Schizophrenia Bulletin最新文献

{"title":"How Can We Better Assist Caregivers With Understanding and Addressing the Cognitive Health Needs of People With Psychotic Disorders?","authors":"Shayden Bryce, Amanda Sorenson, Debbie Warner, Alex Stainton, Alice Medalia, Caroline Cellard, Isabel Zbukvic, Jacquie Uren, Jessy Smith, Lauren Libeson, Wilma Peters, Kelly Allott","doi":"10.1093/schbul/sbaf062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaf062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cognitive impairment is a prominent feature of psychosis-spectrum disorders that impedes functional recovery. Globally, clinical guidelines recommend that evidence-based treatments, including cognitive remediation and cognitive compensation, are offered to people with psychosis with cognitive impairment. Clinical guidelines also recommend that, where possible, family is involved in the mental health treatment of their loved ones more broadly. Nevertheless, there is little guidance on how to assist family members with understanding and addressing the cognitive health needs of people with psychotic disorders. This is despite a demonstrable relationship between this symptom domain and caregiver burden as well as a clear need for greater professional supports from the perspectives of consumers and carers. In this article, we highlight the impact of cognitive impairment in psychosis on caregiver outcomes and argue the need to increase efforts to promote knowledge about cognitive health among caregivers via cognition-specific psychoeducation and/or more active involvement in cognitive rehabilitation. We showcase some of the existing cognition-specific resources that are available to caregivers and propose areas in need of future research. We conclude this article by presenting several practical recommendations for how clinical teams can advance their support of family members caring for loved ones with psychosis and cognitive impairment when it is clinically appropriate to do so and the consumer their caregiving network are agreeable.</p>","PeriodicalId":21530,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144120622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blunted Niacin Skin Flushing Response in Schizophrenia: A Meta-analysis.","authors":"Jinfeng Wang, Qian Wang, Dandan Wang, Yan Gao, Shuhui Li, Tianqi Wang, Hao Liu, Huiling Wang, Xiaowen Hu, Chunling Wan","doi":"10.1093/schbul/sbaf069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaf069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and hypothesis: </strong>The multifactorial pathogenesis of schizophrenia (SZ) hinders the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder. Niacin skin flushing response (NSFR) has been identified as an endophenotype for SZ, but the proportion of blunted NSFR (BNR) varied between studies. This study aims to clarify the relationship between NSFR and SZ through a meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scopus databases were searched for articles published until May 2024, and 32 studies were eligible. Using random-effects models, we examined the characteristics of NSFR in SZ, including the reaction degree, speed, sensitivity, and risk and prevalence of BNR. Subgroup analyses and regression analyses were performed to investigate the relevant effect factors of NSFR.</p><p><strong>Study results: </strong>The reaction degree (SMD = -0.90; CI, -1.08 to -0.72), speed (SMD = 0.64; CI, 0.02-1.25), and sensitivity (SMD = 0.89; CI, 0.49-1.29) of NSFR was significantly reduced in SZ compared to healthy controls (HC). Moreover, we observed a positive association between BNR and SZ (OR = 8.50; CI, 5.93-12.19). The overall prevalence of BNR was 58.5% in SZ (CI, 49.3%-67.8%) compared to 11.8% in HC (CI, 7.7%-15.9%). In addition, NSFR detection method, geographical regions, and age were found to have effects on reaction degree and prevalence of BNR.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study confirmed a significantly abnormal NSFR and higher prevalence of BNR in SZ, which highlights the potential facilitation of the diagnosis and personalized intervention of SZ subgroups. In addition, the study points to a need to establish a standardized method for NSFR assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":21530,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144120616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Idealist to Realist-Designing and Implementing Shared Decision-Making Interventions in the Choice of Antipsychotic Prescription in People Living With Psychosis (SHAPE): A Realist Review (Part 2-Designing SDM Interventions: Optimizing Design and Local Implementation).","authors":"Ita Fitzgerald, Jo Howe, Ian Maidment, Emma Wallace, Yaara Zisman-Ilani, Mikkel Højlund, Sarah O'Dwyer, Ciara Ní Dhubhlaing, Erin K Crowley, Laura J Sahm","doi":"10.1093/schbul/sbaf059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaf059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Shared decision-making (SDM) implementation remains limited in psychosis management, particularly within antipsychotic prescribing. When and why prescribers engage in SDM within these contexts is largely unknown. Part 2 of this 2-part realist review aimed to understand what SDM intervention strategies and local implementation contexts are responsible for successful prescriber engagement and why.