American Journal of Applied Psychology最新文献

{"title":"PTSD, Immunoglobulins, and Cortisol Changes after the Provision of the EMDR - PRECI to Females Patients with Cancer-Related PTSD Diagnosis","authors":"Benito Estrada, Bernardo de Jesús Angulo, M. Navarro, I. Jarero, Omar Sanchez-Armass","doi":"10.11648/J.AJAP.20190803.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJAP.20190803.12","url":null,"abstract":"EMDR therapy administered to patients with cancer has proven to be effective in the reduction of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and PTSD diagnosis remission. The main objective of this study was to measure the PTSD scores and diagnosis changes before and after the provision of the EMDR-Protocol for Recent Critical Incidents and Ongoing Traumatic Stress (EMDR-PRECI) to female patients with cancer-related PTSD diagnosis. A secondary objective was to observe the immunoglobulins and the cortisol changes pre and post-treatment. Seven female patients with different types of cancer (5 breast, 1 colon, and 1 lymphatic cancer), different cancer treatments (radiation, chemotherapy, radiation, and chemotherapy), and PTSD diagnosis related to their diagnosis and cancer treatment met the inclusion criteria. Participants’ age ranged from 40 to 57 years old (M = 52.28 years old). For PTSD diagnosis and total scores, we used the Global Assessment of Posttraumatic Stress Questionnaire validated for the Mexican population. Biomarkers (cortisol and immunoglobulins) were measured before and after EMDR treatment. For the neuroendocrine measure, we used the cortisol levels in the participant’s blood. For the immunological measure, we used the Nephelometry technique. We measured the changes in the following types of antibodies (immunoglobulins): a) Immunoglobulin A (IgA), b) Immunoglobulin G (IgG), and c) Immunoglobulin M (IgM). EMDR-PRECI was provided by three licensed EMDR clinicians formally trained in the protocol administration. Each EMDR-PRECI session lasted 50-60 minutes. The minimum number of sessions was three and the maximum ten with an average of five. Treatment focused only on the distressing memories related to diagnosis and cancer treatment. No adverse effects were reported during treatment or at six months post-treatment assessment. Results showed a full PTSD diagnosis remission in all participants with significant differences for PTSD scores, t (6) = 2.44, p < .05. These results are in concordance with Carletto et al., study in which all patients treated with EMDR no longer met criteria for PTSD [12]. No significant differences were found for immunoglobulins or cortisol. We believe that the administration of the EMDR-PRECI could be an efficient and effective component of a psychosocial approach to reduce or eliminate cancer-related PTSD symptoms and diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":216612,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Applied Psychology","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114837524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trauma, Resilience and the Power of Human Connection: Reflections from the Field of Cambodia","authors":"Zoe Wyatt, Michael E. Nowlin","doi":"10.11648/J.AJAP.20190802.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJAP.20190802.14","url":null,"abstract":"Political and economic instability, poverty, war and terrorism, are just some of the harsh realities facing many young people globally. Various theoretical frameworks that conceptualize resilience exist in Western countries, yet there is limited research that looks specifically at resilience for children and young people in developing nations who have experienced significant trauma. Earlier research conducted with staff at Hagar International Cambodia (hereafter Hagar) indicated that for a child, recovery from trauma was contingent on their relationships and their ability to establish trust and connection to others. Hagar is a global human rights organisation, providing wraparound support services for women and children who have survived the most extreme cases of human rights abuse. There is much to be gained from the insight and lived experiences of those who have risen from complex trauma situations, such as the young people from Hagar. As such, research is currently being conducted which examines the resiliency factors that have contributed to these young people’s overall wellbeing. This article will explore the intersection between relationships, trust and power of human connection for trauma survivors in Cambodia, bringing together current research with reflections from the field of Cambodia.","PeriodicalId":216612,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Applied Psychology","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122689780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Empathy Competence and Emotional Intelligence Among Medical Undergraduates: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Lou Pengyu, Hu Jinwei","doi":"10.11648/J.AJAP.20190803.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJAP.20190803.11","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose Study on the relationship between empathy competence and emotional intelligence used to provide suggestions for alleviating miscommunication that leads to misunderstandings between doctors and patients. Methods Stratified random cluster sampling was employed for questionnaires from 688 medical undergraduates in Weifang medical university (a provincial colleges and universities in Weifang City, Shandong Province, China) by means of PES and EIS. Results There were significant differences in self-regulation and emotions regulation of others between genders (P 0.05). There were significant differences in all dimensions of emotional intelligence except self-regulated emotion between grades (P < 0.05), and there were significant differences in emotional sharing, positive care and empathy competence among grades (P < 0.05). Medical undergraduates' emotional intelligence is positively correlated with empathy competence. Conclusion Medical colleges and universities should establish a systematic, professional and organic curriculum system of humanities and social sciences, and attach importance to the continuity of emotional intelligence and empathy training.","PeriodicalId":216612,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Applied Psychology","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131499925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Empowerment on Some Personality Traits","authors":"Laxmi Rani","doi":"10.11648/J.AJAP.20190802.