Agricultural Engineering Today最新文献_第2页

Effect of pod size on physical properties of cocoa pods (Theobroma cacao L.) with reference to farm level mechanization of cocoa processing 可可荚大小对可可荚物理特性的影响——以农级可可加工机械化为参照

Agricultural Engineering Today Pub Date : 2021-01-30 DOI: 10.52151/aet2021452.1534

R. Arulmari

{"title":"Effect of pod size on physical properties of cocoa pods (Theobroma cacao L.) with reference to farm level mechanization of cocoa processing","authors":"R. Arulmari","doi":"10.52151/aet2021452.1534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52151/aet2021452.1534","url":null,"abstract":"Physical properties of cocoa pods are essential to develop gadgets to mechanize farm level processing. The various physical properties of cocoa pods, viz.,size, mass, sphericity, aspect ratio, volume, bulk density, true density, porosity, surface area, radius of curvature, friction coefficient, angle of repose, rolling angle and rolling friction were determined. The average length and breadth of the cocoa pods were 147.50±13.9 and 74.19±13.0 mm, respectively. Based on the length, the pods were categorized as small, medium and large size,as less than 120 mm, 120 to 140 mm and above 140 mm. Thickness of husk at the ridge and furrow varied as 4 to 21 mm and 3 to 17 mm and increased with increase in pod length. Average mass of the pod and bean in the pod were 327.45±67.6 g and 84.22±14.9 g, respectively. The sphericity and aspect ratio ranged 0.54 to 0.68 and 0.4 to 0.57. The true volume, bulk density and true density for cocoa pods ranged 308.92 to 590.52 cm3, 398.10 to 339.03 kg.m-3and 589.10 to 661.04 kg.m-3, respectively. The surface area and radius of curvature along major axis ranged from 243.15 to 356.31 cm2 and 72.83 to143.48 mm, respectively.","PeriodicalId":216128,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Engineering Today","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124081744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adsorption and regeneration characteristics of composite desiccants 复合干燥剂的吸附与再生特性

Agricultural Engineering Today Pub Date : 2021-01-30 DOI: 10.52151/aet2021452.1535

{"title":"Adsorption and regeneration characteristics of composite desiccants","authors":"","doi":"10.52151/aet2021452.1535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52151/aet2021452.1535","url":null,"abstract":"Solar dryers are economical for crop drying and are environmental friendly. However, in tropical region due to high humidity of ambient air the efficiency of solar dryer gets reduced. Desiccants can be used for reducing the humidity of ambient air. In the present study, three desiccants viz. silica gel, bentonite clay and activated carbon were selected and tested for their use to improve efficiency of solar dryer. The composite desiccant mixture was prepared by mixing three selected desiccants in different ratios and was evaluated for adsorption and regeneration characteristics. The adsorption rate of different composite desiccants was calculated at 2 h interval. The regeneration rate of composite desiccants was studied at a temperature of 50°C and 55°C and the data were recorded at 1 h interval. The evaluation was done at three weightage levels of adsorption rate: regenerate: unit cost i.e. 50:30:20, 60:20:20 and 40:40:20. The maximum value of performance index at three weightage levels based on highest adsorption rate and regenerate rate and lowest unit cost was observed as 1.66, 1.5 and 1.81. The treatment T1 (Silica gel 100%) was found as better desiccant among the selected composite desiccant with average adsorption rate 1.49 %moisture per h followed by T5 (Silica gel 80%, Activated 20%) with 1.46% moisture per. The statistical analysis showed that the performance efficiencies of silica gel were observed highest 84.33%, 77.33%, and 91.7% at different weightages of adsorption rate, regeneration rate and cost of composite desiccant.","PeriodicalId":216128,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Engineering Today","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131298540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Feasibility studies on raingun method of irrigation system in groundnut 花生灌溉系统降雨方式的可行性研究

Agricultural Engineering Today Pub Date : 2021-01-30 DOI: 10.52151/aet2021452.1533

