{"title":"Determinations of aircraft position and orientation from images of a millimetric surface radar","authors":"P. Pellegrini, E. Giannini","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2001.923023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2001.923023","url":null,"abstract":"The present work mainly deals with the determination of geometrical and kinematics parameters by the processing of images gathered from a high-resolution radar sensor. The aim of this application is to determine the orientation and the position of aircraft in an Advanced Surface Movement Guidance and Control (A-SMGCS) environment. The radar sensor is a prototype operating in the millimetre band (95 GHz) and conceived for the surveillance function. By using suitable image processing the aircraft position is computed with different methods including moments and cross-correlation with a model variable as a function of the angle between the aircraft axis and radar ray direction. The more accurate calculations (e.g., cross-correlation) are made only around a rough estimated position, and therefore the calculation time is drastically reduced.","PeriodicalId":214828,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE Radar Conference (Cat. No.01CH37200)","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128335214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Superdirectivity and SNR constraints in wideband array-pattern design","authors":"D. Scholnik, J. O. Coleman","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2001.922974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2001.922974","url":null,"abstract":"Wide instantaneous and tunable-bandwidth arrays pose a challenging design problem. Since the elements are usually spaced close to one-half wavelength at the highest frequency of operation, at lower frequencies the array may be considerably oversampled spatially. In a conventional time-delay-steered array the result is a beamwidth that is proportional to frequency. With a FIR filter at each element, however, superdirectivity can be achieved at lower frequencies, improving the beam characteristics. Constraints on efficiency, sensitivity, and SNR are derived to limit the undesirable effects of superdirectivity.","PeriodicalId":214828,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE Radar Conference (Cat. No.01CH37200)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129418159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Shadow-feature-enhanced ML-CFAR detection for a Swerling 1 target in Weibull clutter","authors":"J. Minett, S. Leung, Y. Siu, M.K. Lee","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2001.923020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2001.923020","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a shadow-feature-enhanced technique for the maximum-likelihood CFAR (ML-CFAR) detector, which is known to have a low CFAR loss. A general 15 dB signal-to-clutter ratio detection enhancement for a shadow length of 5 bins is obtained for a Swerling 1 target in Weibull clutter across a wide range of detection rates.","PeriodicalId":214828,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE Radar Conference (Cat. No.01CH37200)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124343171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modeling imprecise detection parameters as fuzzy numbers for a Rician target in Rayleigh background","authors":"S. Leung, J. Minett, M.K. Lee, Y. Siu","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2001.922965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2001.922965","url":null,"abstract":"The performance of a radar detector may become inaccurate when key parameters of the system are imprecise. Imprecise parameters are modeled here as fuzzy numbers. The fuzzy integrator detector is constructed for a Rician target in Rayleigh background. Results indicate that the precision of the detection performance decreases as parameter imprecision increases. The false alarm rate is particularly sensitive to parameter imprecision at low false alarm rate; 5% imprecision in the parameters can give rise to more than 300% imprecision in the false alarm rate at nominal false alarm rates below 10/sup -5/.","PeriodicalId":214828,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE Radar Conference (Cat. No.01CH37200)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121603380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A novel approach for CFAR processors design","authors":"Lei Zhao, Weixian Liu, Xin Wu, J. Fu","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2001.922992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2001.922992","url":null,"abstract":"Two novel constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detectors, the And-CFAR and Or-CFAR, are proposed, The two new CFAR detectors improve the conventional cell averaging CFAR (CA-CFAR) and order statistics CFAR (OS-CFAR) by making full use of the cell information. The novel CFAR processors combine the result of the CA-CFAR and OS-CFAR to get a better detection performance. In a homogeneous background, the mathematical medals of the two new CFAR detectors are derived and their performance has been evaluated and compared with that of CA-CFAR and OS-CFAR.","PeriodicalId":214828,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE Radar Conference (Cat. No.01CH37200)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125318232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dual frequency measurements of ocean forward scatter with an ultrawideband radar","authors":"P. Hansen, K. Scheff, E. Mokole, E. Tomas","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2001.923008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2001.923008","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an