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJAP.20190802.12","url":null,"abstract":"Empowerment plays important role in the development of a country& society. Empowerment is “the process of giving people the power, capacities, capability and access needed to change their own lives improve their own communities and influence their own destinies.” Empowerment is the demand of our society. This study is important for our society. Now a day; Empowerment mostly known as women empowerment; and it is necessary to define women empowerment. Empowerment refers to enabling people to take charge to their own lives. Women empowerment emphasizes the importance of increasing their power and taking control over decision and issues that shape their lives. Women Empowerment literally means is to give power to women, ‘Power’ does not means a mode of domination over others, but a sense of internal strength and confidence to face life, the right to determine ones choices in life, the ability to influence the social processes that affects one’s life, an influence in the direction of social change, a share in decision making and capacity building to contribute towards national development. The present research work was undertaken with the objectives to ascertain, that the empowerment has positive impact on the development of personality characteristics such as adjustment, intelligence, dependence proneness, dominance of the adolescents. Sample of the study consisted, 160 Adolescents of Empowered mothers compared with their 160 Un-Empowered counterparts in respective of the personality components stated above. Appropriate hypotheses were formulated to see the impact of Empowerment on personality constituents. The main purpose of this study was to examine the effects of empowerment on personality factors of adolescents of Empowered and un–empowered mothers of Muzaffarpur District (INDIA). Four major components namely Adjustment, Intelligence, Dependence proneness & Dominance were selected for this study. Results of this study indicated that theAdolescents of empowered mothers were found more adjustable, more intellectual, less dependent and more dominant than their un-empowered counterparts.","PeriodicalId":216612,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Applied Psychology","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130838670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Development of a Questionnaire for the Objective Measurement of Belief or Knowledge Motivation i.S. an Intrapsychic Behavioral Guide","authors":"D. P. Wacker","doi":"10.11648/J.AJAP.20190802.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJAP.20190802.11","url":null,"abstract":"The self-developed psychological test instrument: Questionnaire for recording a Beliefsystem (FEB) is a self-evaluation questionnaire with 14 items. With the help of this questionnaire the individual, latent, inner attitude mata, a kind of motive in the sense of “need to know” or “want to believe” should be determined. On the basis of the results of theFactor analyses, theFactor correlations and the reliability calculations, we can state, according to the criteria of classical test theory, that theFEB is a test which is also capable of measuring the theoretical constructs mentioned above in a valid and reliable manner.","PeriodicalId":216612,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Applied Psychology","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115205869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Feelings of Inadequacy on Life Events, Social Avoidance and Distress Among Impoverished Undergraduates","authors":"Shengyu Zhao, Jibo Ye","doi":"10.11648/J.AJAP.20190801.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJAP.20190801.14","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to understand the relationship between life events, social avoidance and distress as well as the feelings of inadequacy among impoverished undergraduates. 766 impoverished undergraduate participants undertook Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Scale (ASLEC), Social Avoidance and Distress Scale (SADS) and Feeling of Inadequacy Scale (FIS) in this study. Findings revealed that (1) Life events, social avoidance and distress as well as the feelings of inadequacy were significantly correlated, (2) feelings of inadequacy has a complete mediating effect on life events as well as social avoidance and distress. Life events show no direct causation of social avoidance and distress. Rather, it is through the feelings of inadequacy that can significantly predict the effects of life events on social avoidance and distress among impoverished undergraduates.","PeriodicalId":216612,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Applied Psychology","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121122788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of International School Climate Surveys in Slovakia","authors":"E. Gajdošová, Silvia Majercakova Albertova","doi":"10.11648/J.AJAP.20190801.