Praveen Kumar

{"title":"Feasibility studies on raingun method of irrigation system in groundnut","authors":"Praveen Kumar","doi":"10.52151/aet2021452.1533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52151/aet2021452.1533","url":null,"abstract":"A field study was conducted on groundnut by using different irrigation techniques, such as raingun, check basin and sprinkler irrigation systems. In our country, raingun method of irrigation is becoming more popular for sugarcane due to convince in shifting. Sufficient information such as coefficient of discharge, percentage of overlapped diameter for uniformity, etc. is not available for designing the raingun system. A medium volume raingun model was operated at different operating pressures of 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 kg.cm-2 with 14mm diameter nozzle. The discharge was found increasing with increase in pressure head for raingun of nozzle size 14mm was 3 kg.cm-2. It was observed that increase in pressure increased the discharge of medium volume raingun irrigation system. The minimum discharge was observed at 2 kg.cm–2 as 10.30 m3.h–1 for 14mm diameter nozzle. The maximum discharged was observed at 3 kg.cm-2 as 12.13 m3.h–1 for 14mm diameter nozzle. The coefficient of uniformity of the raingun was determined at different operating pressure. The high coefficient of uniformity was found at 3 kg.cm-2 operating pressure and low uniformity of coefficient was found at 2 kg.cm-2 operating pressure. The water application rates of the raingun under various pressures were determined. The maximum application rate of 10.86 mm.h–1 was found at 2 kg.cm-2 and the minimum application rate of 9.32 mm.h-1 was found at 3 kg.cm-2. The water use efficiency was maximum in case of raingun method of irrigation as compared to check basin and sprinkler irrigation system. Use of raingun sprinkler irrigation during early crop season helped in saving water when the soil infiltration rate was very high and need of water in the root zone was less. Using raingun method of irrigation system, 0.79 kg.m-3 higher water use efficiency was achieved as compared to check basin and sprinkler irrigation system. Benefit cost ratio of the raingun method of irrigation was found as 1.05, which indicated that the raingun method of irrigation was economically feasible.","PeriodicalId":216128,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Engineering Today","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124237901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A retractable solar dryer to aid self-reliance of homesteads in the post-covid-19 era 一种可伸缩的太阳能烘干机，帮助家庭在covid-19后时代自力更生

Agricultural Engineering Today Pub Date : 2021-01-30 DOI: 10.52151/aet2021452.1532

P. S. James

引用次数: 0

Performance evaluation of single row tractor operated carrot digger 单排拖拉机操作胡萝卜挖土机的性能评价

Agricultural Engineering Today Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.52151/aet2020444.1524

{"title":"Performance evaluation of single row tractor operated carrot digger","authors":"","doi":"10.52151/aet2020444.1524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52151/aet2020444.1524","url":null,"abstract":"Harvesting is one of the most critical operation in carrot cultivation because it is labour intensive (350 – 450 man-h/ha) and time consuming for the farmers. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the performance of single row tractor operated carrot digger designed by department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, COAE&T, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India. The developed digger consisted of a digging, conveying, de-topping, collector and power transmission units. The carrot digger can be operated with 35 horse power tractor. It was evaluated under three variables viz., three digging blade angles (15°, 18°, 21°), three conveyor angles (25°, 35°, 45°) and three shoot catch heights (2, 4, 6 cm). The optimum value of variables obtained for operation of carrot digger were blade angle of 21°, conveyor angle of 250 and shoot catch height of 2 cm. Effective field capacity of the digger was 0.11 ha h-1 with field efficiency of 61.70 %. The digging efficiency, cut carrots, bruised carrots, picking efficiency and cutting efficiency of de-topping unit were 100, 0.62, 0.90, 62.29 and 100%, respectively at optimized value of operational variables. The labour requirement with developed carrot digger and manual method of harvesting was found 27 and 450 man-h ha-1, respectively. The operational cost of carrot digger was found Rs. 8242 ha-1 and it saves time and cost of operation in comparison to manual method of carrot harvesting. The break-even point, payback period and benefit cost ratio were 234 hours, 2.21 years and 1.56, respectively when operated for 400 hours annually. The carrot digger works better if carrots are sown in single row on the ridges rather than the broadcasting method.","PeriodicalId":216128,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Engineering Today","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114520073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental study on okra planter for sowing of soaked seed 秋葵浸种播种机的试验研究

