registration of three pathological vestibular reactions vestibulo-somatic, vestibulo-sensory and vestibulo-vegetative, was studied. Acoustic dysfunction was studied using tonal, speech and suprathreshold speech audiometry, and auditory brainstem responses (ABR). Results: Unilateral or asymmetric bilateral vestibular dysfunctions have been established in all patients at the early stages of VS, which forms phantom phenomena of sensory and motor memory in the cortical structures of the brain in the form of pathological vestibulo-somatic, vestibulo-sensory and vestibulo-vegetative reactions, which are to be considered during rehabilitation. Acoustic dysfunction of different manifestations—from normal symmetrical hearing to socially adequate unilateral or asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss  of degree I-II, and significant socially inadequate sensorineural hearing loss  of degree III-IV, deafness, and also mixed hearing loss, was determined in these patients. ABR registration indicated unilateral or asymmetric delays of sound signals transferring in the brainstem structures at the early stages of VS with both normal hearing and socially adequately impaired hearing. Conclusion: Various manifestations of vestibular and acoustic dysfunctions with development of excitatory and inhibitory processes in the peripheral, brainstem, and cortical structures of the vestibular and acoustic systems were defined in all patients at the early stages of VS.","PeriodicalId":21710,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Scientifica Medica","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84178995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hearing screening of school children in the Podkarpackie Voivodeship, Poland","authors":"P. Skarżyński, W. Świerniak, D. Szuber, Natalia Czajka, H. Skarżyńśki","doi":"10.14748/SSM.V0I0.7847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/SSM.V0I0.7847","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Hearing screening is an important part of prevention. It allows early detection of hearing disorders, thus the treatment may begin early, and eliminates or minimises negative consequences. Children with hearing impairment often experience delayed speech development and cognitive abilities, which can result in learning disabilities and reduce school progress. Since 1999, the Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing in Poland has provided a hearing screening program for school-age children in the country. The main aim of the program is the early detection of hearing disorders in children starting school, and increase in the awareness among parents of hearing problems. Materials and Methods Pure-tone air-conduction hearing thresholds were obtained at 0.5–8 kHz. The results of the hearing screening examination were regarded as positive if pure-tone thresholds were higher than 20 dB HL in one or both ears at one or more of the test frequencies. The audiometric results were supplemented by questionnaires completed by the parents. There were 8,091 first-grade children from the Podkarpackie Voivodeship enrolled in the program. Results Based on the audiogram, screening showed that hearing impairment was found in 1618 children (20% of the examined children). Conclusion Our study yielded a large group of children with hearing problems. We recommend that hearing screening in primary schools should be a routine procedure within a general framework of preventive pediatric health care.","PeriodicalId":21710,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Scientifica Medica","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77302873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracheotomy in children","authors":"D. Milisavljevic, M. Stankovic, D. Stojanov, N. Djordjevic","doi":"10.14748/ssm.v0i0.7405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/ssm.v0i0.7405","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Tracheotomy is one of the most urgent procedures in medicine. It is an operative procedure that creates a surgical airway in the cervical trachea. Aim Tracheostomy refers to a surgical incision made into a trachea. Children are often considered “little people”, however, in medical sense, that is not completely true. The aim of our paper is to review the tracheostomy procedure in children. Materials and Methods In this paper, we analysed the tracheostomies in children performed in the Clinical Centre Nis (Serbia) in the five-year period from January 2015 to December 2019 inclusive. At our centre, all tracheostomies were solely performed by otolaryngologists. Results A total of 37 tracheotomies were performed in the studied period. There were 25 (67.6%) boys and 12 girls (32.4%). The main reason for this relatively low tracheostomy count in our study is because our practitioners are usually performing tracheostomies only in children that require urgent care. All chronic or complicated cases, if they are stable enough to transport, are referred to a higher specialised institution in Belgrade, Serbia. The youngest was a newborn, not older than 1 hour, and the oldest was 17 years old. We divided them into groups according to the age. There were 5 (13.5%) neonates, 25 (67.6%) infants, 3 (8.1%) preschoolers, 2 (5.4%) school-aged children, and 2 (5.4%) adolescents. This is in concurrence with other studies, where authors reported that the highest number of tracheostomies (around 65–70%) were performed before 1 year of age. In most cases, indication for tracheostomies were upper airway obstructions (n = 35, 94.6%). Prolonged orotracheal intubation (n = 1, 2.7%), and protective tracheostomy (n = 1, 2.7%) were the causes in the other two cases. Conclusion While researching the literature for this paper we found that there is little standardisation associated with tracheostomy, even though it is a procedure that is performed regularly all over the globe. There is evidence that there is a disparity in opinions not only among the practitioners in different countries, but in individual countries as well. With the increasing number of patients that require tracheostomy, we find that this topic should be addressed more carefully with the attempt to establish the best way of action for this procedure, and with that, lower the complication and mortality rates.","PeriodicalId":21710,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Scientifica Medica","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81533949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Aronia melanocarpa fruit juice on carrageenan-induced paw edema in metabolic syndrome rats","authors":"Mehmed Abtulov, Vasilena Kuzmanova, Atanas Kuzmanov, Simeon Todorov, D. Pavlov, K. Kuzmanov, M. Todorova, M. Eftimov, S. Gancheva, M. Zhelyazkova-Savova, S. Valcheva-Kuzmanova","doi":"10.14748/SSM.V0I0.7724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/SSM.V0I0.7724","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Chronic, low-grade inflammation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome (MS). Aronia melanocarpa fruits are rich in biologically active