Cancer Urology最新文献

{"title":"Atypical neoplastic solitary focal uptake of 18F-PSMA-1007 in PET/CT in patients with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer","authors":"T. L. Antonevskaya, A. Khalimon, M. M. Khodzhibekova, L. U. Atakishieva, G. F. Khamadeeva, D. Y. Khodakova, T. N. Lazutina, I. V. Pylova, N. Volchenko, A. V. Leontyev","doi":"10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-4-131-138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-4-131-138","url":null,"abstract":"It is established that prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), despite its name, is expressed in many tissues other than the prostate gland, both within physiological conditions and in various pathological processes. Additionally, apart from prostate cancer, other malignant tumors are characterized by increased PSMA expression which, according to many authors, is associated with neoangiogenesis. These factors are reflected in the results of PSMA-radioligand imaging and require comprehensive approach to image interpretation including evaluation of computed tomography and magnetic resonance semiotics. In addition, rare cases of distant visceral prostate cancer metastasis in the form of solitary lesions also should be considered during interpretation of the results of radiologic imaging including positron emission tomography/computed tomography.We present two clinical cases in which positron emission tomography/computed tomography revealed solitary foci of pathological 18F-PSMA-1007 uptake outside the areas of typical metastatic spread (with exception of advanced disease) of prostate cancer, specifically in the stomach wall and the left cerebellar hemisphere. In the first case histological examination results revealed a metachronous low grade neuroendocrine tumor of the stomach, in the second case a metastatic lesion of the cerebellum was diagnosed as part of the underlying disease.","PeriodicalId":216890,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Urology","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140426667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluatoion of intraoperative histology during nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy","authors":"S. Kotov, I. S. Byadretdinov, R. Guspanov, S. Pulbere, A. G. Yusufov","doi":"10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-4-52-60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-4-52-60","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Currently, for patients with localized PC, intact erectile function, and low risk of extracapsular extension radical prostatectomy (RP) with nerve-sparing (NS) technique is indicated. The proven method of intraoperative control for the presence of positive surgical margin is the study of fresh frozen sections.Aim. To evaluate the method of intraoperative histological examination (cito-histology) in NS RP.Materials and methods. A prospective clinical study was conducted to examine fresh frozen sections in laparoscopic NS RP. Between February of 2021 and May of 2022, 90 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer underwent laparoscopic NS RP performed by the same surgeon. The patients were divided into 2 groups: group A (n = 40) included patients who underwent laparoscopic NS RP and intraoperative histology; group B (control group) (n = 50) included patients who underwent standard laparoscopic NS RP. Rapid histological and final histological examinations of all removed samples were carried out at the City Clinical Hospital No. 1 named after N.I. Pirogov by one pathologist. The presence of tumor tissue in a stained resection margin was considered positive surgical margin.Results. Oncological processes in macrosamples obtained by intraoperative histology were observed in 32 (80 %) patients, of which primary positive surgical margin was found in 9 (22.5 %) patients. Conversion of (cito) positive surgical margin status into final negative surgical margin was observed in 4 (10 %) patients. Conversion of the surgical margin status of (cito) negative to positive was observed in 1 (2.5 %) patient due to the targeted examination of the area of interest, and not the entire surface of the prostate. Overall 2-year survival in groups A and B was 100 % and 96 %, respectively; cancer-specific 2-year survival was 100 % and 100 %, respectively. Depending on the pathological group, recurrence-free 2-year survival was: group A (pT2) – 90 %; group B (pT2) – 92 %, group A (pT3) – 91.3 %; group B (pT3) – 77.3 %.Conclusion. The proposed method of intraoperative histological examination allows to determine the presence and location of positive surgical margin, which indicates to the surgeon the necessity of additional tissue removal in the neurovascular bundle area, reduces the technical and economic burden on pathology department compared to other methods of rapid histological examination, and reduces contraindications to performing the NS technique in RP especially in the intermediate-risk group.","PeriodicalId":216890,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Urology","volume":"11 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140427124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radical cystectomy with extraperitoneal location of an artificial