Samara Journal of Science最新文献

{"title":"Network social capital as a subject of research in education","authors":"Vladimir M. Kildyushkin","doi":"10.55355/snv2023124306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55355/snv2023124306","url":null,"abstract":"The article contains the results of a comparative analysis of the main approaches, directions and methods for studying network social capital in the social sciences and humanities in order to identify the latest and promising scientific areas in specific scientific disciplines. The article notes the growing interest of scientists from various fields – philosophers, sociologists, political scientists, economists and lawyers, teachers and psychologists in the study of the phenomenon of network social capital as a complex and multifaceted category that generates a plurality of approaches and methods for studying its genesis, types, formation mechanisms and measurement parameters. To achieve this goal, multidisciplinary and integrated approaches to research, methods of comparative analysis and classification of information, bibliographic analysis are used. On the basis of the analysis, the essential methodological foundations of the study of network social capital are revealed, the relationship of the methods used (quantitative, qualitative and mixed) with the profile of the scientific discipline that studies network social capital is shown. It is indicated that each scientific discipline brings unique ideas and methods to the study of social capital, including qualitative and quantitative, mixed methods, network analysis, experiment, etc. The author reveals the urgent need for the integration of methodological approaches and research methods of network social capital as an independent field of research based on the synthesis of ideas, concepts and principles of polydisciplinarity and interdisciplinarity.","PeriodicalId":21482,"journal":{"name":"Samara Journal of Science","volume":"103 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141647537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personally oriented model of education in the context of the concept of spiritual and practical development of the world in morality","authors":"A. N. Tsepkova","doi":"10.55355/snv2023124315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55355/snv2023124315","url":null,"abstract":"The article outlines the importance of a personality-oriented model of education in the field of a harmonious combination of the interests of the individual, consisting of free self-development and preservation of individuality, and the interests of Russian society, the most important of which is the self-development of each of its members under the sign of morality. The theoretical foundations of a personality-oriented model of education are outlined: the value of the student’s personality; education of a person of culture as the goal of personality-oriented education; subjective experience of the individual as its content. It is proposed to consider a personality-oriented model of education as a theoretical construct formed by cognitive, axiological, activity-creative and personal modules, including knowledge, values, methods of activity and creativity, personal characteristics, respectively. The content of the activity-creative module is supplemented with such a component as a way of mastering the world in morality. The main provisions of the concept of spiritual and practical mastery of the world in morality are revealed: the mastery of the world by a person in morality presupposes knowledge of morality, which appears not in an explicit form, but in a transformed form – through a special method of assessment, through requirements; the individual not only assimilates moral demands proposed from the outside, but is an active subject in their development. The role of moral consciousness in a person’s spiritual and practical mastery of the world in morality is revealed, providing a search for the value-normative meaning of people’s actions and relationships, on the basis of which the relationships between people are assessed. It is substantiated that students’ spiritual and practical mastery of the world in morality is possible within the framework of a personality-oriented model of education.","PeriodicalId":21482,"journal":{"name":"Samara Journal of Science","volume":"31 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141648370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation of students’ value attitude towards health in physical education classes","authors":"V. T. Volov, Sergey A. Serper","doi":"10.55355/snv2023124302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55355/snv2023124302","url":null,"abstract":"The article poses the problem of educating students focused on preserving and strengthening health. The specificity of value as a relationship and as a value is revealed and the relationship between the concepts of «value» and «attitude» is revealed. It is substantiated that health, acquiring significance for the student, is thereby endowed with personal meaning, acquiring the status of value. The features of the value attitude towards health as a structural formation, the components of which have specific content, are revealed. The structure of students’ value attitude towards health is determined, including cognitive, motivational-value and behavioral components. The content of the components of students’ value attitude towards health is revealed: knowledge about human health, about a healthy lifestyle (cognitive component); the values of «health», «healthy lifestyle», «responsibility», «independence», which take the form of motives for the student’s activities to preserve and strengthen his own health (motivational-value component); actions and actions aimed at preserving and strengthening health – physical activity, proper nutrition, etc. (behavioral component). The possibilities of physical education classes at a university in forming a value-based attitude towards health among students are revealed. The choice of methods is substantiated to effectively form the cognitive component of students’ value attitude towards health (methods such as story, explanation, clarification), the motivational-value component (ethical dialogue, discussion, example, situation of value choice), and the behavioral component (exercise and training). Examples are given of the use of explanation, ethical dialogue, and situations of value choice in physical education classes at a university in order to form students’ value-based attitude to health.","PeriodicalId":21482,"journal":{"name":"Samara Journal of Science","volume":"56 33","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141644317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioral strategy of adaptation of Polypterus senegalus(Polypteridae) with an increase in ambient temperature","authors":"E. G. Evdokimov","doi":"10.55355/snv2023124104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55355/snv2023124104","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the effect of temperature increase on the behaviour of Polypterus under laboratory experimental conditions. To investigate the effect of a change in temperature regime, analysis of video recordings of animal behaviour over eight hours under acclimation conditions and under a constant temperature increase is used. The temperature increase occurred at a rate of 1,125°C/hour. The movement trajectories of the animals under normal conditions and under a sudden increase in ambient temperature are described. The paper presents results on the speed and activity of the fish movements and the number of acts of air entrapment by polypterus from the water surface. The studies show that the increase in temperature leads to an increase in the variability of the animals’ movement trajectories. A steady increase in temperature leads to an increase in the speed and activity of the animals’ movements. As the temperature regime changes, there is an increase in the number of acts of air capture from the water surface. The largest jump in activity change is observed in the second and third hours of temperature increase. The obtained material can serve as a basis for the development of ideas about the behavioural adaptation of bony fishes to the increase in ambient temperature. The observed regularities in the responses to temperature changes will make it possible to improve the technology of polypterus cultivation.","PeriodicalId":21482,"journal":{"name":"Samara Journal of Science","volume":"33 45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141645428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological justification for the effectiveness of recycling organic matter from waste to increase the primary production of cultivated plants","authors":"Тamara A. Gamm, E. Grivko, B. B. Idigenov","doi":"10.55355/snv2023124103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55355/snv2023124103","url":null,"abstract":"The article shows that the method of recycling liquid and solid organic substances obtained as a by-product during the production of biogas from organic waste and composting organic waste with the addition of liquid organic matter in the agroecosystem on ordinary chernozem in the Orenburg Oblast is effective. The standards for the application of liquid and solid organic substances were studied using an indicator culture. Data on the net primary productivity of the agroecosystem are presented. It was found that the reaction of the agroecosystem is more effective in the variant with liquid organic substances. Net primary productivity using the example of potatoes with a rate of application of liquid organic matter of 8 t/ha is 36,97% higher than with the background and application of solid organic matter, and amounted to 22,6 t/ha. They showed that the established standards for the utilization of liquid organic substances are 10 t/ha and solid organic substances are 5 t/ha.","PeriodicalId":21482,"journal":{"name":"Samara Journal of Science","volume":"31 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141645638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodology of designing a professionogram of a technosphere safety specialist","authors":"Larisa N. Gorina, Oksana P. Denisova, Tatyana Y. Freze, A. L. Panishev","doi":"10.55355/snv2023124303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55355/snv2023124303","url":null,"abstract":"The training of specialists for industrial areas and individual industries implies the availability of professional competencies that allow them to perform functional duties efficiently and efficiently. The specifics of professional activity can be expressed by a list of competencies that describe the field of tasks of specialists, their knowledge, skills, competencies, requirements for a specialist, both in terms of