Cancer Urology最新文献

{"title":"External beam radiotherapy in treatment of high-volume metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer: clinical case","authors":"V. Shirokorad","doi":"10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-3-104-112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-3-104-112","url":null,"abstract":"The standard treatment for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer does not include external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and radionuclide therapy with radium-223.The article describes a clinical case of successful use of EBRT and radionuclide therapy with radium-223 in a patient with primary high-volume metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer.The patient  received diagnosis of prostate cancer сT3bN1M1b (Gleason score 8 (4 + 4)), stage IV (metastases in the bones, extraperitoneal and intrathoracic lymph nodes; prostate specific antigen (PSA) level was 4280 ng/mL). Between October of 2017 and January of 2018, the patient received 6 cycles of chemohormonal therapy (degarelix + docetaxel). Bilateral orchiectomy was performed on 05.02.2018, and the patient underwent palliative EBRT on cervical vertebrae between 04.10.2017 and 19.10.2017 with total dose of 32.6 Gy (equivalent to 38.5 Gy). The patient received systemic radiotherapy with one injection of samarium oxabifor (153Sm) 40 mCi (21.03.2018) and radium-223 (4 injections once a month (17.04.2018, 15.05.2018, 14.06.2018, 10.07.2018) + 2 injections 1 time per 3 months (October 2018, January 2019)). Partial response was achieved in the form of PSA decrease from 4280 ng/mL (September 2017) to 0.505 ng/mL (May 2019). Palliative EBRT for the prostate and pelvis was performed between 14.11.2018 and 19.12.2018 for total dose of 62.5 Gy (equivalent to 69 Gy). For 2 years remission was observed with PSA level of 0.3–0.5 ng/mL. In December of 2020, biochemical recurrence was diagnosed: PSA level increased from 0.61 ng/mL in October to 1.43 ng/mL on  28.12.2020.  The  second  course  of  radionuclide  therapy  with  radium-223  5,500  MBq/mL  was  performed  (22.01.2021, 05.03.2021, 02.04.2021) with increase of PSA level to 1.92 ng/mL (May of 2021) and independent decrease to 0.542 ng/mL (June of 2022). In December of 2022, biochemical recurrence was observed with a small increase of PSA level to 1.67 ng/mL. Currently, the disease is stabilized.","PeriodicalId":216890,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Urology","volume":"2 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139276446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of the article “Acute kidney injury and its predictors in surgery of malignant kidney tumors”","authors":"D. Perlin","doi":"10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-3-29-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-3-29-30","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>.</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":216890,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Urology","volume":"16 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139277367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of the article “Laparoscopic extraperitoneal radical cystoprostatectomy: for whom and how?”","authors":"A. K. Nosov","doi":"10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-3-79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-3-79","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>.</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":216890,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Urology","volume":"59 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139276849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The practical significance of using Canephron N medication for radiation cystitis prevention in patients undergoing radiation/chemoradiation therapy","authors":"N. V. Korotkikh, I. Moshurov, O. V. Andreeva, D. O. Zagryadskaya, V. A. Andreev, I. N. Kulikova, D. Kamenev","doi":"10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-3-126-132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-3-126-132","url":null,"abstract":"Background. With increasing life expectancy in cervical cancer patients, new medical and social problems associated with radiation therapy become apparent.  The combination of radiation therapy and chemotherapy is an important therapeutic component in treatment of malignant neoplasms of the genital area in women, but the frequency and severity of side effects has been increasing. Radiation complications occur in 20–50 % of patients.  In 5 % of patients, they can represent a severe and potentially life-threatening condition. Prevention of negative effects on the genitourinary system in cervical cancer patients receiving radiation therapy on the pelvis is a matter of importance.Aim. To evaluate the clinical efficacy of a phytotherapeutic  preparation Canephron  N containing centaury, lovage root, rosemary leaves in the prevention of radiation cystitis during chemoradiotherapy in patients with advanced cervical cancer.Materials and methods. The study included 60 patients with locally advanced cervical cancer receiving radical chemoradiotherapy. The patients were divided into 2 groups: treatment  group consisting of patients receiving phytotherapeutic preparation Canephron N for prevention of radiation complications, and control group consisting of patients not receiving symptomatic treatment.  