experiment description, along with data examples, for ultrawideband radar measurements of low grazing angle forward scatter associated with a test target mounted above a wind-disturbed sea surface. The measurement radar used sub-nanosecond transmit pulses (0.15 ns and 0.25 ns 3 dB pulse widths) at center frequencies of 9 and 4 GHz to achieve resolutions finer than 3 cm in the range dimension. This resolution was sufficient to fully resolve direct and multipath (both single and double bounce) contributions to the signal reflecting from a tower-mounted retro reflector. The geometry produced a nominal 3 degree grazing angle for forward scatter. Dual frequency measurements for a wind-disturbed ocean surface highlight changes in the magnitude and the location of the scatter components with time.","PeriodicalId":214828,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE Radar Conference (Cat. No.01CH37200)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131131639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimal waveforms and processing for sparse frequency UWB operation","authors":"J. Salzman, D. Akamine, R. Lefevre","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2001.922960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2001.922960","url":null,"abstract":"Spectrum notching on transmit is crucial to the deployment of UWB FOPEN SAR radars. However, it results in high peak and integrated sidelobes, which translate to loss in received image quality. In order to recover the image quality, we \"fill-in\" the effects of the frequency notches using the Burg algorithm, before the final image formation.","PeriodicalId":214828,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE Radar Conference (Cat. No.01CH37200)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130790865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Garren, M. K. Osborn, A. C. Odom, J. S. Goldstein, S. Pillai, J. Guerci
{"title":"Optimal transmission pulse shape for detection and identification with uncertain target aspect","authors":"D. Garren, M. K. Osborn, A. C. Odom, J. S. Goldstein, S. Pillai, J. Guerci","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2001.922963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2001.922963","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the optimization of the transmission radar pulse shape to maximize either target detection or identity discrimination between the T-72 and M1 tanks under conditions of aspect uncertainty. Significant performance improvements in detection and identification are obtained using optimized transmission waveforms over that of standard chirped pulses.","PeriodicalId":214828,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE Radar Conference (Cat. No.01CH37200)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129878286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Angular glint suppression for mm-wave terminal guidance radar based on polarization agility and RCS weighting","authors":"Qiao Xiaolin, Jin Ming","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2001.923014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2001.923014","url":null,"abstract":"Angular glint greatly reduces guidance accuracy of millimeter radar. As a way to suppress its effect, a RCS weighting method employing polarization agility and frequency agility is proposed. In simulation, an aircraft is decomposed into thirty parts to get the RCS and two-dimensional linear angle errors caused by angular glint. The results show that the square root error value of angular glint can be suppressed from 5-6 m to 1m or so within 4-5 return pulses processed.","PeriodicalId":214828,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE Radar Conference (Cat. No.01CH37200)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129954334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental results for adaptive radar imaging in a wide angular sector","authors":"M. Curry, Y. Kuga","doi":"10.1109/NRC.2001.923000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.2001.923000","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate experimentally an adaptive imaging approach, namely that of a synthetic wideband, stepped CW transmitter and a multichannel adaptive array for receiving backscattered energy from short range objects in a full +/-90 degree field of view. The method is a hybrid one, using conventional Fourier processing for range and is adaptive in angle. The 12-element linear array that was constructed is able to form an image in range and angle without Doppler information, and was tested with targets embedded in natural background clutter. The results show how background clutter affects the angular resolution of the array due to the increase in rank of the signal-plus-clutter covariance matrix, whereas at the same time the rank of this matrix is reduced for closely spaced scatterers due to signal coherence. In addition to investigating some known angular enhancement methods, we propose a method to enhance angular resolution in the presence of clutter by a projection, which seeks to reduce the received signal to a lower rank approximation, without using eigendecomposition, thus having an implementation advantage. This method allows more control over the angular resolution and the background clutter level. Computer simulations as well as the experimental results are presented.","PeriodicalId":214828,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE Radar Conference (Cat. No.01CH37200)","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124687886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}