Rofo-fortschritte Auf Dem Gebiet Der Rontgenstrahlen Und Der Bildgebenden Verfahren最新文献

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence in Radiology: Methodological Foundations, Clinical Applications, and Emerging Multimodal Models.","authors":"Christoph Alexander Stueckle, Matthias Limbrock, Patrick Haage","doi":"10.1055/a-2944-0073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2944-0073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly shaping radiology, by performing tasks ranging from image reconstruction and workflow optimization to image analysis, reporting support, and multimodal clinical decision support. This narrative review provides a structured overview of the methodological foundations and clinical evolution of AI in radiology. We first outline the historical development from early rule-based expert systems and classical feature engineering to data-driven machine learning. We then explain the core principles of neural networks, including network depth, nonlinear activation functions, loss-based optimization, and backpropagation, before discussing convolutional neural networks (CNNs) as the dominant architecture for image-based learning in radiology. Particular emphasis is placed on inductive biases such as locality, parameter sharing, and translation equivariance, as well as on encoder-decoder architectures and U-Net-based approaches for segmentation. Subsequently, we discuss attention mechanisms, Transformer architectures, and their role in modeling long-range dependencies in medical imaging. We distinguish Vision Transformers, which process images as token sequences, from vision-language models, which align imaging data with textual information and enable multimodal tasks such as report generation, image-text retrieval, and visual question answering. Recent radiology-specific foundation models and large language models are considered in the context of workflow support, structured reporting, knowledge integration, and emerging multimodal image interpretation. Finally, we address key challenges for clinical translation, including data requirements, bias, generalizability, hallucinations, interpretability, validation, federated learning, and regulatory aspects such as the EU AI Act and the Medical Device Regulation. A basic understanding of these methodological principles is essential for radiologists to critically evaluate current AI systems and to contribute to their safe, transparent, and clinically meaningful implementation.</p><p><strong>Key points: </strong>· AI increasingly supports the entire radiological imaging chain.. · CNNs remain central, while Transformers and VLMs enable multimodal AI.. · Foundation models are moving AI toward integrated clinical decision support.. · Clinical implementation requires validation, regulation, workflow integration, and human oversight..</p><p><strong>Citation format: </strong>· Stueckle CA, Limbrock M, Haage P. Artificial Intelligence in Radiology: Methodological Foundations, Clinical Applications, and Emerging Multimodal Models. Rofo 2026; DOI 10.1055/a-2944-0073.</p>","PeriodicalId":21490,"journal":{"name":"Rofo-fortschritte Auf Dem Gebiet Der Rontgenstrahlen Und Der Bildgebenden Verfahren","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149017867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knee MRI Features Associated with Baker Cyst Presence and Size: Anatomical, Degenerative, and Synovial Factors.","authors":"Hande Ozen Atalay, Gizem Timocin Yigman, Erol Erinc Dokuyucu","doi":"10.1055/a-2942-7551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2942-7551","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To comprehensively evaluate anatomical, degenerative, and synovial factors associated with Baker cyst presence and volume on knee MRI.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 219 patients who underwent knee MRI between January 2025 and December 2025 (119 with Baker cysts, 100 controls). Recorded variables included medial femoral condyle dimensions (distal and posterior articular diameters, width, length), patellofemoral/trochlear morphology, degenerative findings, effusion grade, the arrangement pattern between the medial head of the gastrocnemius and the semimembranosus tendon and Baker cyst volume. Group comparisons and multivariable logistic and log-linear models were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with cysts had a significantly smaller posterior articular diameter of the medial condyle than the controls (median 29.8 vs. 32.5 mm, p<0.001), the strongest anatomical discriminator among condylar metrics. Meniscal degeneration, meniscal tear, and anterior cruciate ligament mucoid degeneration showed significant association with cyst presence. Cyst volume correlated positively with effusion (ρ=0.38, p<0.001), medial condyle size parameters, and degenerative findings. Tendon arrangement morphology showed an ordinal trend with volume (concave→flat→convex). In multivariable analysis for cyst presence, the posterior articular diameter of the medial condyle remained an independent anatomical predictor. However, in the log-linear model for cyst volume, effusion emerged as the strongest determinant, with each grade increase associated with a 54% enlargement. The final multivariable model demonstrated good to excellent discrimination for predicting cyst presence (AUC=0.80-0.81).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Baker cyst presence is linked to meniscal and ligament degeneration with additional anatomical features, particularly reduced posterior articular diameter of the medial condyle, while cyst enlargement is primarily associated with effusion and tendon arrangement.</p><p><strong>Key points: </strong>· Baker cyst presence was independently associated with reduced posterior articular diameter of the medial femoral condyle and degenerative knee findings.. · Cyst volume was mainly associated with effusion, with contributions from condylar morphology and tendon arrangement, highlighting distinct predictors of cyst presence and enlargement..</p><p><strong>Citation format: </strong>· Ozen Atalay H, Timocin Yigman G, Dokuyucu EE. Knee MRI Features Associated with Baker Cyst Presence and Size: Anatomical, Degenerative, and Synovial Factors. Rofo 2026; DOI 10.1055/a-2942-7551.