The treatment results were evaluated using questionnaires, clinical, laboratory and instrumental studies. The obtained data were compared with the results of treatment of the control group which were not prescribed a medication for prevention of urological complications.Results and conclusion. The use of Canephron N in accompanying therapy had significantly decreased the risk and incidence of radiation cystitis.","PeriodicalId":216890,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Urology","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139277110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of using novel antitumor drugs in adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma on reducing cancer mortality in Russia","authors":"N. Avxentyev, B. Y. Alekseev, I. I. Andreyashkina, Y. Makarova","doi":"10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-3-80-93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-3-80-93","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Standard first-line therapy options for patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC) is platinum-based chemotherapy. Currently,  patients  also have access to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) such as pembrolizumab, nivolumab, and atezolizumab, along with avelumab, which, unlike other drugs in this class, can be used as maintenance therapy after first-line platinum-based chemotherapy.Aim. To evaluate the effects of using ICIs in treating adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic UC on reducing overall and one-year cancer mortality in Russia.Materials and methods.  A mathematical model based on overall survival and progression-free survival data from clinical trials has been proposed. This model describes duration of therapy and treatment outcomes for cases of treatment without ICIs (routine clinical practice); with pembrolizumab, nivolumab, and atezolizumab in first and second-line therapy according to real-life clinical practice (current practice); and with avelumab as maintenance  therapy after platinum-based chemotherapy (proposed practice) over a 3-year period. The model was used to estimate the number of lives saved and healthcare system costs when transitioning from historical to current practice, and from current to proposed practice over a three-year horizon, considering the number of locally advanced or metastatic UC patients who may start platinum-based therapy annually in Russia.Results. Annually, up to 4,182 patients with locally advanced or metastatic UC in Russia can start platinum-based chemotherapy. Compared to  historical  practice, the  use of pembrolizumab, nivolumab, and atezolizumab in the  first and second lines of therapy in accordance with the routine clinical practice allows to reduce mortality from malignant neoplasms by 553 cases over a 3-year horizon. Over the same period, avelumab-based treatment  would additionally save 2,506 lives. Moreover, the cost of saving one life with the use of avelumab amounts to 6.0 million rubles, which is 9 % lower than the cost of saving one life with the use of other ICIs (6.6 million rubles).Conclusion. The use of avelumab as maintenance therapy after platinum-based chemotherapy in the 1st line in patients with locally advanced or metastatic UC has a significant and quantifiable impact on reducing cancer-related mortality in Russia.","PeriodicalId":216890,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Urology","volume":"76 896 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139277661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of artificial intelligence in diagnostic cystoscopy of bladder cancer","authors":"T. A. Sadulaeva, L. A. Edilgireeva, M. B. Bimurzaeva, A. Morozov","doi":"10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-2-148-152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-2-148-152","url":null,"abstract":"Background. At the current stage of science and technology development, artificial intelligence (AI) is being actively developed and gradually introduced into the healthcare system.Aim. To perform a literature review to assess the diagnostic value of AI in the detection of bladder cancer at the cystoscopy stage.Materials and methods. We carried out a bibliographic search of articles in Medline and Embase databases using the keywords “artificial intelligence”, “cystoscopy”, “TURBT”.Results. Automated image processing based on AI can improve the accuracy of cancer diagnosis during cystoscopy. According to the studies presented in the review, the sensitivity of AI system for the detection of bladder cancer via cystoscopy can reach 89.7–95.4 %, while its specificity is 87.8–98.6 %, which exceeds the diagnostic capabilities of standard cystoscopy in white light, the sensitivity and specificity of which, according to recent investigations, are