American Journal of Applied Psychology最新文献

{"title":"Post Traumatic Stress Disorder: An Alternative Paradigm","authors":"M. Scott","doi":"10.11648/J.AJAP.20200901.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJAP.20200901.11","url":null,"abstract":"Trauma focussed treatments for PTSD, have limited efficacy and utility. The purpose of this paper is to review a) the theoretical base of TFT’s, in particular the evidence that a flawed traumatic memory lies at the heart of the development of PTSD b) the evidence that a focus on the traumatic memory is a necessary part of the evidence based treatment of PTSD and c) to distil an alternative model of PTSD. The author reviews existing trauma focussed treatments to determine a) what may be the active ingredients for change and b) treatment acceptability. He suggests that it is not proven that the qualities of the traumatic memory are pivotal in the development and maintenance of PTSD. Psychogenic amnesia is not found to be significantly associated with outcome, compared to the bodily expressions of exaggerated startle response and hypervigilance. There appears no added value in re-living the traumatic event per se, rather the latter may prevent treatment compliance. The author suggests an alternative conceptualisation of PTSD, that does not appeal to a notion of arrested information processing but suggests instead that PTSD arises from a state of terrified surprise, (which is a combination of an exaggerated startle response and hypervigilance) which the person explains in terms of a hostile environment.","PeriodicalId":216612,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Applied Psychology","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114210678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alexithymia, Depression, Trait-anxiety and Their Relation to Self-reported Retrospective Dream Experience","authors":"O. Montebarocci, S. Giovagnoli","doi":"10.11648/J.AJAP.20190806.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJAP.20190806.13","url":null,"abstract":"The present research explored the relationship between alexithymia, self-reported depression and trait anxiety and dreaming experience in a non-clinical sample. Characteristics of the alexithymia trait, such as the deficit in the symbolic representation of emotions and the limited imaginative ability, can have an impact on the richness and quality of dream experience. Depression and trait anxiety are both reported to be related to alexithymia and dreaming. A group of 30 non-clinical subjects (20 females) participated in the study. Alexithymia was assessed with the Toronto Structured Interview for Alexithymia (TSIA), an observer-report instrument composed of 24 questions that assesses a general subjective level of alexithymia and 4 dimensions of alexithymia: Identifying emotional feelings (DIF), Describing emotional feelings (DDF), Imaginal Processes (IMP); and Externally oriented thinking (EOT). The subjective dreaming experience was assessed with the Mannheim Dream Questionnaire (MADRE), an instrument that was designed to elicit some form of dream history including dream recall frequency, use and correlates of dream, attitude towards dream and presence of different kinds of dreams experience, such as nightmares, lucid dreams, and deja-vu. The BDI-2 and the STAI-Y2 were administered to evaluate negative affect. Two multivariate multiple regression analysis were carried on. Results showed that alexithymia was related to dream correlates and to attitude towards dream. Trait anxiety was found to be related to nightmares frequency and self-reported depression to deja-vu event. In the future, it would be interesting to use a larger and more representative sample. The use of clinical population, such as nightmare sufferers or patients with sleep and/or mental disorders, could possibly disclosure further meaningful relationships among affect dysregulation, affect modulation and self-reported retrospective dream characteristics.","PeriodicalId":216612,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Applied Psychology","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126663816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on Early Warning Model of College Students' Psychological Crisis Based on Genetic BP Neural Network","authors":"Wang Jia, Zhan Zijie, Luo Haiji, Liu Yinghao, Chen Wei, Gang Wei","doi":"10.11648/J.AJAP.20190806.