Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde最新文献

{"title":"Hypoadrenocorticism in dogs presenting to a tertiary veterinary clinic in Switzerland: overall prevalence, clinical signs, laboratory changes and outcome.","authors":"J Eiermann, A Schlachet, S Schuller, B Lutz","doi":"10.17236/sat00465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17236/sat00465","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hypoadrenocorticism (HAD) is a relatively uncommon endocrinopathy and dogs often present with non-specific clinical signs. The laboratory database of a tertiary referral center was blinded for review and retrospectively searched between March 2015 and March 2023, for dogs with suspected HAD and then categorized according to basal cortisol measurements and/or an adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test (ACTH-STIM). Diagnosis of HAD was based on abnormal results of an ACTH-STIM (post-ACTH-STIM cortisol < 2ug/dl). HAD was diagnosed in 54 dogs, representing 9,6 % of the screened population (n = 564). Dogs without HAD had significantly higher sodium (p < 0,001), lower creatinine (p = 0,007), and lower phosphates (p < 0,001) concentrations than dogs with HAD. Most common breeds diagnosed with HAD included: mix breed (n = 16), Jack Russel Terrier (n = 5) and Bernese Mountain Dog (n = 3). Median age at diagnosis was 5 years (IQR: 3-8,75, range: 1-14). Twenty-nine dogs were male and 26 dogs were female. Most common clinical signs were combinations of hypo-/anorexia (n = 37, 68,5 %), lethargy (n = 35, 64,8 %), and vomiting (n = 31, 57,4 %). Only two of 54 dogs (3,7 %) had resting cortisol values > 0,5 µg/dl (> 13,79 nmol/l) (max. 0,63 µg/dl [17,38 nmol/l]) whereas six dogs (11,1 %) had post-ACTH-STIM cortisol values > 0,5 µg/dl (median: 0,82 µg/dl [22,62 nmol/l], IQR 0,51-0,96 [14,07-26,48]). Dogs with eunatremic, eukalemic hypoadrenocorticism (EEH) were more likely to present with anemia (OR: 14,19, 95 % CI, 2,71-74,22), whereas dogs with typical HAD were more likely to present with hyperphosphatemia (OR: 23,33, 95 % CI, 2,68-203,14). Forty-three dogs (79,6 %) had hyponatremic and/or hyperkalemic HAD and the remaining 11 dogs had EEH. In-house mortality was 5 % (3/55). One dog with EEH developed typical HAD seven weeks after initial diagnosis. Among dogs with HAD, the proportion diagnosed with EEH was similar to previous studies. In contrast to previous reports in which females were overrepresented, more males than females were affected in this cohort. No significant difference in age at presentation was observed between dogs with typical HAD and EEH.</p>","PeriodicalId":21544,"journal":{"name":"Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde","volume":"167 10","pages":"549-560"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145252249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Thermoregulation as a factor in the pathophysiology of the brachycephalic upper airway syndrome in dogs].","authors":"D A Koch, A C Piroth, S Michel","doi":"10.17236/sat00464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17236/sat00464","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The change in body temperature of 21 brachycephalic and 15 normocephalic dogs was recorded using a rectal temperature probe during a standardised 10-minute run on a treadmill and in the subsequent 10-minute recovery phase. While the basal body temperature of the two groups did not differ, the body temperature increase at all representative time points was significantly different (5 min: 0,39 ± 0,17°C vs 0,21 ± 0,12°C; 10 min: 0,59 ± 0,20°C vs 0,25 ± 0,13°C; 15 min: 0,52 ± 0,20°C vs 0,21 ± 0,14°C; 20 min: 0,44 ± 0,24°C vs 0,15 ± 0,15°C) and correlated with both the phenotypic head shape and radiologically measured skull indices. While the body temperature increased significantly faster in brachycephalic dogs than in normocephalic dogs during the treadmill phase, the dogs in both groups cooled down at the same rate during the recovery phase. We interpret the difference in temperature change as an insufficient response by brachycephalic dogs to physical exertion and postulate an alternative pathway in the pathophysiology of the brachycephalic upper airway syndrome (BOAS): the shortening of the nasal skull reduces the thermoregulatory surfaces of the nasal conchae. Physical exertion and high environmental temperatures lead to a sharp rise in body temperature, which is compensated for by increased breathing and panting. This leads to increased negative pressure in the upper airways, causing the soft tissues, such as the nasal entrance cartilage, soft palate and laryngeal pockets, to be sucked into the upper airways and triggering the typical BOAS symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":21544,"journal":{"name":"Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde","volume":"167 10","pages":"540-547"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145252039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The bregmatic fontanelle alone is an unreliable indicator of health in Pomeranian and other toy-sized dogs.","authors":"C Mollet, V Stein, C