Cancer Urology最新文献

{"title":"Biosimilars in the practice of modern oncologist","authors":"I. M. Shevchuk, A. Kalpinskiy","doi":"10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-4-176-188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-4-176-188","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, genetically engineered drugs are widely used in oncological clinical practice which has significantly increased treatment cost. One of the most effective ways to decrease cost is substitution of an innovative drug after patent expiration with a reproduced compound – biosimilar.In this article, a problem of biosimilars is actualized both worldwide and in Russia, characteristics of these products are described, and the path of the agents from the moment of reproduction through preclinical and clinical trials to introduction into real clinical practice is traced, examples of such trials are presented.The results of clinical trials of effectiveness and safety of Pembroria® in patients with various oncological pathologies are described in detail. The first data from the multicenter prospective post-marketing trial PERFECTION are presented demonstrating similar effectiveness and tolerability results for the biosimilar in a multicohort patient category compared to pembrolizumab molecule.Manufacturing of high-quality analogs and their introduction into clinical practice create a possibility to provide more patients in need with modern highly effective and safe drugs as well as increases effectiveness of the state healthcare system.","PeriodicalId":216890,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Urology","volume":"2012 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140416256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness and safety of darolutamide as a component of combination therapy in patients with prostate cancer","authors":"B. Y. Alekseev, V. M. Perepukhov, K. M. Nyushko","doi":"10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-4-167-175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-4-167-175","url":null,"abstract":"Prostate cancer is an extremely important problem in current urologic oncology. For a long time, the golden standard of treatment of common forms of prostate cancer at the stage of distant metastases was androgen deprivation therapy directed at suppression of native testosterone level. Combination treatment using long-term androgen deprivation therapy and new generation antiandrogens is currently a scientifically substantiated conceptually new standard of therapy which has replaced treatment paradigm using androgen deprivation therapy as a monotherapy in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. The article presents the results of large trials performed in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer and characterizes the role of one of the most effective and safe drugs, darolutamide, used to treat patients of this subgroup.","PeriodicalId":216890,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Urology","volume":"85 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140410261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First experience of using Pembroria® medication in patients with disseminated renal cell carcinoma","authors":"I. M. Shevchuk, N. D. Movchan","doi":"10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-4-44-51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-4-44-51","url":null,"abstract":"Background. According to the clinical guidelines from the leading Russian and international societies, treatment of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma is based on combination use of immune and targeted drugs. In December of 2022, the first Russian analogue of immune-oncological drug pembrolizumab with trade name Pembroria® was registered in Russia.Aim. To evaluate safety of the biosimilar, as well as register its effectiveness in the form of objective response estimation in accordance with the RECIST v.1.1 (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1) criteria. The article presents the results of the first experience of using Pembroria® in real clinical practice. Two clinical observations are presented demonstrating effectiveness and safety of the biosimilar.Materials and methods. At the clinic of the N. Lopatkin Scientific Research Institute of Urology and Interventional Radiology – branch of the National Medical Research Radiology Center, 21 patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma who did not previously receive systemic antitumor treatment underwent immunotarget therapy with Pembroria® and a targeted agent: lenvatinib (20 mg/day orally) or axitinib (10 mg/day orally).Results. The analysis of effectiveness considering short follow-up periods was performed in 18 patients. Median follow-up period was 6 (2–13) months and objective response rate was 50 %, in 28 % of cases stable disease was observed. Survival rates were not evaluated due to short observation time.Conclusion. Use of Pembroria® medication in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma in real clinical practice showed high objective response rate with acceptable toxicity level. No new, previously not described adverse events were registered during Pembroria® administration.","PeriodicalId":216890,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Urology","volume":"323 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140417380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and economic effectiveness of using immunotherapeutic drugs in patients with urothelial carcinoma in the healthcare system of the Russian Federation","authors":"I. S. Krysanov, E. V. Makarova, D. V. Kurkin, V. Y. Ermakova","doi":"10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-4-104-113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-4-104-113","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To