</p>","PeriodicalId":21490,"journal":{"name":"Rofo-fortschritte Auf Dem Gebiet Der Rontgenstrahlen Und Der Bildgebenden Verfahren","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149018013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidental cardiac calcified amorphous tumor detected on coronary CT angiography.","authors":"Ramazan Orkun Onder, Uluhan Eryuruk","doi":"10.1055/a-2940-1805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2940-1805","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21490,"journal":{"name":"Rofo-fortschritte Auf Dem Gebiet Der Rontgenstrahlen Und Der Bildgebenden Verfahren","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149017971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Hyperacute M1 Occlusion During the CTA-CTP Interval: The Ghost Infarct Core as a Diagnostic Pitfall - A Case Report].","authors":"Mladen Duric, Pavla Vostra, Heinz Leonhard Voit-Höhne","doi":"10.1055/a-2945-8567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2945-8567","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21490,"journal":{"name":"Rofo-fortschritte Auf Dem Gebiet Der Rontgenstrahlen Und Der Bildgebenden Verfahren","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149017879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconstruction of a Hepatomesenteric Trunk Using the Double-Barrel Technique in Fenestrated Endovascular Aortic Repair.","authors":"Georg Hagleitner, Ilinca Damian, Pierre Schmit, Andreas Zierer, Franz Alfons Fellner","doi":"10.1055/a-2922-2686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2922-2686","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21490,"journal":{"name":"Rofo-fortschritte Auf Dem Gebiet Der Rontgenstrahlen Und Der Bildgebenden Verfahren","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149017979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Angiography System Generation on Radiation Exposure in Peripheral, Abdominal, and Cerebral Angiography: Comparison Across Three Consecutive Generations.","authors":"Christoph G Lisson, Jochen Breitruck, Konrad Görich, Benedikt Haggenmüller, Nico Sollmann, Arthur P Wunderlich, Meinrad Beer, Catharina S Lisson","doi":"10.1055/a-2944-0126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2944-0126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate radiation exposure in peripheral, abdominal, and cerebral digital subtraction angiography (DSA) across three consecutive equipment generations and to identify technological potential for dose reduction.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>In this retrospective single-center study, 450 patients were examined using three different platforms (150 per system): a conventional system (Allura Xper) and two subsequent generations featuring advanced noise reduction (Allura Clarity and Azurion). The patient cohort was equally distributed among head, abdomen, and lower limb regions. Primary endpoints included total dose-area product (DAP), fluoroscopic dose rate, dose per DSA frame, and the DAP per 3D rotational angiography (3D-RA) for the head. Subjective image quality was evaluated using a 5-point Likert scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Transitioning from the conventional system to the first generation with advanced image processing (Allura Clarity) resulted in a significant reduction in total DAP of 70% (abdomen), 65% (head), and 69% (lower limbs; each p<0.001). This effect was driven by a significant decrease in fluoroscopic dose rate (34-50%) and dose per DSA frame (68-74%). Transitioning to the latest system generation (Azurion) yielded a non-significant yet further reduction of 6-17%. Cerebral 3D-RA demonstrated stable dose requirements across all three generations (p=0.123). Subjective image quality improved significantly with the introduction of noise reduction algorithms (p<0.001), with no significant difference between the two most recent systems (p>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Advanced image processing algorithms are an effective tool for radiation dose reduction in angiography. However, a technological dose plateau appears to have been reached, as the current equipment generation has not shown further significant improvements in radiation dose requirements compared to its immediate predecessor. Dose requirements for 3D-RA do not, at present, benefit significantly from the advantages of modern image processing algorithms.</p><p><strong>Key points: </strong>· State-of-the-art image processing markedly reduces radiation exposure.. · The largest effect was found with Allura Clarity.. · Azurion showed no additional significant dose reduction.. · DSA benefited more than fluoroscopy.. · 3D rotational angiography showed no significant difference in dose..</p><p><strong>Citation format: </strong>· Lisson CG, Breitruck J, Görich K et al. Impact of Angiography System Generation on Radiation Exposure in Peripheral, Abdominal, and Cerebral Angiography: Comparison Across Three Consecutive Generations. Rofo 2026; DOI 10.1055/a-2944-0126.</p>","PeriodicalId":21490,"journal":{"name":"Rofo-fortschritte Auf Dem Gebiet Der Rontgenstrahlen Und Der Bildgebenden Verfahren","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149017996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gossypiboma - A Great Mimicker and a Potential Cause of Acute Abdomen.","authors":"Miljana Bubanja, Ksenija Mijović, Aleksandra Pavic, Dragan Vasin, Andrej Bajec, Nemanja Pavic","doi":"10.1055/a-2945-8493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2945-8493","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21490,"journal":{"name":"Rofo-fortschritte Auf Dem Gebiet Der Rontgenstrahlen Und Der Bildgebenden Verfahren","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148930891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wernicke's Encephalopathy as a Rare Complication of Recurrent Abdominal Surgeries Following Complicated Appendicitis: A Case Report.","authors":"Tunahan Durman, Ahmet Barcin, Cem Kurumoglu, Mehmethan Onur Ekinci, Bugrahan Ahed Cizmeci, Bahar Atasoy","doi":"10.1055/a-2945-8716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2945-8716","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21490,"journal":{"name":"Rofo-fortschritte Auf Dem Gebiet Der Rontgenstrahlen Und Der Bildgebenden Verfahren","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148930807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strahlenschutz ist essenziell für alle medizinischen Fachkräfte, die mit Röntgenstrahlung arbeiten.","authors":"","doi":"10.1055/a-2895-6198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2895-6198","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21490,"journal":{"name":"Rofo-fortschritte Auf Dem Gebiet Der Rontgenstrahlen Und Der Bildgebenden Verfahren","volume":"198 9","pages":"1232"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148832056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Einladung zum 108. Deutschen Röntgenkongress 2027.","authors":"","doi":"10.1055/a-2895-5839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2895-5839","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21490,"journal":{"name":"Rofo-fortschritte Auf Dem Gebiet Der Rontgenstrahlen Und Der Bildgebenden Verfahren","volume":"198 9","pages":"1228-1229"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148832074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}