Seminars in Immunopathology最新文献

{"title":"Revisiting transplant immunology through the lens of single-cell technologies.","authors":"Arianna Barbetta, Brittany Rocque, Deepika Sarode, Johanna Ascher Bartlett, Juliet Emamaullee","doi":"10.1007/s00281-022-00958-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00281-022-00958-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Solid organ transplantation (SOT) is the standard of care for end-stage organ disease. The most frequent complication of SOT involves allograft rejection, which may occur via T cell- and/or antibody-mediated mechanisms. Diagnosis of rejection in the clinical setting requires an invasive biopsy as there are currently no reliable biomarkers to detect rejection episodes. Likewise, it is virtually impossible to identify patients who exhibit operational tolerance and may be candidates for reduced or complete withdrawal of immunosuppression. Emerging single-cell technologies, including cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF), imaging mass cytometry, and single-cell RNA sequencing, represent a new opportunity for deep characterization of pathogenic immune populations involved in both allograft rejection and tolerance in clinical samples. These techniques enable examination of both individual cellular phenotypes and cell-to-cell interactions, ultimately providing new insights into the complex pathophysiology of allograft rejection. However, working with these large, highly dimensional datasets requires expertise in advanced data processing and analysis using computational biology techniques. Machine learning algorithms represent an optimal strategy to analyze and create predictive models using these complex datasets and will likely be essential for future clinical application of patient level results based on single-cell data. Herein, we review the existing literature on single-cell techniques in the context of SOT.</p>","PeriodicalId":21704,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Immunopathology","volume":"45 1","pages":"91-109"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9386203/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9233634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-cell high-dimensional imaging mass cytometry: one step beyond in oncology.","authors":"Yaël Glasson,&nbsp;Laure-Agnès Chépeaux,&nbsp;Anne-Sophie Dumé,&nbsp;Virginie Lafont,&nbsp;Julien Faget,&nbsp;Nathalie Bonnefoy,&nbsp;Henri-Alexandre Michaud","doi":"10.1007/s00281-022-00978-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-022-00978-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Solid tumors have a dynamic ecosystem in which malignant and non-malignant (endothelial, stromal, and immune) cell types constantly interact. Importantly, the abundance, localization, and functional orientation of each cell component within the tumor microenvironment vary significantly over time and in response to treatment. Such intratumoral heterogeneity influences the tumor course and its sensitivity to treatments. Recently, high-dimensional imaging mass cytometry (IMC) has been developed to explore the tumor ecosystem at the single-cell level. In the last years, several studies demonstrated that IMC is a powerful tool to decipher the tumor complexity. In this review, we summarize the potential of this technology and how it may be useful for cancer research (from preclinical to clinical studies).</p>","PeriodicalId":21704,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Immunopathology","volume":"45 1","pages":"17-28"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9812013/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9081607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-cell RNA-seq methods to interrogate virus-host interactions.","authors":"Kalani Ratnasiri, Aaron J Wilk, Madeline J Lee, Purvesh Khatri, Catherine A Blish","doi":"10.1007/s00281-022-00972-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00281-022-00972-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The twenty-first century has seen the emergence of many epidemic and pandemic viruses, with the most recent being the SARS-CoV-2-driven COVID-19 pandemic. As obligate intracellular parasites, viruses rely on host cells to replicate and produce progeny, resulting in complex virus and host dynamics during an infection. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), by enabling broad and simultaneous profiling of both host and virus transcripts, represents a powerful technology to unravel the delicate balance between host and virus. In this review, we summarize technological and methodological advances in scRNA-seq and their applications to antiviral immunity. We highlight key scRNA-seq applications that have enabled the understanding of viral genomic and host response heterogeneity, differential responses of infected versus bystander cells, and intercellular communication networks. We expect further development of scRNA-seq technologies and analytical methods, combined with measurements of additional multi-omic modalities and increased availability of publicly accessible scRNA-seq datasets, to enable a better understanding of viral pathogenesis and enhance the development of antiviral therapeutics strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":21704,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Immunopathology","volume":"45 1","pages":"71-89"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9684776/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9730561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroimaging is the new \"spatial omic\": multi-omic approaches to neuro-inflammation and immuno-thrombosis in acute ischemic stroke.","authors":"Benjamin Maïer, Amy S Tsai, Jakob F Einhaus, Jean-Philippe Desilles, Benoît Ho-Tin-Noé, Benjamin Gory, Marina Sirota, Richard Leigh, Robin Lemmens, Gregory Albers, Jean-Marc Olivot, Mikael Mazighi, Brice Gaudillière","doi":"10.1007/s00281-023-00984-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00281-023-00984-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ischemic stroke (IS) is the leading cause of acquired disability and the second leading cause of dementia and mortality. Current treatments for IS are primarily focused on revascularization of the occluded artery. However, only 10% of patients are