bladder","authors":"V. Dubrovin","doi":"10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-4-97-103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-4-97-103","url":null,"abstract":"Radical cystectomy remains the “golden standard” for treatment of patients with invasive bladder cancer. The operation is a technically complex surgical intervention after which there are various complications, including gastrointestinal complications such as intestinal obstruction, peritoneal adhesive disease and others. The use of extraperitoneal access for radical cystectomy with an extraperitoneal location of the artificial bladder in carefully selected patients reduces the number of abdominal postoperative complications and improves results in the immediate postoperative period. A literature review is presented which outlines the results of using extraperitoneal approach in comparison with other options for surgical approaches when performing radical cystectomy with intestinal bladder plastic surgery. It is noted that extraperitoneal access during this operation was previously used by Russian urologists.","PeriodicalId":216890,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Urology","volume":"57 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140424191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Future of epigenetic immunotherapy in kidney cancer","authors":"R. N. Mustafin","doi":"10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-4-158-166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-4-158-166","url":null,"abstract":"In clinical practice, immune checkpoint inhibition based on the use of antibodies against PD-1 (programmed death 1), PD-L1 (programmed death-ligand 1) and CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4) is actively used for treatment of kidney cancer. However, objective response to monotherapy with these drugs is observed only in 9–24 % of patients, and combinations with other anticancer drugs in most cases cause severe adverse reactions. At the same time, there is an increased risk of toxic liver damage, immune-dependent pneumonitis, and rash. Therefore, it is necessary to search for new methods of immunotherapy, the most promising of which is the method of viral mimicry based on epigenetic stimulation of retroelement expression. Double-stranded retroelement transcripts activate antiviral interferon response that induces apoptosis of tumor cells. To achieve this, inhibitors of DNA methyltransferase, deacetylase and histone methyltransferase are used which have been successfully applied to treat various malignant neoplasms. In the experiment, DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza-2-deoxytidine (decitabine) effectively inhibited clear cell renal cell carcinoma cells proliferation which indicates their potential in treatment of kidney cancer. However, similarly to other neoplasms, activation of retroelements in renal cell carcinoma serves as initiator of the tumor process as it leads to increased expression of oncogenes, inactivation of tumor suppressors, and genomic instability. Therefore, the method of viral mimicry requires a differentiated approach with inhibition of retroelements involved in carcinogenesis and simultaneous stimulation of expression of retrotransposons that are not involved in the mechanisms of tumor development and have immunogenic properties. For this, microRNAs derived from transposons can be used as guides for DNA methyltransferases. An analysis of scientific literature revealed 41 such microRNAs of which decreased expression in kidney cancer was established for miR-95, -887, -652, -585, -511, -502, -495, -493, -487b, -335; increased for miR-1249, -1266, -151a, -211, -2114, -2355, -28, -3144, -340, -342, -374a, -374b, -3934, -421, -545, -576, -582, -584, -616, -769; and specific expression in different tumor subtypes for miR-708, -577, -450b, -326, -3200, -31, -224, -192, -1271. Since activation of retroelements can lead to insertions into new genome loci with formation of new mutations involved in carcinogenesis, a promising direction in integrated immunotherapy of kidney cancer is the use of reverse transcriptase inhibitors.","PeriodicalId":216890,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Urology","volume":"10 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140424729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adenomatoid tumor of the right adrenal gland masked as pheochromocytoma: clinical case","authors":"A. P. Chuprina, A. N. Bobin, M. S. Pecherskaya, R. E. Segedin","doi":"10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-4-114-118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-4-114-118","url":null,"abstract":"According to summary autopsy data, the incidence of accidentally detected neoplasms of the adrenal glands is 6 %. Computed tomography performed for other reasons shows adrenal gland lesions in 4 % of cases. In diagnostic strategy for adrenal gland lesions, the most important factors to consider are hormonal activity and malignant potential. Moreover, absence of clinical manifestations for long periods of time and their mildness frequently lead to underestimation of the seriousness of the situation. Therefore, surgical treatment can be accompanied by multiple negative consequences. Literature describes cases