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJAP.20190801.13","url":null,"abstract":"This paper summarizes the first pilot research results from the study of school climate in Slovak primary and secondary schools. The research was conducted as part of the Cross-Cultural School Climate Study project using the Georgia school climate surveys, adapted to Slovak conditions. Participants were 832 primary and secondary students, 125 school personnel and 614 parents. Results indicate overall positive ratings of school climate across all participant groups. Students provided the highest ratings in the domains of character, peer social support and school safety. The lowest ratings were reported in the domain of cultural acceptance. School personnel provided the most positive ratings of school climate among the participant groups, followed by parents. Both participant groups reported the highest ratings for school safety and the lowest ratings for parent involvement.","PeriodicalId":216612,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Applied Psychology","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131413918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smartphone: It’s Use for Stress Coping in Spanish Teenagers","authors":"B. Espina-Jerez, S. Gómez-Cantarino, Margarida Sim-Sim","doi":"10.11648/J.AJAP.20190801.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJAP.20190801.12","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, smartphones are becoming the most generalized technological device on the planet, and Spain is the European leader in smartphones market penetration. Objective: to analyze the differences between both kinds of coping (one directed to emotion and the other straight to the problem) in function of the kind of usage of the intelligent phone. Participants: The sample comprised 382 teenagers from whom 142 were discarded due to lacking certain inclusion criteria. A 54.6% (131) belonged to the feminine gender and 45.4% (109) to the masculine. Results: showed differences between the cognitive avoidance coping and the excessive usage of the intelligent phone, the behavioral approximation and occasional and frequent usage. There are also differences between the sexes and all the strategies of coping directed to the problem, girls being the ones who used them the most. The interaction between age and the mobile phone usage for the variable emotional suppression is significant in 16-18-year-olds frequent users and at risk for 12 and 13 years old. Conclusion: for less adaptive coping ways (e.g. avoidance) teenagers are the most vulnerable to develop an excessive usage of the smartphone, while as those who confront the problems and difficulties from approximation tend to not use it in excess.","PeriodicalId":216612,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Applied Psychology","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134447583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personality Factors as Determinants of Adjustment Among Military Children","authors":"Kaaveri Dhingra, Y. Nagle","doi":"10.11648/J.AJAP.20190801.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJAP.20190801.11","url":null,"abstract":"Families of service personnel are unique. Frequent moves, the potential of being deployed into hostile environments, long periods of family separation are some of the life stressors faced by them. The majority of researches in the area of military have focused on the family experience. The Personality and Adjustment patterns of children of service personnel remain unexplored specifically in Indian context. The objective of the present research is to compare the Personality and Adjustment patterns of children of non- Air Force Personnel and Air Force Personnel. In order to address the delineated research questions, a total sample of 82 adolescents from different Air Force schools in Delhi were chosen using random sampling. The sample comprised of 41 children of Non- Air Force Personnel and 41 children of Air Force Personnel. The age range was 15-17 years. The data was gathered using standardized questionnaires: HEXACO-PI 60 Items, Self Report form and Bell Adjustment Inventory. The data was analyzed using Pearson coefficient for finding the correlations between Personality factors and Adjustment and Multiple Regression Analysis was used to find which Personality factors are predicting emotional and social adjustment. It was found that there was a significant difference among children of Air Force Personnel and non-Air Force Personnel only with respect to Extraversion and Openness to Experience dimensions of Personality and Emotional dimension of Adjustment. Results from regression analysis revealed that Emotionality factor of Personality is a significant predictor of Emotional Adjustment (p<.001) which is explained by 12.5% variance. The findings of the research have further been discussed and related to the previous researches in this area.","PeriodicalId":216612,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Applied Psychology","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133446419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Police Officer Transformational Leadership: Development and Validation of a Self-reported Scale","authors":"M. Dussault, Andrée-Ann Deschênes, É. Frenette","doi":"10.11648/j.ajap.20180706.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajap.20180706.11","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to develop and test the factorial validity of a questionnaire about police officer’s transformational leadership on the ground. Based on Bass’s (1985) transactional/transformational leadership model, Police Officers Transformational Leadership Scale is composed of 33 items rated on a Likert-type scale from (1) Completely disagree to (6) Completely agree. Respondents were 167 police officers from a large French Canadian police organization and two small police corps. The results show that a model structure with two second-order dimensions (transactional and transformational leadership), consistent with Bass’s theory (1985), provided a good fit to the data. The results suggest that this questionnaire is well suited for describing the transformational leadership of police officers.","PeriodicalId":216612,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Applied Psychology","volume":"141 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116277880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}