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJAP.20190806.12","url":null,"abstract":"With the continuous advancement of information construction in colleges and universities, a large number of student data have been accumulated and precipitated in the campus center database of colleges and universities. On the basis of social constructivist psychology, Maslow and Mittelmann's mental health standards and related research results of psychological crisis early warning, three first-level indicators and 15 second-level indicators of college student’s psychological crisis were established. The campus data of 1504 college students were collected on one data center of a college, and the weight of each indicator was determined on the basis of correlation analysis of each indicator and psychological status indicators through SPSS21.0 and the expert opinion. The early warning model of college students’ psychological crisis was basically constructed. With experimental simulation of 250 sets of real data, the early warning model based on the genetic BP Neural network for its initial weight and threshold with MATLAB was improved. The results indicated that the indicator system of college student’s psychological crisis in this paper was effective and feasible, and the early warning model based on genetic BP neural network had high accuracy and certain application value.","PeriodicalId":216612,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Applied Psychology","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132391055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of College Students' Knowledge-based Network Community Participation Motivation on Their Active Behavior in the Community","authors":"Ming Qi","doi":"10.11648/J.AJAP.20190806.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJAP.20190806.11","url":null,"abstract":"[Background] College students are willing to join the online community, and many students participate in learning and learning in the knowledge-based network community. [Objective] By means of analyzing and studying the motivation of college students to participate in knowledge-based online community, to provide reference for better guiding college students' online learning. [Methods] Based on the classical motivation process theory \"self-determination theory\" of social psychology, the theoretical model of the influence of participation motivation on activity was constructed from the three dimensions of independent demand, relational demand and competency demand, and 128 questionnaires were used to test and analyze the hypothesis. [Results] The absolute fitness index of the model tested by hypothesis test was X2/df = 2.807 (P ≤ 0.000), RMSEA=0.. 080, GFI ≤ 0. 841, CFI = 0. 882, NFI = 0. 830, IFI = 0. 883, TLI = 0. 865, indicating that the model fits well. [Conclusion] Learning motivation, social motivation and achievement motivation have significant positive effects on the activity of college students in knowledge-based online communities. Interest motivation and reciprocity motivation do not directly affect the activity of college students in knowledge-based online communities, in which interest motivation indirectly affects the activity of college students through the intermediary role of learning motivation and reciprocity motivation through the intermediary role of social motivation and achievement motivation.","PeriodicalId":216612,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Applied Psychology","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129263991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Potentially Traumatic Event and the Psychological Health at Work of the Police; A Perception of a Unique Impact?","authors":"Andrée-Ann Deschênes, Geneviève St-Hilaire, Emmanuelle Crête, Christine Desjardins, Clémence Emeriau Farges","doi":"10.12691/ajap-7-1-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ajap-7-1-4","url":null,"abstract":"It is recognized that the nature of the police profession makes him more likely to experience a traumatic event that can have significant repercussions both personally and professionally [1]. Several studies define and evaluate the nature of the event with potentially traumatic content or are interested in the intervention methods to be recommended when post-traumatic symptoms are present. However, to our knowledge, no study indicates the impact of a potentially traumatic event experienced by a police officer on his psychological health at work. The study wants to evaluate the link between these two variables. The theoretical model of Gilbert et al. [2] was used to define the dependent variable composed of psychological well-being (serenity, commitment and social harmony) and psychological distress (anxiety, disengagement and irritability). Josse's definition [3] is used to understand the potentially traumatic event. The participants are made up of 240 women and 681 men aged between 35 and 44 years old. The scale of Gilbert et al. [2] measures psychological well-being (α =, 91) and DET (α =, 94). In addition, participants had to tick if they had experienced a potentially traumatic event in their professional lives. An ex-post facto quote was used. A first group of police (n = 492) identified having experienced a potentially traumatic event while the second group of police officers (n = 490) identified that they had not experienced a potentially traumatic event as part of their job. The results support a significant difference between the two groups on the dimensions of well-being (commitment, t (980) = -2.04, p t (980) = -2.39, p t (980) = 3.45, p t (980) = 5.05, p t (980) = 5.31, p <0.001).","PeriodicalId":216612,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Applied Psychology","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114225548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Personality Structure Models According to the Mutual Correspondence of the Choice of “Identical” People in the Same Life Situations","authors":"A. Polozov, K. Polozova, A. Akhmetzyanov","doi":"10.11648/j.ajap.20190805.