theoretical knowledge and practical experience, and personal components necessary for the performance of duties. Is it possible today to talk about a certain set of competencies for a particular profession or activity? There are various types of descriptions of professional activities of specialists: job descriptions, qualification reference books, professional standards, models of specialists, occupational descriptions, professional or qualification structures. Such a variety of formats for describing a profession, type of activity implies their different content, depending on the goals, design tasks, expected result of the project, characteristics of the employee’s activity, data necessary for accounting and control of the result. The purpose of the professionograms is to describe the necessary and sufficient competencies for a particular specialist. Such a description becomes a roadmap for obtaining professional education, for activities, for professional retraining and certification of a specialist. The methodology of designing professionograms is based on an algorithmic approach that allows describing the universal process of developing a professionogram for a specific field of activity.","PeriodicalId":21482,"journal":{"name":"Samara Journal of Science","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141647371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural forming of vegetation cover on black coal mining dumps in the environs of Kopeysk (Chelyabinsk Oblast)","authors":"N. N. Nazarenko, Xenia A. Dolgonos","doi":"10.55355/snv2023124110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55355/snv2023124110","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the current forming of vegetation and biotopes as a result of natural overgrowth of territories disturbed during black coal mining in the environs of Kopeysk town (Chelyabinsk Oblast). The 88 species of vascular plants were detected on the waste banks and spaces between them, the 7 species of vascular plants are woody species. It has been established that in the process of natural overgrowth of dumps, forest and meadow plant communities are actively formed from pioneer ruderal and halophytic communities. By methods of multidimensional statistics, 15 phytocoenochores have been determined and the discriminate of which is d identified by the tree species, which are forming the forest canopy. The identified plant communities are characterized by specific regimes of the fundamental abiotic factors of biotopes and make up a series of biotopic and coenotic substitution, forming a sylvant (forest) and pratant (meadow) successional series. It has been shown that in the process of natural overgrowth, the formation of forest (primarily birch) and meadow coenoses proceeds in parallel, and the invasive species Acer negundo L. plays an active role in sylvatization. It has been established that the leading hand in the formation of the coenotic structure of communities belongs to soil mineralization, acidity, aeration and variability of soil moisture. The obtained data on biotopes and successional series can be used in the development of the biological stage of landfill revegetation after coal mining impacts with the formation of woody or grass plant communities.","PeriodicalId":21482,"journal":{"name":"Samara Journal of Science","volume":"47 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141644460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Possibilities of the academic discipline «Pedagogy» in the development of critical thinking of students – future teachers","authors":"O. M. Semenova","doi":"10.55355/snv2023124311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55355/snv2023124311","url":null,"abstract":"The article provides the author’s definition of the concept of «teacher critical thinking.» The potential of the academic discipline «Pedagogy» is revealed in the formation of critical thinking of students – future teachers. The possibilities of lectures and seminars in the development of critical thinking of students at a pedagogical university are outlined. Lectures allow you to demonstrate manifestations of critical thinking in the professional activities of a teacher: mechanisms for choosing methods, techniques, means of teaching and education, ways of constructing lessons and extracurricular activities. Seminar classes contribute to the development of students’ ability to detect the supra-situational problematic nature of a pedagogical situation, the formation of intellectual and personal qualities necessary for making pedagogical decisions. The logic of how students solve pedagogical situations is proposed, which contributes to the formation of critical thinking of future teachers: 1) orientation of students in the situation (analytical process), which becomes the starting point for determining the pedagogical task (constructive process); 2) obtaining information about the teenager (analytical process), on the basis of which the process of interaction with the teenager is organized (constructive process); 3) analysis of the achieved results (analytical process), leading to the determination of directions for further activities (constructive process). Examples are given of the formation of critical thinking of students – future teachers at lectures and seminars in the academic discipline «Pedagogy».","PeriodicalId":21482,"journal":{"name":"Samara Journal of Science","volume":"80 