Rivista di psichiatria最新文献

{"title":"Binge eating disorder, impulsivity and bipolar spectrum features in a sample of obese candidates for bariatric surgery.","authors":"Lucia Massa,&nbsp;Marianna Abelli,&nbsp;Francesco Forfori,&nbsp;Luca Di Paolo,&nbsp;Antonella Benvenuti,&nbsp;Laura Palagini,&nbsp;Bruno Pacciardi,&nbsp;Accursio Raia,&nbsp;Valerio Caruso,&nbsp;Stefano Pini","doi":"10.1708/4022.39977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1708/4022.39977","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Candidates for bariatric surgery are routinely screened for psychiatric disorders because abnormal eating behaviors are considered common among these patients. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency and persistence, in terms of one month-to-lifetime prevalence ratio, of binge eating disorder (BED) and the potential association with impulsivity features and bipolar spectrum comorbidity in a sample of obese patients undergoing a psychiatric evaluation for bariatric intervention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Overall, 80 candidates to bariatric surgery were assessed consecutively over 12 months within the framework of a collaboration between the University of Pisa Psychiatry and Internal Medicine Departments. Patients were evaluated through structured clinical interviews and self-report questionnaires.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The lifetime and last-month frequencies of BED according to DSM-5 criteria were 46.3% and 17.5%, respectively, with a prevalence ratio of 37.8%. Rates of formal bipolar disorder diagnoses were extremely low in patients with or without BED. However, patients with BED showed more severe dyscontrol, attentional impulsivity and bipolar spectrum features than patients with no BED.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The relationship of BED, impulsivity, and mood disorders in bariatric patients is more complex than usually reported in the literature. In particular, the presence of bipolar spectrum features should be systematically investigated in these patients because of their essential clinical and therapeutical implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":21506,"journal":{"name":"Rivista di psichiatria","volume":"58 2","pages":"76-83"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9329140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of differently modulated communications on the covid-19 pandemic in the young population.","authors":"Cesare Maria Cornaggia,&nbsp;Pietro G Lovaglio,&nbsp;Michele A Riva,&nbsp;Miryam Mazzucchelli,&nbsp;Daniele Piscitelli,&nbsp;Giorgio Vittadini","doi":"10.1708/4022.39974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1708/4022.39974","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Media communication during the covid-19 pandemic has been relevant for the population to receive information about the ongoing number of cases, deaths, and social restriction measures. Notably, the effects of the communication methods on young adults during the covid-19 pandemic have not been studied. Therefore the present study aimed to investigate the influence of communication modality about covid-19 on the perception of risk and judgment among young adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A double-blind cross-sectional study was designed. Three hundred four subjects (age range19-25 years old) saw a 4-minute video concerning data communication on the covid-19 pandemic and compiled an online questionnaire about their perceptions. Two videos were randomized, one presenting the covid-19 data negatively (HARD video) while the other showed a positive ongoing resolution of the pandemic (SOFT video). Association tests and nominal logistic regression were used to evaluate differences in responses among the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The two videos lead to different reactions. Participants showed higher disagreement concerning the video content in the \"SOFT\" group compared to the \"HARD\" group. The responses of the \"SOFT\" group were more to be optimistic (OR=2.87, 95% CI 1.311-6.27) than those who had seen the \"HARD\" video. The sense of helplessness was lower in the \"SOFT\" compared \"HARD\" group (OR=3.02, 95% CI 1.311-6.96). The perception of fear was higher for the \"HARD\" group (OR=2.91, 95% CI 1.21-7-02).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The modality of data presentation influenced the perception and feelings about the covid-19 pandemic. Likely, pre-existing perception of a pessimistic perspective was present in both groups; thus, the video did not lead to any change in the behavior.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The phobic or counter-phobic reactions shown in the study participants highlighted the importance of the reliability of the information received and how previous feelings may influence the perception of the information.