目前对前列腺癌生物标志物的了解

S. Popov, R. Guseynov, A. Vasin, K. Sivak, E. Pomeshkin, V. V. Perepelitsa, N. S. Bunenkov, T. A. Lelyavina
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在世界范围内,前列腺癌一直是男性最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,而且死亡率很高。诊断前列腺癌的标准方法灵敏度和特异性有限,经常进行不必要的活组织检查,疾病过度诊断和患者过度治疗的风险很高。本综述探讨了近年来提出的前列腺癌诊断和预后生物标志物。分析了使用新生物标志物的理论基础。介绍了各类生物标志物(免疫组化、分子和遗传、前列腺特异性抗原相关、挥发性有机代谢物)的特点和实际意义。介绍了在前列腺癌生物标志物应用领域进一步开展大规模科学研究的必要性、生物标志物的选择和评估标准。将现代诊断和预后标志物引入实际临床实践,为改进前列腺癌诊断、个体预后和治疗策略的合理化提供了新的机遇。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Current understanding of prostate cancer biomarkers
Worldwide, prostate cancer has remained one of the most common malignant neoplasms among men and it is accompanied by high mortality rates. Standard methods for diagnosing prostate cancer have limited sensitivity and specificity, unnecessary biopsies are often performed, and the risk of overdiagnosis of the disease and overtreatment of patients is high. The review considers diagnostic and prognostic biological markers of prostate cancer proposed in recent years. Theoretical foundations for the use of new biomarkers are analyzed. The characteristics and practical significance of biomarkers of various groups (immunohistochemical, molecular and genetic, prostate specific antigen-associated, volatile organic metabolites) are presented. The need for further large-scale scientific research in the field of biomarker application in prostate cancer, criteria for their selection and evaluation are described. The introduction of modern diagnostic and prognostic markers into real clinical practice opens up new opportunities for improvement of prostate cancer diagnosis, individual prognosis, and rationalization of treatment strategy.
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