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>CINAHL Plus, Cochrane Library, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, Sociological Abstracts, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched for evidence to develop realist program theories explaining relationships between meso- and micro-level contexts and impact on prescriber behaviors.</p><p><strong>Study results: </strong>From 106 included documents, 5 program theories were developed explaining mechanisms responsible for increasing prescriber engagement with desired behaviors, alongside facilitative features within service delivery contexts and workforce development. Key mechanisms included reducing prescriber fear of sole responsibility for harm, reducing the perceived burden of SDM, increasing prescriber confidence in their ability to productively negotiate treatment consultations and their confidence to safely increase patient autonomy within decision-making. These mechanisms should be the focus of those interested in designing SDM interventions to increase prescriber engagement and those responsible for translating results of effective interventions into real-world settings to ensure facilitative contexts are maintained.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Intervention strategies that should be prioritized for scale-up include attempting SDM within existing therapeutic relationships, adopting a multidisciplinary team (MDT) responsibility for SDM implementation, and workforce training in skillsets required of effective SDM application. Efforts to standardize psychosis care via MDTs and systematically reduce discontinuity and fragmentation of care are required at policy-level.</p>","PeriodicalId":21530,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144111766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Idealist to Realist-Designing and Implementing Shared Decision-Making Interventions in the Choice of Antipsychotic Prescription in People Living with Psychosis (SHAPE): A Realist Review.","authors":"Ita Fitzgerald, Laura J Sahm, Ian Maidment, Emma Wallace, Yaara Zisman-Ilani, Mikkel Højlund, Sarah O'Dwyer, Ciara Ní Dhubhlaing, Erin K Crowley, Jo Howe","doi":"10.1093/schbul/sbaf058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaf058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Shared decision-making (SDM) implementation remains limited in psychosis management, particularly within antipsychotic prescribing. When and why prescribers engage in SDM within these contexts is largely unknown. Part 1 of this two-part realist review aimed to understand the impact of structural and contextual factors on prescriber engagement in SDM within antipsychotic prescribing.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>CINAHL Plus, Cochrane Library, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, Sociological Abstracts, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched for evidence to develop realist program theories outlining the relationship between macro-level contexts and their impact on prescriber behaviors.</p><p><strong>Study results: </strong>From 106 included documents, five program theories explaining relationships between (i) leadership and governance, (ii) workforce development, and (iii) service delivery contexts and their impact on reducing prescriber engagement with behaviors required of SDM application were developed. No facilitative macro-level contexts were identified. Key mechanisms reducing prescriber engagement in desired behaviors include fear of individual blame for adverse outcomes and exposure to liability, pressure from service environments to prioritize decreasing risk of harm, devaluing of experiential knowledge, and beliefs that SDM conflicts with duties of beneficence and non-maleficence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Even empirically efficacious interventions will be difficult to implement at scale within real-world settings due to misalignment with complex cultural, legal, and professional realities prominent therein. Mechanisms responsible for reducing prescriber engagement in SDM should be the target of structural interventions necessary to support contextual integration into psychosis management. Part 2 outlines features of service delivery contexts, workforce development, and technology that can increase prescriber engagement in SDM.</p>","PeriodicalId":21530,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144111778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors and Outcomes Associated with 25-Year Cognitive Decline in Psychotic Disorders","authors":"Yuan Yang, Sean A P Clouston, Abraham Reichenberg, Jennifer L Callahan, Camilo Javier Ruggero, Gabrielle A Carlson, Evelyn J Bromet, Roman Kotov, Katherine Jonas","doi":"10.1093/schbul/sbaf051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaf051","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Hypothesis Cognitive impairment, a key feature of psychosis, is linked to poor functional outcomes. This study aimed to identify predictors and outcomes associated with cognitive decline in psychotic disorders. Study Design Data were taken from the Suffolk County Mental Health Project, a first-admission longitudinal cohort study of individuals with psychotic disorders. Participants were recruited from all 12 inpatient psychiatric facilities in Suffolk County, New York. Cognitive function was assessed at 6-month, 24-month, 20-year, and 25-year follow-ups. This analysis includes 400 participants with at least 2 estimates of general cognitive ability. A mixed effects model with random slopes and random intercepts was employed to estimate individual cognitive trajectories. The estimated random slopes for each participant