</p>","PeriodicalId":21506,"journal":{"name":"Rivista di psichiatria","volume":"58 2","pages":"50-58"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9329136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Violence in severe mental disorders: the association with age at onset and gender.","authors":"Dalila Talevi,&nbsp;Francesca Pacitti,&nbsp;Alessandro Rossi,&nbsp;Manuela Costa,&nbsp;Valentina Socci,&nbsp;Rodolfo Rossi","doi":"10.1708/3964.39428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1708/3964.39428","url":null,"abstract":"AIM The aim of this study is to investigate the relation between perpetration and victimization of violence with gender and age at onset of mental disorders in patients with severe mental disorders. METHODS 216 patients were recruited and evaluated with the Italian version of the Karolinska Interpersonal Violence Scale. RESULTS We found higher levels of victimization of violence in women than men and more violence in patients with lower age at onset. DISCUSSION Gender and age at onset impact on violence in the adult life in a sample of patients with severe mental disorders. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirmed the need of an early diagnosis and gender-tailored management of interpersonal violence.","PeriodicalId":21506,"journal":{"name":"Rivista di psichiatria","volume":"58 1","pages":"27-29"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10589928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic value and correlation analysis of deregulated oxy-Hb disorder in cognitive impairment in patients with alcohol dependence.","authors":"Jinglin Bai,&nbsp;Xiuqin Huang,&nbsp;Zhanping Ma,&nbsp;Xiangyang Zheng,&nbsp;Bowen Ji","doi":"10.1708/3964.39429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1708/3964.39429","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To explore the expression of oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) in the brain of patients with alcohol dependence. Further, to evaluate the diagnostic value of oxy-Hb in the cognitive impairment of patients with alcohol dependence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventy-one alcohol-dependent adults and 70 healthy adults were recruited in the observation and control groups, respectively. The oxy-Hb level and scores of Wisconsin card sorting test, brief visuospatial memory test-revised, digital sequence test, digital span test, and continuous performance test were recorded and compared between the two groups. Further, the sensitivity and specificity of the oxy-Hb level for the diagnosis of cognitive impairment in patients with alcohol dependence were evaluated by drawing an ROC curve. Moreover, the correlation between the oxy-Hb level and cognitive function test scores was analyzed by Pearson's correlation analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During cognitive activities, the oxy-Hb levels in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (p<0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) of oxy-Hb was 0.930, and the sensitivity and specificity were 89.1% and 84.0%, respectively. The scores of responses administered, trials to compete first category, perseverative responses, and the perseverative response errors in executive function in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (p<0.001), whereas the correct responses score and categories completed score were lower than those in the control group (p<0.001). Similarly, the memory and attention scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group (p<0.001). Moreover, the scores of correct responses, categories completed, brief visuospatial memory test-revised, digital sequence test, digital span test, and continuous performance test were positively correlated with the level of oxy-Hb (p<0.05). However, the scores of responses administered, trials to compete first category, and perseverative response errors were negatively correlated with the oxy-Hb level (p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The oxy-Hb levels are reduced in patients with alcohol dependence and have high diagnostic accuracy for cognitive impairment in such patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":21506,"journal":{"name":"Rivista di psichiatria","volume":"58 1","pages":"30-36"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10597513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A preliminary study on similarities and dissimilarities of Neurological Soft Signs in schizophrenic and obsessive-compulsive disorders suggests a common maldevelopmental model.","authors":"Giuseppe Bersani,&nbsp;Adele Quartini,&nbsp;Giorgiana Manuali,&nbsp;Francesca Pacitti,&nbsp;Angela Iannitelli","doi":"10.1708/3964.39427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1708/3964.39427","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Neurological Soft Signs (NSS) represent minor neurological signs related to non-specific cerebral alterations. They have been documented in many psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia (SCZ) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Aim of this study was to determine and compare the incidence and severity of NSS in patients with SCZ, in patients with OCD, and healthy control subjects (HCs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the