approximately 60 and 70 %, respectively. Despite the promising results of these studies, modern science is currently at the stage of developing and evaluating the performance of various AI methods used to analyze cystoscopy images. To date, it would be premature to introduce and widely use these technologies in healthcare, since there are no prospective clinical studies to assess the effectiveness of AI systems in diagnostic cystoscopy and transurethral resection of bladder cancer.Conclusion. Few studies show that AI-based cystoscopy is a promising approach to improvement of the quality of medical care for bladder cancer. Further research is needed to improve the diagnostic capabilities of AI and introduce the obtained technological data into clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":216890,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Urology","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116512912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Main epidemiological data on cases of malignant neoplasms of the bladder in Saint Petersburg in 2012–2021","authors":"S. Popov, R. Guseynov, V. Khizha, A. N. Yazenok, K. V. Sivak, E. Pomeshkin, V. V. Perepelitsa, N. S. Bunenkov, T. Lelyavina","doi":"10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-2-133-145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-2-133-145","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Bladder cancer is the most common malignancy of the urinary tract and one of the most common neoplasias in this group. The incidence and mortality rates of the population from bladder cancer differ significantly in different geographical regions of Russia.Aim. To assess the main epidemiological indicators of malignant neoplasms of the bladder in residents of Saint Petersburg and the regions of Russia.Materials and methods. The main epidemiological indicators of malignant bladder neoplasms in Saint Petersburg, Russia and individual federal districts for the period 2012–2021 were studied: crude and standardized rates of morbidity, mortality, prevalence, age structure of patients, the number of cases of diagnosis of the disease at various stages, indicators of one-year mortality and 5-year survival, data on completed cases of treatment of bladder neoplasms. Sources of information: Form No. 7 “Information on cases of malignant diseases” and the database of the Medical Information and Analytical Center (Saint Petersburg).Results. During the period 2012–2021 in Russia, there was an increase in the incidence and prevalence of malignant neoplasms of the bladder. At the same time, mortality rates decreased, and 5-year survival rates increased. This fact indicates the effectiveness of the treatment of patients in this category. In more than 50 % of cases, the disease was detected at stage I of the pathological process, which is due to the proper level of diagnosis. The main medical and statistical indicators in patients with malignant bladder neoplasms in Saint Petersburg are comparable to the average Russian data, and in a number of parameters they exceed them.Conclusion. Oncourological assistance to the population with malignant neoplasms of the bladder in Saint Petersburg is provided properly. The study of medical and statistical indicators in dynamics can be used to improve the algorithms of medical and diagnostic care for cancer patients.","PeriodicalId":216890,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Urology","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123661417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomarkers determining treatment tactics in metastatic urothelial cancer","authors":"Л.Ю. Гривцова, О Б Карякин, М.Г. Сядрин, С.М. Самборский, С. А. Иванов, Андрей Каприн, L. Grivtsova, O. Karyakin, M. G. Syadrin, S. M. Samborsky, S. A. Ivanov, A. Kaprin","doi":"10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-2-111-126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-2-111-126","url":null,"abstract":"The implementation of innovative methods of drug therapy and biotherapy into clinical practice has significantly changed the treatment tactics for metastatic urothelial cancer. Currently, treatment regimens are successfully supplemented with immunotherapy (immune checkpoint inhibitors) or targeted therapy, and the effectiveness of such combinations can be quite high, but the optimal sequence of different types of drug therapy remains to be established. The development of correct algorithms using reliable biomarkers is necessary to select the correct sequence of prescribing drugs. Until now, the expression of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and changes in fibroblast growth factor receptors 1–4 (FGFR1–4) have been the fundamental markers for choosing alternative treatment regimens for metastatic urothelial cancer. At the same time, the list of useful and sufficiently informative biomarkers is expanding, and therefore we tried to summarize the available data on the known biological markers for selection of treatment tactics for metastatic urothelial cancer.","PeriodicalId":216890,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Urology","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122574676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of deep learning approaches for automated prostate segmentation: literature review","authors":"А. Э. Талышинский, Б. Г. Гулиев, Ирина Камышанская, А. И. Новиков, У Ж Жанбырбекулы, А. Э. Мамедов, И.