perform pharmacoeconomic evaluation of chemotherapy schemes GC (gemcitabine, cisplatin) and GemCarbo (gemcitabine, carboplatin) in comparison with immunotherapy drugs atezolizumab, pembrolizumab or avelumab in patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma.Materials and methods. Pharmacoeconomic cost–effectiveness analysis, sensitivity analysis in context of changes of initial model parameters were performed.Results. Literature data analysis allows to make a conclusion of better clinical effectiveness and safety of immunotherapy drugs compared to chemotherapy in patients with urothelial carcinoma. Cost of medications was significantly lower for platinum-based chemotherapy (103,625.61 rubles for GC and 88,733.63 rubles for GemCarbo) compared to a course of immunotherapy (950,092.39 rubles for atezolizumab, 953,340.21 rubles for pembrolizumab, 1,328,999.43 rubles for GC + avelumab). However, the cost of treatment of complications arising during platinum-based chemotherapy was more than 20-fold higher than cost of treatment of immunotherapy complications: 578,853.02 rubles versus 15,336.78– 26,994.52 rubles). Cost–effectiveness analysis favored atezolizumab for which cost–effectiveness ratio was 53,230.69 rubles for 1 month of patient’s life. Atezolizumab had better value than standard 1st line GC chemotherapy by 10,671.80 rubles, as well as immunotherapy courses using pembrolizumab by 9,697.57 rubles and GC + avelumab by 10,824.66 rubles. The highest costs were observed for GemCarbo chemotherapy course: it is 18,522.82 rubles more expensive than atezolizumab course. Sensitivity analysis performed for the cost–effectiveness ratio showed stability of the developed model in regards to increased cost of atezolizumab course up to +18 % and decrease in overall survival with this course up to –15 %.Conclusion. Atezolizumab is a clinically effective and economically justified option for treatment of adults with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma and PD-L1 expression ≥5 % in the healthcare system of the Russian Federation.","PeriodicalId":216890,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Urology","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140418025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metastasis suppressor kisspeptin (KISS1) in serum of patients with renal cell carcinoma","authors":"N. E. Kushlinskii, O. Kovaleva, E. S. Gershtein, A. Alferov, Yu. B. Kuzmin, S. Bezhanova, I. A. Klimanov, N. Lyubimova, A. N. Gratchev, N. N. Zybina, V. Matveev, I. Stilidi","doi":"10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-4-24-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-4-24-31","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The most important problems in improvement of treatment outcomes in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are search and validation of molecular markers for its early diagnosis and prognosis. Genes suppressing distant metastasizing but not affecting the primary tumor are called metastasis suppressors. Study of these genes and their products not only improves understanding of the mechanisms of tumor progression, but has practical value for diagnosis, prognosis, and establishment of new molecular targets for antitumor therapy. One of such genes is KISS1 with its product kisspeptin (KISS1) protein.Aim: comparative evaluation of KISS1 concentration in blood serum of practically healthy persons and patients with renal cancer; analysis of correlations between the marker’s level and clinical and morphological characteristics of the disease.Materials and methods. 140 patients with RCC (88 men, 52 women) aged between 29 and 82 years were included in the study. Among them, clear cell RCC was diagnosed in 84 patients, papillary in 38, chromophobe in 18. The control group was comprised of 40 healthy persons of matched age and sex. Pre-treatment KISS1 concentration in blood serum was measured using a direct enzyme immunoassay kit (Kisspeptin 1 – KISS1, Cloud-Clone Corp., USA).Results. Median serum KISS1 concentration in the control group was 51.7 pg/mL which was significantly lower than in the total RCC patient group – 243.6 pg/mL (p <0.0001). ROC analysis of diagnostic value of serum KISS1 level was performed both for the total RCC group and for each of its three histological types. In the total group the sensitivity of the test was 75 %, specificity – 80 % (AUC 0.877; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.827–0.927; optimal cut-off level 130.8 pg/mL; р <0.0001). For clear cell RCC, both sensitivity and specificity were 85 % (AUC 0.941; 95 % CI 0.902– 0.979; cut-off 141.8 pg/mL; p <0.0001). In non-clear cell RCC types, sensitivity of this marker was only 58 % while the specificity remained 80 % (for papillary RCC AUC 0.787; 95 % CI 0.684–0.889; cut-off level 135.5 pg/mL; p <0.0001, and for chromophobe RCC AUC 0.774; 95 % CI 0.617–0.929; cut-off level 132.1 pg/mL; p <0.001). KISS1 level increased with disease progression: it is significantly higher at more advanced stages above stage I, and in patients with distant metastases compared to those without metastases. Higher serum KISS1 level is also observed in patients with poorly differentiated high-grade (per Furhman) clear cell RCC and papillary RCC (G3–G4) than in those with well differentiated low-grade (G1–G2) tumors.Conclusion. KISS1 level is significantly increased in patients with RCC compared to healthy controls and is a stagedependent marker of this disease. It has relatively high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity (both 85 %) for the most frequent histological