Neurological Evaluation Scale (NES), this study investigated NSS in 15 SCZ patients, 14 OCD patients, and 15 HCs. PANSS and Y-BOCS were used to evaluate clinical picture in both groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with SCZ showed significantly higher scores compared to HCs in the NES total and each of the three NES subscales (Integrative Sensory Function, Motor Coordination, and Sequencing of Complex Motor Acts). Patients with OCD also showed significantly higher scores compared to HCs in the NES total, Motor Coordination and Sequencing of Complex Motor Acts, but not in Integrative Sensory Function. No significant differences emerged in the NES total and the various subscales scores between the two patients' groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results seem to confirm the presence of NSS in both SCZ and OCD. The different types of NSS presented by the two patients' groups versus HCs further supports the findings of widespread cerebral alterations in SCZ, on the other hand, with a preferential involvement of prefrontal and frontal cortex in OCD.</p>","PeriodicalId":21506,"journal":{"name":"Rivista di psichiatria","volume":"58 1","pages":"21-26"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10597515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathology of imagination in an adolescent at clinical high-risk for psychosis.","authors":"Michele Poletti,&nbsp;Andrea Raballo","doi":"10.1708/3964.39430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1708/3964.39430","url":null,"abstract":"We report a pathological imagination process in an adolescent at clinical high-risk for psychosis, associated with the presence of self-disorders. The subjective experience associated with pathological imagination helped in distinguishing such mental activity from intrusive thoughts of obsessive-compulsive patients; moreover, such anomalous imagination focused on other people may be an adaptive process triggered by negative emotionality against others that appear difficult or impossible to relationally grasp and attune with. In conclusion, anomalies of imaginations may occur within the schizophrenic spectrum since adolescent prodromal stages, associated with self-disorders.","PeriodicalId":21506,"journal":{"name":"Rivista di psichiatria","volume":"58 1","pages":"37-39"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10597514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccine hesitancy and psychopathology. A narrative review.","authors":"Bernardo Carpiniello","doi":"10.1708/3964.39425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1708/3964.39425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vaccine hesitancy is a term used to refer to a series of attitudes ranging from reluctance to undergo vaccination to blatant refusal. In the context of the current pandemic, vaccine hesitancy is viewed as one of the ten major threats to public health. This narrative review, based on analysis of the most important literature reports on this topic, aims to illustrate the dimensions of vaccine hesitancy and the numerous sociodemographic and individual determinants involved, with particular reference to psychopathology, a somewhat neglected, but potentially relevant factor.</p>","PeriodicalId":21506,"journal":{"name":"Rivista di psichiatria","volume":"58 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10597516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Similar grey matter abnormalities in 22q11.2DS and chronic schizophrenia: a voxel-based morphometry study.","authors":"Marianna Frascarelli,&nbsp;Tommaso Accinni,&nbsp;Antonino Buzzanca,&nbsp;Carlo Di Bonaventura,&nbsp;Martina Fanella,&nbsp;Carolina Putotto,&nbsp;Bruno Marino,&nbsp;Massimo Pasquini,&nbsp;Massimo Biondi,&nbsp;Claudio Colonnese,&nbsp;Fabio Di Fabio","doi":"10.1708/3964.39426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1708/3964.39426","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11.2DS) is considered the most reliable biological model to study genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia. It appears useful to investigate neuroanatomical characteristics of people with 22q11.2DS compared to chronic schizophrenia and healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The sample consisted of 16 individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia for over 10 years (SCZ>10), 14 with a diagnosis for less than 10 years (SCZ≤10), 11 patients with 22q11.2DS with no diagnosis of psychotic disorder (DEL, n=11) and 19 healthy controls (HCs, n=19). Global intelligence (IQ) was evaluated for all subjects. Voxel-Based Morphometry (VBM) was employed to investigate potential differences between groups in grey matter volumes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>VBM located the most significant difference between SCZ and HCs in the left medial frontal gyrus, where SCZ>10 group showed a significant reduction of grey matter volume; the same cluster resulted significantly decreased in DEL group compared to HCs as well. Despite the extensive grey matter abnormalities observed in 22q11.2DS, the DEL group showed the only significant differences compared to the SCZ>10 group in the right lingual gyrus volumes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite the small sample, our study identified a common area of grey matter loss both in idiopathic schizophrenia and 22q11.2DS.