Precht, G Savioli, S Hubler, B Vidondo, D E Schweizer","doi":"10.17236/sat00461","DOIUrl":"10.17236/sat00461","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The Swiss Animal Welfare Ordinance prohibits the breeding of dogs with persistent fontanelles. Especially in toy-sized dogs, closed fontanelles are important for breeding selection. In such dogs, other alterations at the cranio-cervical junction, hydrocephalus and syringomyelia are frequently observed in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Whether such changes are associated with persistent fontanelles is unclear. The aim of the study was to investigate whether persistent fontanelles are associated with other abnormalities of the head and spinal cord. For this cross-sectional study, 41 toy-sized dogs were clinically and neurologically examined and underwent 3T MRI. Dogs were then grouped into cases and controls, based on ultrasonographic bregmatic fontanelle status. Findings in the two groups were compared using the unpaired t-test, linear regression and correlation as well as Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. In result, 53,7 % of the dogs had closed fontanelles, while 46,3 % had persistent bregmatic fontanelles. Persistent fontanelles were more commonly observed in dogs with lower body weight and a shorter skull but showed no association with age. There was no evidence of an influence of fontanelle status on clinical and neurological presentation. MRI revealed Chiari-like malformation in 78,1 % of dogs, dilated lateral ventricles in 56,1 %, and syringomyelia in 41,5 %. Dogs with persistent fontanelles were 3,7 times more likely to have syringomyelia (Fisher's exact test; p-value 0,047). Dilated lateral ventricles increased by 15 times the odds of syringomyelia (Fisher's exact test; p-value < 0,01). No association was found between persistent fontanelles and Chiari-like malformation, other cranio-cervical abnormalities, or ventriculomegaly. Toy-sized dogs in this study frequently exhibited brain and spinal cord abnormalities on MRI, regardless of their fontanelle status. These findings suggest that presence or absence of bregmatic fontanelles may not be a reliable criterion for breeding selection aimed at maintaining a healthy dog population.</p>","PeriodicalId":21544,"journal":{"name":"Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde","volume":"167 9","pages":"462-475"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144967227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacokinetics of orally administered calcium dobesilate in Warmblood horses.","authors":"J Harder, A E Fürst, P M Montavon, S Montavon, M Bakony, K Lanyi","doi":"10.17236/sat00462","DOIUrl":"10.17236/sat00462","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Calcium dobesilate has recently been used for treating lameness in horses because it enhances microvascular processes and reduces intraosseous pressure. Lameness caused by disorders in bone metabolism and increased intraosseous pressure, such as navicular disease, osseous cyst-like lesions and pedal bone oedema, are commonly treated with rest, anti-inflammatory agents and surgery. Calcium dobesilate has the potential to influence the pathophysiology of these diseases, thereby improving healing. To determine whether calcium dobesilate and its acting agent calcium 2,5-dihydroxybenzene sulfonate (2,5HBSA) is absorbed by the equine gastrointestinal system to generate detectable plasma concentrations. The study was designed as a prospective in-vivo study. Eight healthy adult Swiss Warmblood horses were used in the study. Calcium dobesilate (3 mg/kg, PO, q12h) was administered orally in mash for seven days. Blood samples were collected from a jugular vein after the last dose of calcium dobesilate. All horses underwent daily physical examination and haematological and blood chemical analyses before and after the study. Liquid chromatography was used to determine plasma concentrations of 2,5HBSA. Noncompartmental analysis was used to estimate the pharmacokinetic parameters. 2,5HBSA was detected in plasma samples after oral administration and ranged from 2300 ng/ml to 3600 ng/ml with a mean of 2900 ng/ml. The results of haematological and plasma biochemical testing were within the reference limits at all times, and no adverse effects occurred. Only plasma samples were analysed and calcium dobesilat was only measured after the treatment period of seven days. Calcium dobesilate was absorbed by the equine gastrointestinal system and reached detectable plasma concentrations.