eligible for revascularization and 50% of revascularized patients remain disabled at 3 months. Accumulating evidence highlight the prognostic significance of the neuro- and thrombo-inflammatory response after IS. However, several randomized trials of promising immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory drugs failed to show positive results. Insufficient understanding of inter-patient variability in the cellular, functional, and spatial organization of the inflammatory response to IS likely contributed to the failure to translate preclinical findings into successful clinical trials. The inflammatory response to IS involves complex interactions between neuronal, glial, and immune cell subsets across multiple immunological compartments, including the blood-brain barrier, the meningeal lymphatic vessels, the choroid plexus, and the skull bone marrow. Here, we review the neuro- and thrombo-inflammatory responses to IS. We discuss how clinical imaging and single-cell omic technologies have refined our understanding of the spatial organization of pathobiological processes driving clinical outcomes in patients with an IS. We also introduce recent developments in machine learning statistical methods for the integration of multi-omic data (biological and radiological) to identify patient-specific inflammatory states predictive of IS clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":21704,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Immunopathology","volume":"45 1","pages":"125-143"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10026385/pdf/nihms-1882345.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9141535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing the n+1 dimensions of single-cell omics data for the prediction and prevention of human diseases.","authors":"Dyani Gaudilliere, Brice Gaudilliere","doi":"10.1007/s00281-023-00985-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00281-023-00985-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21704,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Immunopathology","volume":"45 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10047610/pdf/nihms-1882348.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9555597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"T-cell surveillance of the human brain in health and multiple sclerosis.","authors":"Joost Smolders,&nbsp;Marvin M van Luijn,&nbsp;Cheng-Chih Hsiao,&nbsp;Jörg Hamann","doi":"10.1007/s00281-022-00926-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-022-00926-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Circulating and tissue-resident T cells collaborate in the protection of tissues against harmful infections and malignant transformation but also can instigate autoimmune reactions. Similar roles for T cells in the brain have been less evident due to the compartmentized organization of the central nervous system (CNS). In recent years, beneficial as well as occasional, detrimental effects of T-cell-targeting drugs in people with early multiple sclerosis (MS) have increased interest in T cells patrolling the CNS. Next to studies focusing on T cells in the cerebrospinal fluid, phenotypic characteristics of T cells located in the perivascular space and the meninges as well as in the parenchyma in MS lesions have been reported. We here summarize the current knowledge about T cells infiltrating the healthy and MS brain and argue that understanding the dynamics of physiological CNS surveillance by T cells is likely to improve the understanding of pathological conditions, such as MS.</p>","PeriodicalId":21704,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Immunopathology","volume":"44 6","pages":"855-867"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9708786/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10334127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment of tissue-resident immune populations in the fetus.","authors":"Dorien Feyaerts,&nbsp;Christopher Urbschat,&nbsp;Brice Gaudillière,&nbsp;Ina A Stelzer","doi":"10.1007/s00281-022-00931-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-022-00931-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The immune system establishes during the prenatal period from distinct waves of stem and progenitor cells and continuously adapts to the needs and challenges of early postnatal and adult life. Fetal immune development not only lays the foundation for postnatal immunity but establishes functional populations of tissue-resident immune cells that are instrumental for fetal immune responses amidst organ growth and maturation. This review aims to discuss current knowledge about the development and function of tissue-resident immune populations during fetal life, focusing on the brain, lung, and gastrointestinal tract as sites with distinct developmental trajectories. While recent progress using system-level approaches has shed light on the fetal immune landscape, further work is required to describe precise roles of prenatal immune populations and their migration and adaptation to respective organ environments. Defining points of prenatal susceptibility to environmental challenges will support the search for potential therapeutic targets to positively impact postnatal health.</p>","PeriodicalId":21704,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Immunopathology","volume":"44 6","pages":"747-766"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9067556/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10339958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunization of preterm infants: current evidence and future strategies to individualized approaches.","authors":"Mats Ingmar Fortmann, Johannes Dirks, Sybelle Goedicke-Fritz, Johannes Liese, Michael Zemlin, Henner Morbach, Christoph Härtel","doi":"10.1007/s00281-022-00957-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00281-022-00957-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Preterm infants are at particularly high risk for infectious diseases. As this vulnerability extends beyond the neonatal period into childhood and adolescence, preterm infants benefit greatly from infection-preventive measures such as immunizations. However, there is an ongoing discussion about vaccine safety and efficacy due to preterm infants' distinct