</p>","PeriodicalId":21506,"journal":{"name":"Rivista di psichiatria","volume":"58 1","pages":"10-20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10589927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new tool to assess the occurrence of personality traits: the Phenomenological Personality Factor questionnaire.","authors":"Natascia De Lucia,&nbsp;Mauro Nelson Maldonato,&nbsp;Valeria Cioffi,&nbsp;Lucia Luciana Mosca,&nbsp;Elena Gigante,&nbsp;Nicole Nascivera,&nbsp;Enrico Moretto,&nbsp;Benedetta Muzii,&nbsp;Mario Bottone,&nbsp;Daniela Cantone,&nbsp;Raffaele Sperandeo","doi":"10.1708/3922.39075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1708/3922.39075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Personality traits are patterns of thoughts, feelings and actions that are usually assessed by means of psychometric questionnaires. In the present study we described the Phenomenological Personality Factor (PPF), a short questionnaire assessing the personality traits, taking into account the different interpretative models of personality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A sample of 554 healthy subjects (357 female; 197 males) aged 18-60 years were enrolled. Each participant was required to complete PPF, by indicating the presence/absence of the individual personality trait, and the Italian version of the Affective Neuroscience Personality Scale (ANPS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The principal component analysis showed that seven factors explained the 35.07% of the total variance. Moreover, the correlation analysis revealed that the PPF components were significantly and positively associated with the ANPS scales.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that the PPF is a useful questionnaire to assess the personality traits, and the adaptive functioning, in healthy individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":21506,"journal":{"name":"Rivista di psichiatria","volume":"57 6","pages":"291-298"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10417045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Shanti De Corte case: euthanasia for mental disorder between clinic and bioethics, between law and medico-legal implications.","authors":"Giuseppe Bersani,&nbsp;Raffaella Rinaldi,&nbsp;Angela Iannitelli","doi":"10.1708/3922.39077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1708/3922.39077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In recent months, a great uproar has been aroused by the case of a 23-year-old Belgian woman who requested and obtained euthanasia because she was suffering from a mental disorder, in the absence of any somatic pathology. The news raises some questions and stimulates some reflections both on the general theme of euthanasia carried out for the simple presence of a mental disorder, and for the indefiniteness of the clinical information on the case in question, as well as on the ethical and medico-legal questions connected to such indefiniteness.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>The information on the case was derived essentially from the press and from websites, with no specific access to actual clinical documentation and without in-depth knowledge of case details. One wonders what the real clinical diagnosis of the patient was, only hypothetically identifiable in a Post-traumatic Stress Disorder associated with Major or Chronic Depressive Disorder, probably on the basis of a possible Personality Disorder. One wonders if all the necessary therapeutic interventions had been implemented, in a clinical case that did not theoretically have the characteristics of incurability. One wonders why the death request was considered valid, in a subject perhaps suffering from a mental disorder of such severity as to alter the ability to express valid consent to medical treatment. One wonders why the death request was not considered as an indicator of the severity of the disease, rather than simply being considered as a free choice of a subject capable of self-determination. One wonders why the negative opinion of the patient's family members was not considered.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Belgian legislation provides for euthanasia for patients suffering from mental disorders who, like those suffering from somatic disorders, experience a condition of constant, unbearable and incurable suffering. But the case in question raises numerous perplexities both on the clinical and ethical coherence of Belgian legislation and on the ways in which the rules of this legislation have been observed in this specific situation.</p>","PeriodicalId":21506,"journal":{"name":"Rivista di psichiatria","volume":"57 6","pages":"303-307"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10417047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}