</p>","PeriodicalId":21544,"journal":{"name":"Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde","volume":"167 9","pages":"477-485"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144967182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Serotype-specific monitoring of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in Thuringian pig farms].","authors":"K Dittmar, K David, K Donat","doi":"10.17236/sat00463","DOIUrl":"10.17236/sat00463","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) is a major cause of porcine respiratory tract infections where morbidity and lethality are influenced by the serotype and the virulence of the bacterium. Thuringian pig farms were tested for APP antibodies as part of a serologic monitoring programme. By retrospective evaluation of the testing results from one year, the aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of APP serotypes in Thuringian pig farms and to evaluate whether serotype specific monitoring provides added value compared with non-specific screening. In the year 2012 blood samples of about 30 pigs per farm were collected on two occasions approximately six months apart and were tested for APP antibodies. Commercial ELISA kits were used for the non-specific as well as the serotype-specific screening. A total of 3509 samples were tested with 1551 positive and 1852 negative results in the non-specific screening. The positive test results originated from 76 out of 81 farms. Antibodies against the serotype groups 4-7 and 3-6-8 occurred in more than 85 % of these farms. Antibodies against serotype 5 were found in only a quarter of the farms with a median of 5 % non-negative samples per farm. If antibodies against the serotype group 4-7 were detected, a noticeably higher proportion of pigs (37 %) showed positive or suspicious test results. The frequent occurrence of antibodies against APP in Thuringia as detected by the non-specific screening test is primarily due to the high proportion of the low virulent serotype groups 3-6-8 and 4-7. The more virulent serotypes 2 and 5 were detected less frequently. A serotype specific testing of virulent serotypes, in addition to the non-specific screening, can be recommended, and contributes to a better insight into the APP situation of pig farms and a more justified assessment of APP's role in the complex causality of porcine respiratory tract infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":21544,"journal":{"name":"Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde","volume":"167 9","pages":"487-496"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144967243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Bacteria species and antibiotic resistance in bovine mastitis within the framework of the «ReLait» project].","authors":"M Sommer, B Gerber, M Bodmer","doi":"10.17236/sat00458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17236/sat00458","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This sub-study describes the results of mastitis milk samples collected in the canton of Fribourg. In the «ReLait» project, a total of 2,441 milk samples were submitted from 123 different farms, from which 3,028 pathogens were isolated. Three pathogens were isolated from 26 milk samples, and two from 535 milk samples. Milk samples could be submitted for subclinical mastitis, clinical mastitis, or before dry period. Most milk samples (n=1,524) were collected and analyzed for subclinical mastitis or before the dry period (n=463). Only a few milk samples came from cows with clinical mastitis (n=123). The most frequently diagnosed pathogens were non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) at 37,4 %. In addition, frequently diagnosed bacteria were aesculin-positive streptococci, of which 67,3 % were Streptococcus uberis, coliform and coryneform bacteria, and mixed flora. This distribution largely corresponds to the results of other studies, which also show a predominance of NAS, Corynebacterium bovis, and Staphylococcus uberis. Fewer Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)-positive samples were found in our study compared to studies outside Switzerland. The resistance situation among NAS was particularly striking with 73,6 % NAS showing a penicillin resistance. This rate has increased compared to previous Swiss studies where penicillin-resistant isolates of 31 % and 54,2 % in 2013 and 2014 respectively were found. Increased antimicrobial resistance to aminopenicillins (90,3 %) and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (20,8 %) was found among coliform bacteria. However, due to the geographically limited sampling area, this increased resistance development cannot be extrapolated to the whole of Switzerland. The results, however, show that the resistance situation of some bacteria is alarming regionally. To counteract this, the use of antibiotics for the treatment of subclinical or clinical mastitis should be reconsidered. Bacterial milk culture is always indicated to ensure specific bacterial treatment with or without antibiotics.</p>","PeriodicalId":21544,"journal":{"name":"Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde","volume":"167 7","pages":"395-404"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144584720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Vomitus in a white shepherd dog - What's your diagnosis?]","authors":"L von Boehmer, D Baumann, D Damur, S Quante, M Dennler, T Glaus","doi":"10.17236/sat00459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17236/sat00459","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Acute disease of any visceral organ, including an intrathoracic organ, can cause nausea and an acute abdomen. If acute vomiting can neither be explained by clinical examination nor laboratory and radiology findings, the etiolgy must be searched outside the gastrointestinal tract in less common locations. Testicular torsion was the cause in the present report.