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141647338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concerning structure-functional features of the leaf apparatus of some stone crops varieties belonging to Prunus (Rosaceae Juss.) genus","authors":"L. Kavelenova, Anna B. Petrova, N. Yankov, M. I. Antipenko, A. N. Minin","doi":"10.55355/snv2023124106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55355/snv2023124106","url":null,"abstract":"For the Rosaceae family (Rosaceae Juss.), which is part of the group of families with the highest species abundance, one of the largest genera is the Prunus genus, which, according to the Catalog of Life, includes 395 species, 16 subspecies, 55 variations. Various sources for this genus indicate from 250 to 400 species of trees and shrubs widely distributed in the northern temperate zone, subtropical and tropical regions, from forests to deserts, in altitude ranges from sea level to alpine zones. In the Samara Oblast, among 67 species of woody Rosaceae, there are 30 native and 36 introduced species (adventitious and wild). The genus is most widespread in the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere, is widely represented in North America, Europe and Northern Asia, and includes a number of cultivated species of global economic importance. The active involvement of interspecific hybridization between representatives of the Prunus genus is considered by experts as a determining factor in the evolutionary development of its species diversity, which manifested itself in the appearance of a number of hybridogenic species that were able to overcome successfully the effects of abiotic stressors in the process of expanding ranges, the formation of cultigenic species of stone crops and their varietal diversity. In recent decades, the characteristics of leaves have gained special place in the research programs of plant ecologists as significant indicators of various aspects of growth, reproduction and functions of the plant organism, water use, nutrients, adaptation to environmental changes, including projected climatic changes. Leaf indicators are the most accessible for study throughout almost the entire growing season, they can be evaluated quickly enough, without involving expensive equipment, the screening procedure for leaf apparatus indicators is well standardized. The combined efforts of researchers led to the creation of large and complete databases of leaf apparatus features for various plant species. For the leaves of 15 varieties of stone crops (cherry Olechka, Chernookaya, Kalinka, Nyusha, Pervinka; apricot Samara, Yantar Povolzhya; Russian plum Dolgozhdannaya, Konservnaya, Velikansha, Naryadnaya, Kompotnaya, Lunnaya; domestic plum Dachnaya, Doch Eurasii) quantitative indicators determined for samples selected in July 2020, 2021 and 2022 are analyzed. In order to visualize the possible features of the leaf apparatus in groups of varieties of various fruit crops, the construction of dot diagrams with a limited area of location for each group of points was used. This technique made it possible to identify both the presence of separate groups of points corresponding to one indicator of the leaves of individual stone fruits, and the overlap of the corresponding ranges of other indicators of values. Probably, this picture is a reflection of a certain ecological and physiological heterogeneity in groups of stone fruit varieties, which are cultigenic","PeriodicalId":21482,"journal":{"name":"Samara Journal of Science","volume":"81 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141647331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changing situation of Chinese migrants in the Far East at the late 1920s","authors":"Vasilina A. Sazonova","doi":"10.55355/snv2023124204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55355/snv2023124204","url":null,"abstract":"In the 1920s a significant number of Chinese migrants lived in the Far Eastern region. They carried out their activities in various branches of local industry and participated in the development of trade. The living conditions of Chinese migrants were influenced by both the transformation of the domestic political and economic situation as well as changes in Soviet-Chinese relations at the international level. The end of the 1920s was characterized by an increase in international tension, including the intensification of confrontation between the Soviet state and China. The conflict on the Chinese Eastern Railway and the subsequent rupture of Soviet-Chinese diplomatic relations had a significant impact on Chinese migrants living in the Far Eastern region. The situation of Chinese migrants has deteriorated significantly, and their displacementt has been observed. Arrests, searches, and detention were used by Soviet law enforcement agencies, and therefore many Chinese migrants decided to return to their homeland. These factors contributed to a reduction in the number of Chinese entrepreneurs and industrial workers in the region. The conflict on the Chinese Eastern Railway also resulted in the appearance of Chinese prisoners of war in the territory of Transbaikalia, with whom appropriate political work was carried out by Soviet state and party bodies.","PeriodicalId":21482,"journal":{"name":"Samara Journal of Science","volume":"27 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141645364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}