were then used to predict 25-year clinical outcomes. Study Results No baseline predictors of subsequent cognitive decline were identified. Faster cognitive decline was associated with lower odds of remission, recovery, employment, financial independence, and worse social function 25 years after first admission. Conclusion Cognitive decline may be an indicator of illness severity more broadly and may therefore be a useful indicator of who might benefit from known interventions targeting clinical outcomes. Intervening in cognitive decline itself may have widespread beneficial effects on outcomes in psychotic disorders.","PeriodicalId":21530,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Bulletin","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144088284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Of Movies and Madness: Recalling Schizophrenia.","authors":"Susan Weiner","doi":"10.1093/schbul/sbaf057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaf057","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21530,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144094672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Restoring Course as a Core Diagnostic Element of Psychotic Disorders","authors":"Bruce M Cohen, Dost Öngür","doi":"10.1093/schbul/sbaf065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaf065","url":null,"abstract":"Background Foundational models of the psychoses included course as a core element differentiating patients. Current models, ICD-11 and DSM-5, only require symptom criteria to be met to make a diagnosis. We explore the proposition that making course designation essential, again, would improve the categorization of patients with psychotic disorders. Study Design We briefly discuss the history by which symptoms, alone, became the primary elements required for diagnosis. We review past and recent evidence on the best models for differentiating among psychoses. Study Results The use of course designations, along with symptoms, produces the best fit to the way in which psychotic disorders present and progress. It also matches how clinicians assess patients and choose therapeutic interventions. A model including course as a factor is more accurate and complete than models using symptoms alone. And it produces groups of patients that are likely to be more homogeneous than purely symptom-based models. The degree of heterogeneity among patients classified together within current International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) categories can lead to false findings in research and a lack of clarity on the best treatment in individual cases. Increasing homogeneity in diagnostic groups, by including course designations, could advantage clinical care, clinical trials, and research on underlying pathogenic mechanisms. Conclusions Adding a course as a diagnostic element is practical. Clinicians already consider it. Specifying courses can be required in making a diagnosis. Doing so is evidence based and enhances the accuracy and value of diagnoses. We recommend restoring the course as a core element of any new diagnostic system.","PeriodicalId":21530,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Bulletin","volume":"18 70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144083182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal Development of Neurocognitive Functioning and Gray Matter Volume in Youths With Recurrent Psychosis Spectrum Symptoms","authors":"Ting Yat Wong, Tyler M Moore, Noah Hillman, Monica E Calkins, Sarah Shahriar, Tyler Dietterich, Kosha Ruparel, David R Roalf, Daniel H Wolf, Theodore D Satterthwaite, Arielle Ered, Raquel E Gur, Ruben C Gur","doi":"10.1093/schbul/sbaf049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaf049","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Hypothesis Neurodevelopmental risk-factor models of psychosis highlight the importance of early developmental deviations in the emergence of psychosis. However, few longitudinal studies map neurodevelopment and neurocognitive trajectories across age in preclinical psychosis. We investigated longitudinal trajectories in neurocognition and brain volume in a community cohort of adolescents with recurrent psychosis spectrum (PS) symptoms, tracking their development into young adulthood compared to their typically developing (TD) peers. Study Design Utilizing the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort, we analyzed data of 231 youths aged 8-30 with at least one follow-up assessment, including 88 with PS. Study Results Individuals with PS showed similar developmental trajectories but demonstrated significant impairments in executive functioning (t = −2.81, q = 0.010), memory (t = −2.34, q = 0.019), complex cognition (t = −3.72, q = 0.001), social cognition (t = −2.73, q = 0.010), motor (t = −2.50, q = 0.015), and general cognition (t = −3.20, q = 0.004). Lower cortical (t = −2.46, P = .014) and subcortical (t = −2.41, P = .016) gray matter volume in the recurrent PS group compared to the TD group were documented with age-related group differences becoming less pronounced by young adulthood. Further analyses revealed age-by-group interactions (qs &amp;lt; 0.05) observed in a few temporal and frontal regions, with differences between groups at earlier ages. Conclusions These findings suggest that recurrent PS symptoms are linked to early neurocognitive and brain structure deficits, highlighting the need for interventions to reduce psychosis risk and support healthy