Agricultural Engineering Today Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.52151/aet2020444.1527

Badgujar C M, H. S. Dhingra, A. Gautam, R. Khurana, G. S. Mannes

{"title":"Experimental study on okra planter for sowing of soaked seed","authors":"Badgujar C M, H. S. Dhingra, A. Gautam, R. Khurana, G. S. Mannes","doi":"10.52151/aet2020444.1527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52151/aet2020444.1527","url":null,"abstract":"India is one of the leading Okra-producing countries producing 66.3% of the World’s okra. However, the traditional manual sowing methods result in low yield, poor quality, and high cost of cultivation. Therefore, an experimental study was designed to evaluate a tractor-operated Okra planter in the laboratory and field conditions for a locally available seed variety (Pusa A4). Laboratory experiments consisted of three independent variables; inclined plates (3 levels), inclination angles (3 levels), and speed of operations (4 levels). Dependent variables were seed spacing, a number of seeds/meter row length, and performance indices (multiple index, miss index, and quality of feed index). A 3×3×4 factorial design was applied to laboratory data analysis. The planter’s best parameter combination (plate, Inclination angle, and speed) was evaluated on actual field conditions at two different locations (X and Y). The field evaluation includes; plant-plant spacing, performance indices, planter field capacity, and fuel consumption. The planter was operated at 2.17, 2.25 km/h and plant-plant spacing was observed 15.98 cm, 17.11 cm, respectively, for locations X and Y. The observed plant spacing was close to desired spacing (15 cm). The field evaluation studies validated the results of laboratory experiments and desirable plant population were observed at both locations.","PeriodicalId":216128,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Engineering Today","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124036322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Comparative evaluation of actual evapotranspiration of capsicum inside and outside of naturally ventilated polyhouse 自然通风综合温室内外辣椒实际蒸散量的比较评价

Agricultural Engineering Today Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.52151/aet2020444.1526

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of actual evapotranspiration of capsicum inside and outside of naturally ventilated polyhouse","authors":"","doi":"10.52151/aet2020444.1526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52151/aet2020444.1526","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to study the relationship between capsicum crop evapotranspiration inside (ETCin) and crop evapotranspiration outside (ETCout) the naturally ventilated polyhouse (NVPH) using meteorological parameters. Polyhouse has a straightway impact on air temperature and relative humidity while it indirectly influences soil temperature and soil moisture inside the structure. Under this study, crop evapotranspiration was estimated by conventional method i.e., obtaining reference evapotranspiration from weather data recorded inside the polyhouse and multiplying it with crop coefficient values of capsicum crop. Reference crop evapotranspiration inside and outside the polyhouse found as 745.19 mm and 590.22 mm, respectively whereas capsicum crop evapotranspiration inside and outside the polyhouse was 868.40 mm and 694.16 mm, respectively. The results of the study revealed that the relationship between weekly ETCin and ETCout can be expressed mathematically as ETCin = 0.84 ETCout. This implies that, there was approximately 15 % lower crop evapotranspiration requirement for the capsicum crop inside the naturally ventilated polyhouse as compared to outside the polyhouse.","PeriodicalId":216128,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Engineering Today","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114964698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Effectiveness of three manually operated weeding tools for farm women 三种农妇手动除草工具的有效性

Agricultural Engineering Today Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.52151/aet2020444.1525

N. Kumar, Md. Sajid Hussain, R. Kumar, R. K. Roy

引用次数: 4

Effect of crop establishment methods on yield and economics of cultivation of wheat 栽植方式对小麦产量和经济效益的影响