</p>","PeriodicalId":21544,"journal":{"name":"Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde","volume":"167 7","pages":"406-411"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144584722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Is the megaesophagus test valid for White Swiss Shepherds (Berger Blanc Suisse)?]","authors":"A Kehl, C Schelling","doi":"10.17236/sat00460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17236/sat00460","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Gene tests play an important role for controlling monogenetic diseases because they reveal a genotype for each tested dog and thereby allow for the selection of animals with a lower genetic burden. For some complex inherited diseases and anomalies so called risk-tests are available and may support the selection of breeding animals. They analyze DNA-sequence variants which render a higher risk for carriers to develop a disease or anomaly. The usefulness of a risk-test for congenital idiopathic megaoesophagus (CIM-test) in German shepherds was analyzed in the closely related breed of White Swiss shepherds. The results showed clearly that the CIM-test in this breed is almost not informative, and a selection would probably not reduce the prevalence but only lower the genetic variability. Breeders and owners should be informed accordingly.</p>","PeriodicalId":21544,"journal":{"name":"Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde","volume":"167 7","pages":"412-416"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144584721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transfusion related acute lung injury and associated transient pulmonary hypertension in a dog.","authors":"S Pagnamenta, C Müller, S Meunier, M Dennler, T M Glaus","doi":"10.17236/sat00457","DOIUrl":"10.17236/sat00457","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Blood transfusions have become very important for supportive treatment of anemic animals. However, blood products are not innocuous substances, even if blood is typed and compatibility evaluated before transfusion. Multiple adverse reactions are possible, and the risk is markedly increased in already critically ill patients. One of the organ systems potentially affected by a blood transfusion is the respiratory tract, including transfusion related acute lung injury (TRALI). The present case report describes in detail the development of acute non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema and associated severe pulmonary hypertension a few hours after a packed red blood cell transfusion. With supportive care the dog recovered clinically, radiographically, and echocardiographically within days. Though considered rare in veterinary medicine, TRALI is an important potential complication of transfusion of blood products.</p>","PeriodicalId":21544,"journal":{"name":"Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde","volume":"167 6","pages":"352-360"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144151860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Possible side effects of hormonal castration in a dog].","authors":"L V Kost, K J Rohner","doi":"10.17236/sat00454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17236/sat00454","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>A young, healthy male Labrador developed regurgitation, diarrhea, and decreased general condition after hormonal castration using a deslorelin implant (Suprelorin®) and concurrent cyproterone acetate injection. The gastrointestinal symptoms improved with symptomatic treatment, but lethargy persisted. The cause of the initial gastrointestinal symptoms is suspected to be impairment of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis by the injected cyproterone acetate. Cyproterone acetate has a known glucocorticoid effect and inhibits the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis like other progestogens. Low-dose (0,1 mg/kg once daily) and high-dose (1 mg/kg once daily) prednisolone therapy led to a slight improvement in the general condition. Seven weeks after the cyproterone acetate injection, the dog was noticeably more active, but only after the surgical removal of the deslorelin implant did the owner considered the dog «back to his old self.« This suggests that the dog's reduced general condition was a side effect of the hormonal neutering. Twenty-one weeks after the deslorelin implant application and cyproterone acetate injection, and fourteen weeks after the last prednisolone administration, the adrenal glands responded normally in the ACTH stimulation test. One year later, the owner describes the dog as healthy without any gastrointestinal symptoms since then.</p>","PeriodicalId":21544,"journal":{"name":"Schweizer Archiv fur Tierheilkunde","volume":"167 5","pages":"301-308"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144034754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}