type of RCC – clear cell RCC. Thus, clinical significance of kisspeptin in RCC requires further investigation.","PeriodicalId":216890,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Urology","volume":"4 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140427026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organ-preserving surgical treatment of a patient with synchronous bilateral morphologically different renal cell carcinoma, inferior vena cava tumor thrombus and pyeloureteral segment stone: clinical case","authors":"K. A. Turupaev, A. Klimov, O. Khalmurzaev, G. A. Arakelyan, D. D. Ladyko, S. Bezhanova, V. О. Vorob’eva, A. V. Smirnova, V. Matveev","doi":"10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-4-119-124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-4-119-124","url":null,"abstract":"Kidney cancer is the 3rd most common disease in oncological urology. In 4–10 % cases, tumor thrombus of the inferior vena cava is diagnosed. In literature, single-digit number of cases of organ-preserving surgical treatment of patients with kidney cancer complicated by tumor thrombus is described. The article presents a rare clinical case of synchronous bilateral morphologically different kidney cancer with tumor thrombus in the left renal vein, perirenal segment of the inferior vena cava, pyeloureteral segment stone in the right ureter.","PeriodicalId":216890,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Urology","volume":"22 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140424779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy in patients after endoscopic surgeries on the prostate","authors":"B. Guliev, D. M. Ilyin, P. V. Kharchenko, A. Talyshinskiy, O. A. Krylov","doi":"10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-4-77-85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-4-77-85","url":null,"abstract":"Background. In literature, data on the results of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) in patients after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) are contradictory.Aim. To evaluate surgical, functional, and oncological outcomes of RARP after TURP.Materials and methods. At the Urology Center of the Mariinsky Hospital (Saint Petersburg), RARP was performed on 410 patients. Among them, 28 (6.8 %) patients (1st group) previously underwent TURP due to infravesical obstruction. Among them, 18 (64.3 %) patients were diagnosed with prostate cancer after pathomorphological examination of the tissue resected during TURP, and on them RARP was performed on average 3.2 months later. In 10 (35.7 %) patients, prostate cancer was diagnosed during transrectal biopsy due to increased prostate-specific antigen level; on them RARP was performed on average 42.0 months after TURP. The following parameters were evaluated: operative time, time of bladder neck reconstruction and urethrovesical anastomosis formation, blood loss volume, tumor pathological stage, Gleason score, surgical margin status, rates of urine continence and preservation of erectile function.Results. Mean operative time was higher in the 1st group compared to the 2nd: 210 ± 36 min versus 180 ± 25 min (р <0.0001). In the 1st group compared to the 2nd, reconstruction of bladder neck was necessary more frequently (82.1 % versus 10.7 %; р <0.0001), urethrovesical anastomosis took longer time (32 ± 2.3 min versus 24.5 ± 3.1 min; р <0.0001), mean blood loss volume was higher (240 ± 39 mL versus 170 ± 32 mL; р <0.0001). Frequencies of positive surgical margin were 14.3 and 10.7 % respectively in the 1st and 2nd groups (р = 0.840). Frequencies of all complications were 28.6 and 21.4 %, respectively. Severe complications (≥IIIb grade per the Clavien classification) were observed in 2 (7.1 %) patients in both groups. Frequency of anastomosis stricture after surgery was significantly higher in the 1st group: in 2 (7.1 %) and 1 (3.6 %) case, respectively (р <0.05). In the 1st group, total urinary continence was achieved in 14 (50.0 %), 20 (71.5 %), 22 (78.5 %) and 25 (89.3 %) patients at early and 3-, 6and 12-month follow-up after RARP; in the 2nd group, it was achieved in 18 (64.3 %), 22 (78.6 %), 24 (85.7 %) and 26 (92.9 %) patients in the same follow-up periods. After 6 and 12 months, in the 1st group among 15 (53.6 %) patients with normal initial erectile function, satisfactory erectile function was preserved in 46.7 and 93.3 % of patients; in the 2nd group among 19 (67.8 %) patients, in 57.8 and 94.7 % patients, respectively.Conclusion. RARP after TURP is a relatively complicated surgical intervention with long operative time and high blood loss volume. However, functional and short-term oncological outcomes of RARP in these patients do not differ at 12 months.","PeriodicalId":216890,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Urology","volume":"26 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140425667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional outcomes of repeat kidney resection in patients with cancer recurrence after nephron-sparing surgeries","authors":"N. K. Zhumabaev, M. Komarov, A. Klimov, V. Matveev, I. Stilidi","doi":"10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-4-15-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-4-15-23","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To perform comparative analysis of functional outcomes of repeat kidney resection and radical nephrectomy in patients with local cancer recurrence after previous organ-sparing surgeries.Materials and methods. Data on 64 patients who underwent surgical treatment at the Oncourology Department of the N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology between 2000 and 2022 due to local kidney cancer recurrence after previous