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajap.20190805.13","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the work is to compare some theories of personality structure according to the mutual correspondence of the choice of “identical” people in the same life situations.. Initially, a test of 47 questions was formed. It opposed each other 11 of the most common motives. The questions of such a test were answered by people assigned to a particular group: by type of personality, by type of character, Big Fife, by type of personality and character. A total of 420 people participated. It was assumed that a better theory would give a higher percentage of mutual correspondence of answers to questions for \"identical\" people. The largest percentage of the same answers was shown by people close in age with identical types of personality and character. For people over 33, the effect of the age factor on the relevance of responses is significantly reduced. The Big Five concept (TIPI) showed more modest results, apparently explained by the inadequate replacement of only two variants of emotional stability / instability with a more detailed format of 8 character types. The results are unstable due to significant changes in the responses to the motivational test during repeated testing. This suggests that 100% compliance with any personality model is unattainable due to the difficulties of self-identification of the tested. The results can lead to a change in the methodology for assessing personality structure models, the allocation of alternative abilities from the traditional Big Five to four, and the replacement of emotional stability with character types.","PeriodicalId":216612,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Applied Psychology","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128439218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic Pain and Depression in Low Back (Spinal) Injured Patients","authors":"V. Zepinic, Blagoj Kuzmanovski","doi":"10.11648/J.AJAP.20190805.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJAP.20190805.11","url":null,"abstract":"Depression caused by physical dysfunction and associated symptoms as the aftermath of the low back (spinal) injury is commonly undiagnosed and untreated. In this paper, based on our clinical experience, we have described a relation between depression and lumbosacral injury. In our research, we selected 54 (26 female and 28 male) patients in two different groups: (1) those whose low back injury occurred less than 12 months before research commenced; and (2) those whose injuries occurred more than 12 months before the research (their condition has been considered as a chronic). All of the patients (n=54) were assessed by using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), and General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) in order to evaluate their level of depression. The results show that low back (spinal) injured patients suffered depression due to their body discomfort and changed day-to-day capacities. Those who sustained injury more than one year developed an upper level of a moderate depression. However, if not taking any treatment following their psychological disturbances, the patients had suffered a severe depression. Their level of depression increases with a chronicity of the physical pain making also depression as a chronic disorder.","PeriodicalId":216612,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Applied Psychology","volume":"171 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122290698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal Multisite Randomized Controlled Trial on the Provision of the EMDR-IGTP-OTS to Refugee Minors in Valencia, Spain","authors":"Rosa Josefa Molero, I. Jarero, M. Givaudan","doi":"10.11648/j.ajap.20190804.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajap.20190804.12","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this longitudinal multisite randomized controlled trial (RCT) was to evaluate the effectiveness of the EMDR-Integrative Group Treatment Protocol for Ongoing Traumatic Stress (EMDR-IGTP-OTS) in reducing severe posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety symptoms in refugee minors living in Valencia, Spain. The study was conducted in 2019 in the city of Valencia, Spain, in six sites for refugees (homes or residences). A total of 184 minors (all males) met the inclusion criteria. Participants’ ages ranged from 13 to 17 years old (M =16.36 years). Participants’ time since the arrival to the sites in Valencia varied from January 2018 to March 2019. Participation was voluntary with the participants and their legal guardian's consent. In this study, intensive EMDR therapy was provided. This intensive format allowed the participants to complete the full course of treatment in a short period. Treatment was provided simultaneously by eighteen licensed EMDR clinicians formally trained in the protocol administration divided into six teams. Each of the treatment group