compounds—polyphenols, which possess a variety of health benefits including an anti-inflammatory effect. AIM: The aim of this article is to evaluate the effect of polyphenol-rich Aronia melanocarpa fruit juice (AMFJ) on carrageenan-induced acute inflammation in rats with diet-induced MS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty male Wistar rats were included in the experiment. They were allocated into 4 groups: MS, MS+AMFJ 2.5 , MS+AMFJ 5 , and MS+AMFJ 10, all receiving high-fat high-fructose diet and 10% fructose in the drinking water for 10 weeks. The MS group served as a control and was treated daily with distilled water orally, while the other groups received AMFJ at doses of 2.5 mL/kg, 5 mL/kg, and 10 mL/kg, respectively. At the end of the experiment, carrageenan was injected in the left hind paw in order to induce acute inflammation. Paw edema was evaluated with plethysmometer on the 30 th min and 1 st , 2 nd , 3 rd , 4 th , and 5 th hour after the injection. RESULTS: In the MS group, the carrageenan-induced paw edema increased gradually with time reaching the highest value on the 5 th hour. A decrease throughout the whole 5-hour period was observed in groups treated with AMFJ, the effect being most pronounced and statistically significant in MS+AMFJ 5 group on the 2 nd and 3 rd hour. CONCLUSION: Aronia melanocarpa fruit juice treatment in rats with MS resulted in a decrease in the carrageenan-induced paw inflammation. The anti-inflammatory effect might be attributed to the polyphenols in AMFJ.","PeriodicalId":21710,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Scientifica Medica","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75613087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transplantation in ophthalmology—single-center perspectives","authors":"D. Grupchev, Antoniya Barbukova","doi":"10.14748/SSM.V0I0.7500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/SSM.V0I0.7500","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Corneal and amniotic membrane transplantations are the most frequently performed transplantations in the world. Amniotic membrane transplantation demonstrates very high efficiency in the management of the ocular surface damaged by disease or trauma. AIM: The goal of the current study is to prospectively follow and analyze the tendency in ocular transplantation in a single center in Bulgaria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A group of 206 patients were recruited in total for a period of three years. Of them 28 had corneal transplantation and 158 had amniotic membrane transplantation. Corneal transplant patients were pre-registered on the waiting list and operated as emergency cases due to the short period of time in which the corneal material preserves best quality. Patients for amniotic membrane were planned in general, but 1/3 were operated as a matter of emergency (102 planned and 56 urgent). The procedures were performed following the standard protocols. RESULTS: The results outline the role of amniotic membrane as a follow-up treatment in 1/3 of the cases. After emergency transplantation of amniotic membrane, 12 cases underwent re-operation—corneal transplantation, and 11 received a planned second amniotic membrane transplant. These findings also highlight the main advantage of amniotic membrane—absence of graft rejection and possibility for unlimited re-grafting. Another highlight is the larger number of corneal dystrophies, which underscores the benefits of amniotic membrane transplantation not only for comfort but also for visual improvement. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, amniotic membrane transplantation in Bulgaria follows the international standards, however, corneal transplantation requires revision including the legal regulations, eye bank protocols, and end-user approaches. In the future, tissue engineering will contribute to the provision of more tissue and facilitation of complicated restauration surgeries of the damaged ocular","PeriodicalId":21710,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Scientifica Medica","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83900450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beneficial effects of polyphenols in metabolic syndrome—a review","authors":"Mehmed Abtulov, S. Valcheva-Kuzmanova","doi":"10.14748/SSM.V0I0.7578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/SSM.V0I0.7578","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Polyphenols (PPs) are plant-derived chemical compounds bearing one or more phenolic rings. The most commonly presented dietary PPs include anthocyanins, flavonols, flavanols and phenolic acids. Studies have shown that polyphenols exert a variety of actions including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiproliferative, cancer protective, cardioprotective, lipid-lowering, and glucose-lowering. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a global health issue associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and certain types of cancer. AIM: The purpose of this paper is to summarize the current knowledge about the beneficial effects of different polyphenols on the clinical manifestations of metabolic syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Literature in PubMed, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect has been studied and analyzed. RESULTS: Most data about the beneficial effects of polyphenols is derived from preclinical studies. The clinical trials involving polyphenolic compounds in subjects with MetS are limited, comprise a small number of participants, and the duration is short. CONCLUSION: Numerous studies show promising effects of polyphenols in improving the biochemical and clinical abnormalities associated with metabolic syndrome but larger, more precise, better controlled clinical trials are necessary to reveal their benefits in clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":21710,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Scientifica Medica","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81360762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pleomorphic adenoma of the palpebra: a histopathological case report","authors":"Ina Kobakova, Hristo Popov, E. Softova, S. Spasova, G. Stoyanov","doi":"10.14748/SSM.V0I0.7563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14748/SSM.V0I0.7563","url":null,"abstract":"Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is a benign glandular tumor, originating most commonly from the parotid gland. Other rare locations for PA are the breast, lung, lacrimal glands, etc. PA originating from other exocrine glands such as the glands of Moll in the palpebra are extremely rare. Herein we report a case report of a 66-year-old female patient with such PA, excised due to vision impediment, with a discussion on the histological aspects and diagnostic and management approaches of PA in this rare location.","PeriodicalId":21710,"journal":{"name":"Scripta Scientifica Medica","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81201923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}