accompanied by hypertensive crises which subsequently turned out to be hormonally inactive adenomas or adrenocortical carcinoma. The article describes a patient in whom hormonal activity masked an extremely rare benign tumor.","PeriodicalId":216890,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Urology","volume":"9 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140424857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experience of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy after hemiablation of the prostate with high-intensity focused ultrasound using the Focal One robotic platform: clinical case","authors":"A. Alaverdyan, A. V. Govorov, A. Vasilyev, K. Kolontarev, E. A. Prilepskaya, D. Y. Pushkar","doi":"10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-4-125-130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-4-125-130","url":null,"abstract":"As new methods of focal treatment become more and more popular in the treatment of prostate cancer, cases of ineffective treatment are gradually revealed, which require correction in the volume of surgical or other method of treatment.The article describes experience of radical treatment of prostate cancer in case of local recurrence of the disease after ultrasound ablation of the prostate.A 58-year-old man who 1 year ago had undergone high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) hemiablation of the left prostatic lobe using Focal One robotic platrform due to prostate adenocarcinoma was examined 1 year after the operation. Total prostate-specific antigen blood level was 5.45 ng/mL. The patient underwent a control transrectal biopsy of the prostate from 12 cores, which revealed recurrence of the disease in the contralateral (previously untreated) prostate lobe. The patient underwent robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. Operative time was 80 minutes. The patient was discharged from the hospital on the 7th day with no postoperative complications. The urethral catheter was removed on the 6th day after control CT cystography. Erectile function and urine retention were preserved. Total prostate-specific antigen level after 6 months of follow-up did not exceed 0.02 ng/mL.Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy is an effective and safe method of treatment in patients with recurrent prostatic adenocarcinoma after HIFU if performed by a surgeon with sufficient experience in robot-assisted surgery.","PeriodicalId":216890,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Urology","volume":"18 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140426001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When after radical prostatectomy radiotherapy should be performed? Comparison of adjuvant and salvage radiotherapy (literature review)","authors":"I. A. Taraki, E. V. Khmelevskiy, М. Y. Gaas, N. Vorobyev, M. A. Sozykin","doi":"10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-4-139-147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-4-139-147","url":null,"abstract":"The question of optimal times and indications for radiotherapy (adjuvant or salvage) after surgical treatment of prostate cancer remains unanswered. Therefore, studies of this problem are essential and important for clinical practice. The article evaluates the effectiveness of adjuvant radiotherapy compared to salvage radiotherapy in the context of recurrence-free survival and associated adverse events. In 3 randomized clinical trials and meta-analysis, adjuvant radiotherapy did not show improved recurrence-free survival compared to salvage radiotherapy. The choice between adjuvant and salvage radiotherapy should be based on individual patient history and the risk of recurrence. Delayed radiotherapy can help some patients to avoid excessive treatment and associated adverse events.","PeriodicalId":216890,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Urology","volume":"76 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140426735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hereditary cancer syndromes with increased risk of renal cancer","authors":"D. Mikhaylenko, N. A. Gorban, D. V. Zaletaev","doi":"10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-3-133-145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-3-133-145","url":null,"abstract":"Renal cancer (RC) is one of the three most common diseases in oncologic urology. Its accurate diagnosis and prognosis remain difficult and important problems. Some cases of RC are associated with hereditary cancer syndromes and are caused by germline mutations. This review describes monogenic forms of hereditary RC (von Hippel–Lindau syndrome, Birt–Hogg– Dubé syndrome, hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer, hereditary papillary renal carcinoma, BAP1 tumor predisposition syndrome) and diseases with several candidate genes (SDH-mutated tumors, tuberous sclerosis complex). Additionally, the review discusses the increased risk of RC in patients with frequent hereditary cancer syndromes predisposing to the development of a wide range of tumor types: Lynch and Li-Fraumeni syndromes. RC in combination with other carcinomas can develop in patients carrying pathogenic mutations in the candidate genes of different hereditary cancer syndromes –  multi-locus