А. Поваго, А А Андриянов, A. Talyshinskii, B. G. Guliev, I. G. Kamyshanskaya, A. I. Novikov, U. Zhanbyrbekuly, A. E. Mamedov, I. A. Povago, A. Andriyanov, A. Talyshinskii","doi":"10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-2-101-110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-2-101-110","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Delineation of the prostate boundaries represents the initial step in understanding the state of the whole organ and is mainly manually performed, which takes a long time and directly depends on the experience of the radiologists. Automated prostate selection can be carried out by various approaches, including using artificial intelligence and its subdisciplines – machine and deep learning.Aim. To reveal the most accurate deep learning-based methods for prostate segmentation on multiparametric magnetic resonance images.Materials and methods. The search was conducted in July 2022 in the PubMed database with a special clinical query (((AI) OR (machine learning)) OR (deep learning)) AND (prostate) AND (MRI). The inclusion criteria were availability of the full article, publication date no more than five years prior to the time of the search, availability of a quantitative assessment of the reconstruction accuracy by the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) calculation.Results. The search returned 521 articles, but only 24 papers including descriptions of 33 different deep learning networks for prostate segmentation were selected for the final review. The median number of cases included for artificial intelligence training was 100 with a range from 25 to 365. The optimal DSC value threshold (0.9), in which automated segmentation is only slightly inferior to manual delineation, was achieved in 21 studies.Conclusion. Despite significant achievements in the development of deep learning-based prostate segmentation algorithms, there are still problems and limitations that should be resolved before artificial intelligence can be implemented in clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":216890,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Urology","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124789822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The place of multiple primary cancers in urologic oncology","authors":"V. Shirokorad, D. G. Lupashko, L. V. Doronin","doi":"10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-2-127-132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-2-127-132","url":null,"abstract":"Background. In Russia, statistical record of multiple primary cancers has been implemented only recently, and there are few scientific publications. Multiple primary malignant neoplasms of the urologic locations are described even less in literature. The problem of multiple tumors becomes more pressing with each passing year.Aim. To perform retrospective study of statistical data on urologic multiple primary cancer from one department.Materials and methods. An analysis of retrospective data from medical histories of patients who received treatment between 1997 and 2020 in urologic oncology departments where the authors worked: Omsk Regional Oncological Dispensary (1997–2005), Moscow Oncology Clinical Hospital No. 1 (2003–2005), Moscow City Oncology Hospital No. 62 was performed.Results. During the analyzed period, 23,299 hospitalizations including repeated were registered for 19,040 patients. Year-by-year data analysis showed 1,817 patients with multiple tumors, among them 1,508 patients with multiple primary malignant tumors, one and/or more of which were urologic pathology. The most common diseases were bladder cancer (n = 631), renal cancer (n = 618), prostate cancer (n = 614). A significant number of patients (n = 125; 8.29 %) had multiple tumors in 3 or more urologic locations. Tumors of the upper urinary tract were observed in 78 patients, testicle – in 36, penis – in 22, adrenal gland – in 10, urethra – in 4. Women comprised 28.05 % (n = 423) of the patients, men – almost 72 % (n = 1,085). This patient distribution by sex reflects the fact that urologic oncology includes both tumors of the urinary tract and male sex organs.Conclusion. Currently, the questions of terminology of multiple primary tumors remain open: multiple primary, multilocular, bilateral tumors, and mixed tumors. There is a lack of understanding in definition of the border between implantation metastases and multiple primary tumors in upper tract urothelial carcinoma and bladder cancer, between metastatic or bilateral tumors in bilateral renal cell carcinoma of the same morphology, etc.","PeriodicalId":216890,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Urology","volume":"185 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133637120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}