neurodevelopment.","PeriodicalId":21530,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Bulletin","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144083177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychosocial Management of First-Episode Psychosis and Schizophrenia: Synopsis of the US Department of Veterans Affairs and US Department of Defense Clinical Practice Guidelines","authors":"Noosha Niv, Fuad Issa, Richard Goldberg, Pia R Khandekar, Kate McGraw, James T Reston, Shannon Ford, Ira Katz, Sandra G Resnick","doi":"10.1093/schbul/sbaf035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaf035","url":null,"abstract":"Background Despite the large number of people treated for first-episode psychosis and schizophrenia within the Departments of Defense (DOD) and Veterans Affairs (VA), neither the DOD nor VA had established formal recommendations for the treatment of these conditions. This gap led Congress to require the development of clinical practice guidelines (CPG) for the treatment of schizophrenia. This paper reports on the psychosocial and rehabilitative recommendations presented in the VA/DOD Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of First-Episode Psychosis and Schizophrenia. Study Design The CPG was developed by an interdisciplinary panel of mental health and primary care providers from DOD and VA following methods specified by the VA/DOD Evidence-Based Practice Guideline Work Group. The panel formulated key questions and identified critical outcomes that guided a comprehensive search of the literature published from November 2011 to December 2021. The evidence considered was limited to systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and randomized clinical trials. Recommendations were based on the evaluation of the evidence using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methods. Study Results The review process produced 4 psychosocial/rehabilitative treatment recommendations for first-episode psychosis (early intervention services, family interventions, individual placement and support (IPS), and cognitive behavioral therapy for psychosis) and 11 recommendations for schizophrenia (family and caregiver services, assertive community treatment, IPS, smoking cessation, skills training, cognitive training, psychotherapies, aerobic exercise, yoga, weight management, and telephone-based care management). Conclusions The VA/DOD CPG reflects the expansion of treatments for first-episode psychosis and schizophrenia and highlights the challenges in developing clinical practice guidelines.","PeriodicalId":21530,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Bulletin","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143940271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transdiagnostic Neurocognitive Endophenotypes for Schizophrenia, Bipolar I Disorder and a Broad Psychosis/Bipolar I Disorder Phenotype: A Mega-Analysis of Twin and Sibling Data","authors":"Eugenia Kravariti, Anna-Maria Fragkaki, Anna Georgiades, Alastair G Cardno, Fergus Kane, Sridevi Kalidindi, Katja K Schulze, Colm McDonald, Marco M Picchioni, Mei-Hua Hall, Cameron J Watson, Birte Y Glenthøj, Bjørn H Ebdrup, Birgitte Fagerlund, Cecilie K Lemvigh, Neeltje E M Van Haren, Rene Kahn, Robin M Murray, Fruhling Rijsdijk, Timothea Toulopoulou","doi":"10.1093/schbul/sbaf050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaf050","url":null,"abstract":"Background Psychiatric research is increasingly embracing a paradigm shift from categorical diagnoses to neurobiologically meaningful dimensions that cross current diagnostic boundaries. This transposition calls for redefining endophenotypes to accommodate transdiagnostic vulnerabilities. We sought to identify shared and disorder-specific neurocognitive endophenotypes for schizophrenia, bipolar I disorder (BD-I) and a broad psychosis/BD-I phenotype in a mega-analysis of twin/sibling data. Study Design We performed genetic model fitting to intelligence (IQ) and computerised neurocognitive data derived from 1050 twins/siblings from three research centres in the UK, Denmark and the Netherlands, affected (n = 257) or unaffected (n = 793) by schizophrenia, other primary psychoses and BD-I. We examined the endophenotypic status of IQ, spatial working memory (SWM), visual recognition, sustained attention/rapid visual processing (RVP), mental flexibility, and spatial planning/problem solving (all validated as endophenotypes for schizophrenia in previous studies) in relation to schizophrenia, BD-I and the broad phenotype. Study Results After covarying for age, gender, education and research centre, IQ and SWM emerged as transdiagnostic endophenotypes, showing statistically significant heritabilities (h2 67–75% and 28–30%, respectively), phenotypic correlations (rph |0.14|-|0.25|) and genetic correlations (rg |0.18|-|0.42|) with all diagnostic phenotypes. Additionally, all remaining cognitive domains received validation as endophenotypes for the broad phenotype, and all, but RVP, for schizophrenia. Conclusions IQ and SWM tap into transdiagnostic elements of the genetic vulnerabilities to psychosis and BD-I. Our findings add to emergent evidence which spurs cautious optimism that a psychiatric nosology based on aetiology rather than phenotypical classifications may be feasible in the future, enabling biotyping and novel approaches to treatment.","PeriodicalId":21530,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Bulletin","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143930758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}