inherited  neoplasia  allele syndrome (MINAS)  –  which is especially important  due to the growing role of high-throughput sequencing in practical oncologic genetics. Additionally, guidelines on modern laboratory genetic diagnostics and active surveillance are presented for each syndrome.","PeriodicalId":216890,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Urology","volume":"43 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139267039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carcinosarcoma of the prostate: clinical observation and literature review","authors":"V. S. Surkova, N. Volchenko, A. M. Lavrova, Kh. S. Kosumova, G. Khakimova, M. V. Grebenkin","doi":"10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-3-113-118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-3-113-118","url":null,"abstract":"Carcinosarcoma is a rare type of prostate neoplasms and accounts for less than 1 % of all malignant tumors of the prostate.  This kind of tumor is characterized by the absence of prostate-specific antigen elevation in most cases, which leads to diagnosis of metastatic disease in a quarter of patients.  Moreover, carcinosarcoma of the prostate has an extremely poor clinical prognosis. From the morphological point of a view, biphasicity is a typical feature for these tumors. As a rule, epithelial component is represented by poorly differentiated acinar adenocarcinoma. However, in some literature cases adenogenous component was represented by ductal or neuroendocrine carcinoma. Sarcoma component can be represented by any sarcoma type. Currently, pathogenesis of carcinosarcomas isn’t clear. In this report, we describe a clinical case of carcinosarcoma of the prostate in a 72-year-old male.","PeriodicalId":216890,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Urology","volume":"9 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139269711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laparoscopic extraperitoneal radical cystoprostatectomy: for whom and how?","authors":"D. Perlin, I. Aleksandrov, A. Shmanev, Sh. Shamhalov, P. Kulikov","doi":"10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-3-69-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/1726-9776-2023-19-3-69-78","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Laparoscopic radical cystectomy is an established reliable minimally invasive method for the treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer. However, in the elderly and patients with serious comorbidities, laparoscopic radical cystectomy is still associated with high risk of complications. There are only a few reports on the use of extraperitoneal access for laparoscopic radical cystectomy in the literature. At the same time, extensive experience has been accumulated in laparoscopic extraperitoneal radical prostatectomy and retroperitoneoscopic operations on the kidney showing significant advantages of extraperitoneal access. Aim. To present initial results of laparoscopic radical cystectomy through extraperitoneal access in medically ill patients.Materials and methods. Between 2017 and 2021, extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical cystectomy was performed at the Volgograd Regional Uronephrology Center in four male patients with tumors affecting the bladder, stages T2–T4. All patients had serious comorbidities. In 3 patients, grade G2–G3 muscle-invasive bladder cancer was histologically verified prior to cystectomy. Two of them had invasion in the posterior urethra. One patient was diagnosed with prostate adenocarcinoma (Gleason score 8 (5 + 3)) with invasion into the bladder wall, ureterohydronephrosis and stage IV chronic kidney disease. None of the patients received neoadjuvant therapy: in 2 cases surgeries were emergency due to recurrent hemorrhages, and 3 patients had significantly decreased kidney function.Results. All operations were performed completely laparoscopically through extraperitoneal access. In 1 case, urine diversion was performed transperitoneally into a colon conduit. Simultaneous retroperitoneoscopic ureterocutaneostomy was performed in two patients: on one side (in a patient with a single functioning kidney) and on both sides, respectively. In a patient with stage V chronic kidney disease and permanent dialysis, bilateral simultaneous retroperitoneal nephrectomies were performed.In 2 patients, salvage cystectomy was done for recurrent bleeding that couldn’t be managed by conservative methods. The maximum intraoperative blood loss did not exceed 500 mL. Bowel function in all patients was recovered within 24–36 hours after the intervention.Conclusion. Laparoscopic  extraperitoneal radical cystectomy is a reproducible minimally invasive surgical procedure for bladder cancer treatment that has advantages in terms of postoperative recovery in patients with severe comorbidities. The use of extraperitoneal access may be a rational alternative for salvage cystectomy in male patients. More observations are needed to determine the place of the method in the surgical treatment of muscle invasive bladder cancer.","PeriodicalId":216890,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Urology","volume":"36 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139269214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}