nephron-sparing surgeries were retrospectively and prospectively included in the study. Among these, 37 (57.8 %) patients underwent repeat kidney resection (treatment group) and 27 (42.2 %) patients underwent radical nephrectomy (control group). The groups were matched in demographic and clinical characteristics (р >0.05). Median diameter of recurrent tumor in the treatment and control groups was 2.5 and 3.0 cm, respectively (95 % confidence interval 2.0–3.0 cm; Q1–Q3 2.4–4.0 cm). This difference was statistically significant (р = 0.012), but not clinically. Median follow-up duration was 35 (3–131) months (Q1–Q3 13–57 months).Results. Repeat nephron-sparing surgeries correlated with lower decrease in kidney function compared to organ-resecting surgical treatment. In the early postoperative period, decrease in calculated glomerular filtration rate per the CKD-EPI formula compared to baseline after re-resection and nephrectomy was 16 and 32 % (р = 0.010); long-term, it was 8 ± 41 and 45 ± 22 % (р <0.001), respectively. Complication rates in the groups were similar: 21.6 and 29.6 %, respectively (р = 0.563).Conclusion. For local kidney cancer recurrence, repeat resection promotes preservation of kidney function without increased complication rate.","PeriodicalId":216890,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Urology","volume":"17 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140426801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salvage high-dose rate brachytherapy for local recurrence of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy","authors":"V. Solodkiy, A. Pavlov, A. Dzidzaria, A. D. Tsibulskii","doi":"10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-4-86-96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-4-86-96","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The current need for optimization of salvage treatment methods is dictated by the growing expansion of indications for radical prostatectomy in many centers in the developed countries of the world.Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness, toxicity, and technical characteristics of high-dose rate brachytherapy in treatment of local prostate cancer (PCa) recurrences after radical prostatectomy.Materials and methods. Between January 2015 and December 2020, salvage high-dose rate brachytherapy was performed in 17 patients at the Russian Scientific Center of Roentgenology and Radiology for local recurrence of PCa after radical prostatectomy. All patients underwent multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvis at the stage of primary diagnosis in order to determine macroscopic tissue component in the prostate bed area. To rule out regional and distant metastases, all patients underwent positron emission tomography with 18F- or 68Ga-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen. All patients included in the study underwent perineal biopsy of the prostate bed and seminal vesicles.Results. Median follow-up in the treatment group was 35.7 (24–54) months. Overall survival was 100 %. Prostatespecific antigen-specific survival was 88.2 %. There were no local recurrences of PCa in the treatment group. In patients with local PCa recurrence, significant predictors of treatment failure were the presence of clinically extremely high risk of progression at initial diagnosis (p = 0.003), development of biochemical relapse up to 24 months after main treatment (p = 0.001), and increased blood level of prostate-specific antigen above 10 ng/mL during registration of biochemical relapse (p = 0.002).Conclusion. High-dose rate brachytherapy is a safe and effective salvage treatment for local recurrence of PCa after radical prostatectomy. In addition to the brachytherapy technique, the diagnostic stage is also of great importance providing visualization of the exact location of tumor recurrence.","PeriodicalId":216890,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Urology","volume":"34 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140427368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current understanding of prostate cancer biomarkers","authors":"S. Popov, R. Guseynov, A. Vasin, K. Sivak, E. Pomeshkin, V. V. Perepelitsa, N. S. Bunenkov, T. A. Lelyavina","doi":"10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-4-148-157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-4-148-157","url":null,"abstract":"Worldwide, prostate cancer has remained one of the most common malignant neoplasms among men and it is accompanied by high mortality rates. Standard methods for diagnosing prostate cancer have limited sensitivity and specificity, unnecessary biopsies are often performed, and the risk of overdiagnosis of the disease and overtreatment of patients is high. The review considers diagnostic and prognostic biological markers of prostate cancer proposed in recent years. Theoretical foundations for the use of new biomarkers are analyzed. The characteristics and practical significance of biomarkers of various groups (immunohistochemical, molecular and genetic, prostate specific antigen-associated, volatile organic metabolites) are presented. The need for further large-scale scientific research in the field of biomarker application in prostate cancer, criteria for their selection and evaluation are described. The introduction of modern diagnostic and prognostic markers into real clinical practice opens up new opportunities for improvement of prostate cancer diagnosis, individual prognosis, and rationalization of treatment strategy.","PeriodicalId":216890,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Urology","volume":"89 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140426571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}