participants received an average of eight hours of treatment, provided during nine group-treatment sessions, three times daily during three consecutive days in a setting inside the six refugee sites. EMDR-IGTP-OTS treatment focused only on the distressing memories related to their life as refugees and did not address any other memories. No adverse effects were reported during treatment or at three-month post-treatment assessment. Data analysis by repeated measures ANOVA showed that the EMDR-IGTP-OTS was effective in reducing PTSD symptoms in the treatment group (F (2, 122) = 43.17p <.001, ηP 2=.414). A significant effect for group (F (1, 61 = 5.52, p<.05, ηP 2 =.898) and a significant interaction between time and group for this variable, (F (2, 122) = 11.10, p <.001, ηP 2=.154) confirmed the effects of the treatment. Significant effects for time (F (1, 61) = 7.46, p <.001, ηP 2 =.109) and for interaction between time and group (F (1, 61) = 6.13, p <.01, ηP 2=.091) were found for both, anxiety and depression, (F (1, 61) = 7.02, p <. 01, ηP 2 =.104) and (F (1, 61) = 7.92, p <.001, ηP 2=.116). The study results indicate that the intensive administration of the EMDR-IGTP-OTS could be a feasible, cost-effective, time-efficient, culturally sensitive, and effective component of a multidisciplinary psycho-social group-based program to address PTSD, depression, and anxiety symptoms among refugee minors.","PeriodicalId":216612,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Applied Psychology","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122727527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"College Students' Positive Mentality Cultivation from the Perspective of Confucian Culture","authors":"Z. Jing","doi":"10.11648/J.AJAP.20190804.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJAP.20190804.11","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of college students' mental health is ultimately a cultural issue and a question of values. The core of Confucian culture is ethics and values. Therefore, solving the mental health problems of college students also needs to return to the tradition. Starting from \"knowledge and action\", \"righteousness and benefits\", and \"group-self relationship\", we will revisit the teachings of Confucian philosophers at both ends, help guide college students to think seriously, cultivate a positive and enterprising attitude towards life, experience the dilemma of a balanced life, learn the wisdom of seeking harmony also respecting differences, and build a comparatively harmonious and healthy character. Contemporary college students are more confident. They are brave to express themselves, dare to love and hate, and never follow suit. The understanding of personal value emphasizes the perfection of individual personality and the freedom and independence of life. Therefore, it is of practical significance to make use of the nourishment of Chinese excellent Confucian culture, explore two ends of a thing, cultivate the value rationality of college students, help them gradually form positive psychological mechanism of optimistic attitude towards life, mature and stable interpersonal communication, natural development of physical and mental will mechanism, and relatively harmonious and perfect healthy personality.","PeriodicalId":216612,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Applied Psychology","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116086427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“If You Disagree, Unfriend Me Now”: Exploring the Phenomenon of Invited Unfriending","authors":"Kory Floyd, Robert Matheny, Dana R. Dinsmore, Benjamin E. Custer, Nathan T. Woo","doi":"10.12691/AJAP-7-1-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJAP-7-1-3","url":null,"abstract":"The belongingness hypothesis suggests that humans have a fundamental need to form and maintain meaningful social bonds. Yet two contradictory impulses seem to guide associative behaviors: the need for inclusion and the tendency for in-group preference. The phenomenon of invited unfriending—posting message on social media petitioning those who differ from the poster on some stance to sever the relationship—exemplifies this tension. Two studies examined the types of messages users post when petitioning disconnection as well as the characteristics and behaviors of posters and recipients. First, a thematic analysis of 515 invited unfriending posts revealed that having different likes or dislikes, being unable or willing to do something the poster deems important, and being too politically conservative were the top three reasons for inviting unfriending. Subsequently, a survey of 445 Facebook users found that nearly 10% had invited unfriending and nearly 75% had received such an invitation. Posters did not differ substantially from non-posters, and both posters and recipients identified themes that were largely similar with those identified in the thematic analysis.","PeriodicalId":216612,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Applied Psychology","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125124769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}