immunological features. A significant proportion of infants remains un- or under-immunized when discharged from primary hospital stay. Educating health care professionals and parents, promoting maternal immunization and evaluating the potential of new vaccination tools are important means to reduce the overall burden from infectious diseases in preterm infants. In this narrative review, we summarize the current knowledge about vaccinations in premature infants. We discuss the specificities of early life immunity and memory function, including the role of polyreactive B cells, restricted B cell receptor diversity and heterologous immunity mediated by a cross-reactive T cell repertoire. Recently, mechanistic studies indicated that tissue-resident memory (Trm) cell populations including T cells, B cells and macrophages are already established in the fetus. Their role in human early life immunity, however, is not yet understood. Tissue-resident memory T cells, for example, are diminished in airway tissues in neonates as compared to older children or adults. Hence, the ability to make specific recall responses after secondary infectious stimulus is hampered, a phenomenon that is transcriptionally regulated by enhanced expression of T-bet. Furthermore, the microbiome establishment is a dominant factor to shape resident immunity at mucosal surfaces, but it is often disturbed in the context of preterm birth. The proposed function of Trm T cells to remember benign interactions with the microbiome might therefore be reduced which would contribute to an increased risk for sustained inflammation. An improved understanding of Trm interactions may determine novel targets of vaccination, e.g., modulation of T-bet responses and facilitate more individualized approaches to protect preterm babies in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":21704,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Immunopathology","volume":"44 6","pages":"767-784"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9362650/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10334646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human T lymphocytes at tumor sites.","authors":"Samuele Notarbartolo, Sergio Abrignani","doi":"10.1007/s00281-022-00970-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00281-022-00970-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T lymphocytes mediate most of the adaptive immune response against tumors. Naïve T lymphocytes specific for tumor antigens are primed in lymph nodes by dendritic cells. Upon activation, antigen-specific T cells proliferate and differentiate into effector cells that migrate out of peripheral blood into tumor sites in an attempt to eliminate cancer cells. After accomplishing their function, most effector T cells die in the tissue, while a small fraction of antigen-specific T cells persist as long-lived memory cells, circulating between peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues, to generate enhanced immune responses when re-encountering the same antigen. A subset of memory T cells, called resident memory T (T_RM) cells, stably resides in non-lymphoid peripheral tissues and may provide rapid immunity independently of T cells recruited from blood. Being adapted to the tissue microenvironment, T_RM cells are potentially endowed with the best features to protect against the reemergence of cancer cells. However, when tumors give clinical manifestation, it means that tumor cells have evaded immune surveillance, including that of T_RM cells. Here, we review the current knowledge as to how T_RM cells are generated during an immune response and then maintained in non-lymphoid tissues. We then focus on what is known about the role of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T_RM cells in antitumor immunity and their possible contribution to the efficacy of immunotherapy. Finally, we highlight some open questions in the field and discuss how new technologies may help in addressing them.</p>","PeriodicalId":21704,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Immunopathology","volume":"44 6","pages":"883-901"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9668216/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9461274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tissue-resident immunity in the female and male reproductive tract.","authors":"Dennis Yüzen,&nbsp;Petra Clara Arck,&nbsp;Kristin Thiele","doi":"10.1007/s00281-022-00934-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-022-00934-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The conception of how the immune system is organized has been significantly challenged over the last years. It became evident that not all lymphocytes are mobile and recirculate through secondary lymphoid organs. Instead, subsets of immune cells continuously reside in tissues until being reactivated, e.g., by a recurring pathogen or other stimuli. Consequently, the concept of tissue-resident immunity has emerged, and substantial evidence is now available to support its pivotal function in maintaining tissue homeostasis, sensing challenges and providing antimicrobial protection. Surprisingly, insights on tissue-resident immunity in the barrier tissues of the female reproductive tract are sparse and only slowly emerging. The need for protection from vaginal and amniotic infections, the uniqueness of periodic tissue shedding and renewal of the endometrial barrier tissue, and the demand for a tailored decidual immune adaptation during pregnancy highlight that tissue-resident immunity may play a crucial role in distinct compartments of the female reproductive tract. This review accentuates the characteristics of tissue-resident immune cells in the vagina, endometrium, and the decidua during pregnancy and discusses their functional role in modulating the risk for infertility, pregnancy complications, infections, or cancer. We here also review data published to date on tissue-resident immunity in the male reproductive organs, which is still a largely uncharted territory.</p>","PeriodicalId":21704,"journal":{"name":"Seminars in Immunopathology","volume":"44 6","pages":"785-799"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9053558/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10711137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}