Agricultural Engineering Today Pub Date : 2020-09-30 DOI: 10.52151/aet2020443.1522

S. Chandra, Sidhhartha Raj, Joydeep Sinha, Angel Singh, A. Sharma

{"title":"Effect of crop establishment methods on yield and economics of cultivation of wheat","authors":"S. Chandra, Sidhhartha Raj, Joydeep Sinha, Angel Singh, A. Sharma","doi":"10.52151/aet2020443.1522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52151/aet2020443.1522","url":null,"abstract":"Zero till seed-cum-ferti drill, rice-wheat seeder and broadcasting method, as treatments T1 , T2 & T3 respectively, were used for wheat sowing at 100.0 kg/ha seed rate in pulverized sandy loam soil. Rice-wheat seeder delivered optimum seed rate upon maintenance of minimum of 3.75 kg seed per box. At every 52.0 meter run of machine 0.5 kg seed was to be filled in seed boxes to maintain uniform seeding at 100.0 kg/ha seed rate. The machines in treatment T1 and T2 had field capacities 0.49 ha/h and 0.169 ha/h and field efficiencies 71% & 82% respectively. Rice wheat seeder had registered 96.19% seeding efficiency in comparison to 97.67% seeding efficiency of seed drill. Maximum yield (4.27 t) was obtained in treatment T2, followed by treatment T1 (4.186 t) and T3 (4.08 t). Benefit-cost ratio of treatment T3 was found highest 4.77:1 followed by treatment T2 (4.66:1) in spite of minimum net return per hectare (Rs.71607.0) among all treatments. Highest net return/ ha of Rs.74454.0 was in treatment T2 , followed by treatment T1 (Rs.72089.0). Obviously, yield and economics of use of rice wheat seeder equipment justifies its utility for wheat cultivation by small and marginal farmers.","PeriodicalId":216128,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Engineering Today","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117347480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Process optimization of paddy drying in cross-flow aerated drying cum storage bin 稻谷横流曝气干燥储罐干燥工艺优化

Agricultural Engineering Today Pub Date : 2020-09-30 DOI: 10.52151/aet2020443.1521

Sruthi N. U., U. Lohani, N. C. Shahi, J. Pandey

{"title":"Process optimization of paddy drying in cross-flow aerated drying cum storage bin","authors":"Sruthi N. U., U. Lohani, N. C. Shahi, J. Pandey","doi":"10.52151/aet2020443.1521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52151/aet2020443.1521","url":null,"abstract":"A cross-flow aerated drying cum storage bin was developed and the drying conditions for paddy was optimised. The drying cum storage bin consisted of a cylindrical outer drum with two inner basins having perorated walls made of galvanised iron to hold paddy, and a central perforated vertical duct. A blower (1.5 kW) connected at the base supplies air to the heating chamber (with 1 kW heater coil) and moves vertically through the central duct. The hot air passes horizontally through the grain bulk taking the moisture and moves towards the perforated walls of the bin and exit through the space between the drum and the basins. Drying experiments were conducted with bed thickness of 15 cm to study the drying characteristics of paddy and evaluate the performance of the dryer. Paddy was dried from 18 to 12% (wb) moisture content with the independent parameters selected being drying air temperature (35, 40 and 45 °C) and airflow rate (15, 21 and 27 m3 /h). The drying time varied 1.5 to 4.75 hours over the entire experimental conditions. The analysis of drying rates for both top and bottom bins showed minimum variation indicating uniform drying throughout the depth of the bin. The estimated optimum conditions of drying were 45°C temperature and 27 m3 /h airflow rate. The predicted values of responses at optimised conditions were 1.51 hours of drying time, 6.05x10-7 m2 /s of effective moisture diffusivity, 0.078 W/m2 K of heat transfer coefficient, and 8.23x105 kJ/kg of specific energy consumption. Further, exergy analysis indicated that exergy loss increased with increase in drying air temperature and airflow rate.","PeriodicalId":216128,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Engineering Today","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126605178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0